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Docker

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Anil Wadghule
Anil Wadghule

Gave talk on Docker at Pune Ruby Users Group meetup. Also at Docker Pune meetup.

Tecnologia
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Anil Wadghule awadghule@equalexperts.com February 2014 — Docker 0.8.0
Docker • Docker was started by Solomon Hykes as an internal project by dotCloud • Docker makes Linux Containers easy to use
What is Docker? “Docker is an open source engine to easily create lightweight, portable, self-sufficient containers from any application. The same container that a developer builds and tests on a laptop can run at scale, in production, on VMs, bare metal, OpenStack clusters, public clouds and more” - http://docker.io
Why Docker? • Deploy everything (webapps, backends, sql, big data, message queues) • Deploy almost everywhere (Linux servers, VMs or bare metal, any distro, Kernel 3.8) • Deploy reliably & consistently (local and on server same) • Deploy easily • Deploy at scale
Docker popularity • 330+ Contributors, • 50,000+ docker index pull, • 1000’s of Dockerized applications • Integration in Jenkins, Travis, Chef, Puppet, Vagrant & OpenStack
The challenge • Static website, User DB, Queue, Background workers, Analytics DB, API endpoint, Web Frontend • Development VM, QA Server, Public cloud, Production Servers, Customer data center, Production cluster • Running apps in multiple environments results in N x N nightmare
Problem: shipping code N x N compatibility nightmare
Solution • The Linux Container
This eliminated the N x N problem
What is LXC? • Lightweight Linux Container (LXC) • Operating system level virtualisation method for running multiple isolated Linux systems • Provides way to run mini Linux systems within another Linux systems • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LXC
LXC • I can SSH into it • I have root access • I can apt-get/yum install packages • Speed: boots in seconds • Footprint: 100-1000 containers on one machine. Small disk requirements.
Control groups & namespaces • LXCs makes use of control groups & namespaces • Linux kernel feature to limit, account and isolate resource usage, such as 
 — CPU 
 — Memory 
 — Disk I/O
Docker • Docker is API on top of LXC • Docker runs as daemon • Docker makes Linux Containers easy to use (LXC) • Docker service exposes REST api that is used by Docker client
Docker architecture DOCKER LXC LAYER FS CGROUPS LINUX KERNEL NAMESPACES
Container vs. VMs
Docker operating system? • Doesn’t include operating system • Relies on operating system functionality provided by underlying infrastructure
Requirements • Linux kernel 3.8 & above • AUFS • LXC • 64-bit
Installation • Can be directly installed on supported Linux distros. • Supported Ubuntu versions
 
 Ubuntu Precise 12.04 (LTS) (64-bit) 
 Ubuntu Raring 13.04 and Saucy 13.10 (64 bit)
Installation: boot2docker On Mac
 • 
 $ brew install boot2docker
 $ boot2docker init
 $ boot2docker up
 $ export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://
 $ docker run -i -t busybox sh
 #/
Installation: Vagrant • Clone the docker repository 
 $ git clone https://github.com/dotcloud/docker.git • Startup the vagrant image 
 $ vagrant up • SSH into the image 
 $ vagrant ssh • Use docker in VM
 $ docker • Vagrant client works on Mac
Demo
What Docker has done? • Downloaded the image from docker repo • Generated a new LXC container • Created a new file system • Mounted a read/write layer • Allocated network interface • Setup IP Setup NATing • Executed the bash shell in the container • ** All under a very few minutes
Advantages • Elegant application delivery • Throwable sandboxes • Create uniform development & production environments • Automated testing and continuous integration/deployments • Deploying and scaling web apps, databases and backend services
Why developers care? • Build once, write everywhere • Clean, safe, hygienic and portable runtime environment for app • No worries about missing dependencies during subsequent deployments • Reduce / eliminate compatibility concerns on different platforms
Recommended workflow • Each service will be in its own container(s) • Build an image for each service • Pin dependencies (packages etc.) accurately. • Link services together
Questions
Thank you !!! Follow me on Twitter @anildigital

