Vidyalankar final-essentials of communication systems

Essentials Of Communication Systems A Presentation By- A. S. Kurhekar http://sites.google.com/site/anilkurhekar100

Overview of Analog Technology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Analog Signals: The Basics Time Signal Frequency = Cycles/Second Cycle Amplitude

Amplitude and Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Frequency Spectrum and Bandwidth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Frequency Spectrum ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Low Frequency High Frequency Radio Frequency Coaxial Cable MHz Voice KHz Satellite Transmission Microwave MHz

An Overview of Digital Technology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Digital Signal And Binary Signals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],t x(t) t x(t) 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 T

Digital Terms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Performance Metrics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Data Rate Limits ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Signal Energy and Power ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Communication System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Backdrop ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Communication System Block Diagram Source Encoder Source Decoder Channel Receiver Text Images Video ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Transmitter

Analysis Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Channel Distortion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],X(f) X(f)+N(f)/H(f) H(f) 1/H(f) N(f) +

Filters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 -B B 1 1

Energy Spectral Density (ESD) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],f Contains less information than Fourier Transform (no phase)  g (f) .25[  g (f-f 0 )+  g (f+f 0 )] X cos(2  f 0 t)

Autocorrelation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object], g (f) |H(f)| 2  g (f) H(f)

Power Spectral Density ,[object Object],[object Object], |G T (f)| 2 1 2T g T (t) -T T   T=  S g (f)

Filtering and Modulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],S g (f) |H(f)| 2 S g (f) H(f) S g (f) .25[S g (f-f 0 )+ S g (f+f 0 )] X cos(2  f c t) otherwise +cross terms

Modulation and Autocorrelation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],S g (f) .25[S g (f-f 0 )+ S g (f+f 0 )] X cos(2  f c t)

Probability Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],S A 2       A 3

Probability Measures-I ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Probability Measure-II ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A 1 A 2 A 3 S B P 1 P 3 P 2 0 1 2 3 x x x S

Gaussian Random Variables ,[object Object],[object Object], x  x N (  ,  2 ) Z~ N (  ) Tails decrease exponentially

Several Random Variables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sums of Random Variables and the Central Limit Theorem ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stationarity, Mean, Autocorrelation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],x(t) x

Wide Sense Stationary (WSS) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Power Spectral Density (PSD) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],.5N 0  (  ) .5N 0  S n (f) R n (  ) f S n (f) .25[S n (f-f c )+ S n (f-f c )] X cos(2  f c t+  )

Gaussian Processes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Examples of noise in Communication Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Introduction to Carrier Modulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Double Sideband (Suppressed Carrier) Amplitude Modulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Coherent Detection of DSBAM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],m(t) cos(  c t+    DSBSC Modulator s(t) DSBSC Modulator LPF m´(t) cos(  c t+    Channel

Introduction to Angle Modulation and FM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FM Bandwidth and Carson’s Rule ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],B s  2  f+2B m

Spectral Analysis of FM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],S(f) for m(t)=cos(2  f m t) f c f c +f m f c +2f m f c +3f m f c + 4f m f c -4f m f c -3f m f c -2f m f c -f m f … … .5A c J n (  ) B  2  f WBFM .5A c J n (  )

Generating FM Signals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],m(t) Product Modulator Asin(  c t) s(t) 2  k f  ( ·)dt  (t) -90 o LO + A c cos(  c t) + - Product Modulator (k 1 ,f 1 ) m(t) s 1 (t) Nonlinear Device s 2 (t) BPF s(t)

FM Detection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Introduction to Digital Modulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 On-Off Polar t t T b

Pulse Shaping ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Passband Digital Modulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ASK, PSK, and FSK ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 AM Modulation AM Modulation FM Modulation m(t) m(t)

ASK/PSK Demodulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],s(t)  cos(  c t +  ) nT b Decision Device “ 1” or “0” r(nT b ) R 0 R 1 Integrator (LPF)  N a  r(nT b ) r(nT b )+ 

Noise in ASK/PSK ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],s(t)  cos(  c t) nT b R(nT b )+ N(nT b ) “ 1” or “0” + N(t) Channel R 1 R 0  N

FSK Demodulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],s(t)  cos(2  1 t) R 1 (nT b )+N 1 “ 1” or “0”  cos(  0 t) nT b R 0 (nT b )+N 2 Comparator

FSK Error Probability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Summary of Digital Modulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Performance Degradation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Multilevel Modulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Higher data rate more susceptible to noise 00 10 01 11 T s 00 10 01 11

Key Points To Remember ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Interpretations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is Telemetry? ,[object Object],[object Object]

TELEMETERING APPLICATIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Telemetry Use in Precision Agriculture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Spectrum Encroachments 1435-1525 MHz: Manned Vehicle (L Band) Telemetry 2200-2390 MHz: Manned and Unmanned Vehicle (S Band) Telemetry WARC 92 BBA 97 Terrestrial DAB (Canada), CARIBSS, MediaStar WARC 92 US Alternative 2390 2350 2200 2250 2300 2200-2290 MHz: Unmanned 2360-2390 MHz: Manned 1525 1500 1435 1460 1485 One A/C can easily use over 20MHz of spectrum for a single mission

Vidyalankar final-essentials of communication systems

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