this is a slideshow on sharkattacks

1. SHARK ATTACKS!!!
BY: ELLA TEMPLETON

2. A shark attack is an attack on a human by a
shark. Every year around 100 shark attacks
are reported worldwide. Seventeen fatalities
are recorded as having being caused by shark
attacks in 2011, out of 118 recorded
attacks.[1] Despite their relative rarity, many
people fear shark attacks after occasional
serial attacks, such as the Jersey Shore shark
attacks of 1916, and horror fiction and films
such as the Jaws series. Almost all shark
experts consider that the danger presented
by sharks has been exaggerated. The creator
of the Jaws phenomenon, Peter Benchley,
attempted to dispel the myth of sharks being
man-eating monsters in the years before his
death

3. Although Australia is ranked
the second highest in terms of
global shark attacks with 877
attacks, it is ranked the
highest in terms of shark
fatalities, with 217
fatalities.[3][4][5] Australia had
the most shark attacks in
2008, with 48 attacks
Australia wide; 11 of these
were fatal. The highest death
rate occurred in Queensland
with the total of 6 fatal
attacks.[6] In 2000, there were
79 shark attacks reported
worldwide, 11 of them fatal

4. Types of attacks
Shark attack indices use different criteria to determine if an attack
was "provoked" or "unprovoked." When considered from the
shark's point of view, attacks on humans who are perceived as a
threat to the shark or a competitor to its food source are all
"provoked" attacks. Neither the International Shark Attack File
(ISAF) nor the Global Shark Attack File (GSAF) accord casualties of
air/sea disasters "provoked" or "unprovoked" status; these
incidents are considered to be a separate category.[31][32]
Postmortem scavenging of human remains (typically drowning
victims) are also not accorded "provoked" or "unprovoked"
status.[32][33] The GSAF categorizes scavenging bites on humans as
"questionable incidents."[32] The most common criteria for
determining "provoked" and "unprovoked" attacks are discussed
below:

5. Provoked attack
Provoked attacks occur when a
human touches a shark, pokes it,
teases it, spears, hooks, or nets it, or
otherwise aggravates/provokes it in a
certain manner. Incidents that occur
outside of a shark's natural habitat,
e.g., aquariums and research holding-
pens, are considered provoked, as are
all incidents involving captured
sharks. Sometimes humans
inadvertently "provoke" an attack,
such as when a surfer accidentally hits
a shark with a surf board.

6. Unprovoked attack
Unprovoked attacks are initiated by the shark—they occur in a shark's natural habitat
on a live human and without human provocation.[31][32] There are three subcategories
of unprovoked attack:
Hit-and-run attack – Usually non-fatal, the shark bites and then leaves; most victims do
not see the shark. This is the most common type of attack and typically occurs in the
surf zone or in murky water. Most hit-and-run attacks are believed to be the result of
mistaken identity.[34]
Sneak attack – The victim will not usually see the shark, and may sustain multiple deep
bites. This is the most fatal kind of attack and is not believed to be the result of
mistaken identity.[34]
Bump-and-bite attack – The shark circles and bumps the victim before biting. Repeated
bites are not uncommon and can be severe or fatal. Bump-and-bite attacks are not
believed to be the result of mistaken identity.[34]
An incident occurred in 2011 when a 3-meter long great white shark jumped onto a 7-
person research vessel off Seal Island, South Africa. The crew were undertaking a
population study using sardines as bait, and the incident was judged to be an accident

7. Large sharks species are apex predators in their environment,[36] and thus have little fear of
any creature they cross paths with. Like most sophisticated hunters, they are curious when
they encounter something unusual in their territories. Lacking any limbs with sensitive
digits such as hands or feet, the only way they can explore an object or organism is to bite
it; these bites are known as exploratory bites.[37] Generally, shark bites are exploratory, and
the animal will swim away after one bite.[37] For example, exploratory bites on surfers are
thought to be caused by the shark mistaking the surfer for the shape of prey.[38]
Nonetheless, a single bite can grievously injure a human if the animal involved is a
powerful predator like a great white or tiger shark.[39]
Despite a few rare exceptions,[40][41] it has been concluded that feeding is not a reason
sharks attack humans. In fact, humans don't provide enough high-fat meat for sharks,
which need a lot of energy to power their large, muscular bodies.[38]
Sharks normally make one swift attack and then retreat to wait for the victim to die or
exhaust itself before returning to feed. This protects the shark from injury from a wounded
and aggressive target; however, it also allows humans time to get out of the water and
survive.[42] Shark attacks may also occur due to territorial reasons or as dominance over
another shark species, resulting in an attack.[43]
Sharks are equipped with sensory organs called the Ampullae of Lorenzini that detect the
electricity generated by muscle movement;[44] another theory is that the shark's electrical
receptors, which pick up movement, pick up the signals like those emitted by wounded fish
from someone who is fishing or spearfishing, and thus attack the person by mistake.[43]
George H. Burgess, director of the International Shark Attack File, said the following
regarding why people are attacked: "Attacks are basically an odds game based on how
many hours you are in the water".[45]

8. avoiding the water at dawn, dusk, or night,
when sharks tend to feed;
avoiding areas where sharks generally locate
themselves, such as murky waters, sandbars,
and steep drop-offs
avoiding swimming alone, always being near a
group of people, and if possible, avoiding
scattering the group;
refraining from excess splashing or movement;
preventing pets from entering the water;
avoiding shiny jewelry, tan lines and bright
clothing, all of which can attract sharks;
avoiding entering water if bleeding from an
open wound or if menstruating;
avoiding areas where prey animals of sharks
live, for instance seals;
avoiding areas where the remains of fish have
been discarded into the water, such as near
fishermen cleaning their catch.
avoiding waters contaminated with sewage or
runoff and areas frequented by sport or
commercial fisherman