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Docker

  • 2. Docker • Docker was started by Solomon Hykes as an internal project by dotCloud • Docker makes Linux Containers easy to use
  • 3. What is Docker? “Docker is an open source engine to easily create lightweight, portable, self-sufficient containers from any application. The same container that a developer builds and tests on a laptop can run at scale, in production, on VMs, bare metal, OpenStack clusters, public clouds and more” - http://docker.io
  • 4. Why Docker? • Deploy everything (webapps, backends, sql, big data, message queues) • Deploy almost everywhere (Linux servers, VMs or bare metal, any distro, Kernel 3.8) • Deploy reliably & consistently (local and on server same) • Deploy easily • Deploy at scale
  • 5. Docker popularity • 330+ Contributors, • 50,000+ docker index pull, • 1000’s of Dockerized applications • Integration in Jenkins, Travis, Chef, Puppet, Vagrant & OpenStack
  • 6. The challenge • Static website, User DB, Queue, Background workers, Analytics DB, API endpoint, Web Frontend • Development VM, QA Server, Public cloud, Production Servers, Customer data center, Production cluster • Running apps in multiple environments results in N x N nightmare
  • 7. Problem: shipping code N x N compatibility nightmare
  • 9. This eliminated the N x N problem
  • 10. What is LXC? • Lightweight Linux Container (LXC) • Operating system level virtualisation method for running multiple isolated Linux systems • Provides way to run mini Linux systems within another Linux systems • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LXC
  • 11. LXC • I can SSH into it • I have root access • I can apt-get/yum install packages • Speed: boots in seconds • Footprint: 100-1000 containers on one machine. Small disk requirements.
  • 12. Control groups & namespaces • LXCs makes use of control groups & namespaces • Linux kernel feature to limit, account and isolate resource usage, such as 
 — CPU 
 — Memory 
 — Disk I/O
  • 13. Docker • Docker is API on top of LXC • Docker runs as daemon • Docker makes Linux Containers easy to use (LXC) • Docker service exposes REST api that is used by Docker client
  • 16. Docker operating system? • Doesn’t include operating system • Relies on operating system functionality provided by underlying infrastructure
  • 17. Requirements • Linux kernel 3.8 & above • AUFS • LXC • 64-bit
  • 18. Installation • Can be directly installed on supported Linux distros. • Supported Ubuntu versions
 
 Ubuntu Precise 12.04 (LTS) (64-bit) 
 Ubuntu Raring 13.04 and Saucy 13.10 (64 bit)
  • 19. Installation: boot2docker On Mac
 • 
 $ brew install boot2docker
 $ boot2docker init
 $ boot2docker up
 $ export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://
 $ docker run -i -t busybox sh
 #/
  • 20. Installation: Vagrant • Clone the docker repository 
 $ git clone https://github.com/dotcloud/docker.git • Startup the vagrant image 
 $ vagrant up • SSH into the image 
 $ vagrant ssh • Use docker in VM
 $ docker • Vagrant client works on Mac
  • 21. Demo
  • 22. What Docker has done? • Downloaded the image from docker repo • Generated a new LXC container • Created a new file system • Mounted a read/write layer • Allocated network interface • Setup IP Setup NATing • Executed the bash shell in the container • ** All under a very few minutes
  • 23. Advantages • Elegant application delivery • Throwable sandboxes • Create uniform development & production environments • Automated testing and continuous integration/deployments • Deploying and scaling web apps, databases and backend services
  • 24. Why developers care? • Build once, write everywhere • Clean, safe, hygienic and portable runtime environment for app • No worries about missing dependencies during subsequent deployments • Reduce / eliminate compatibility concerns on different platforms
  • 25. Recommended workflow • Each service will be in its own container(s) • Build an image for each service • Pin dependencies (packages etc.) accurately. • Link services together
  • 27. Thank you !!! Follow me on Twitter @anildigital