The document presents information from a presentation on polo shirts, including: - A definition of a polo shirt and the history of how it was developed by Rene Lacoste. - Descriptions of the anatomy and parts of a polo shirt such as the collar, placket, buttons, cuff, tape, side seam, side vent, extended tail, and hem. - Explanations of different types of seams and stitches used in polo shirt construction such as superimposed seams, lapped seams, bound seams, lock stitches, and overlock stitches. - An analysis of the specific seams and stitches used in different areas of a basic polo

1. 7/13/2013 1

2. 7/13/2013 2
Nasir Ahmed
09.02.06.073
Md. Abdur Rahman
09.01.06.072
Md. Asef Iqbal
09.02.06.071
Md. Taibur Rahman
09.02.06.072
Presented by-

3. 7/13/2013 3

4. Content of the
presentation-
Definition of Polo Shirt
History of Polo Shirt
ANATOMY OF A POLO SHIRT
DESCRIPTION OF DIFFERENT
PARTS OF POLO SHIRT
What is Seam?
Different Types of seams
WHAT IS STITCH?
 Different Types of stitches
Analysis of seams & Stitches of a
Basic Polo Shirt
Layout Plan for a Polo Shirt Making
Factory
 Conclusion

5. 5
A polo shirt, also known as a golf shirt and tennis
shirt, is a T-shaped shirt with a collar, typically a two-
or three-button placket, and an optional pocket. Polo
shirts are usually made of knitted cloth (rather than
woven cloth), usually piqué cotton or, less
commonly, silk, merino wool, or synthetic fibers.
Polo shirt
7/13/2013

6.  In the 19th and early 20th centuries, tennis players ordinarily wore "tennis whites" consisting
of long-sleeved white button-up shirts (worn with the sleeves rolled up), flannel trousers, and
ties.This attire presented problems for ease of play and comfort.
 Rene Lacoste, the French 7-time Grand slamtennis champion, decided that the stiff tennis attire
was too cumbersome and uncomfortable.He designed a white, short-sleeved, loosely-knit pique
cotton (he called the cotton weave jersey petit piqué) shirt with an unstarched, flat, protruding
collar, a buttoned placket, and a longer shirt-tail in back than in front (known today as a "tennis
tail"), which he first wore at the 1926 U.S. Open championship.Beginning in 1927, Lacoste
placed a crocodile emblem on the left breast of his shirts, as the American press had begun to
refer to him as "The Crocodile",a nickname which he embraced.
 In 1933, after retiring from professional tennis, Lacoste teamed up with André Gillier, a friend
who was a clothing merchandiser, to market that shirt in Europe and North America. Together,
they formed the company Chemise Lacoste and began selling their shirts, which included the
small embroidered crocodile logo on the left breast
6
The History of the Polo Shirt
7/13/2013

7. 7
Rene Lacoste wearing the traditional
long sleeve woven shirt
Lacoste branded his polo shirts with a small crocodile
emblem after his nickname "the crocodil “
7/13/2013
The History of the Polo Shirt(contd..)

8. ANATOMY OF A POLO SHIRT
87/13/2013

9. 97/13/2013
ANATOMY OF A POLO SHIRT (contd)

10. DESCRIPTION OF
DIFFERENT PARTS OF POLO
SHIRT
107/13/2013

11. DESCRIPTION OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF POLO SHIRT (Contd)
 Collar:
The collar is as much a defining part of the polo shirt as any other feature. The collar lies
flat, but can be turned up at the back to keep the sun off the neck (this is especially
important for tennis players, and the polo shirt was originally designed by a tennis
player). Traditional polo shirt collars are a rib-knit; however, now some polo shirts have
self-fabric colors, which are made from the same fabric/knit as the rest of the shirt.
 Placket:
The placket is the area of the garment where one piece fastens to another. On a polo
shirt, this is below the collar, where the shirt buttons.
 Buttons:
Women’s style polo shirts often do not have buttons, but instead have a collar and a
small v-neck. Men’s polo shirts have buttons on the right side, typically two or three .
 Cuff:
The end of the sleeve is known as the cuff. Some polos have rib knit cuffs, while others
have self-fabric cuffs.
117/13/2013

12. DESCRIPTION OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF POLO SHIRT (Contd)
 Tape:
In fabric terms, “tape” is a narrow piece of fabric. The best polo shirts have a “fully taped neck.” This strip of
fabric appears on the inside of the neck, helping to maintain the structure of the shirt, while making it more
comfortable by covering the seam between the collar and the shirt. It also helps to absorb perspiration.
 Side Seam:
Side seams help to give polo shirts a more fitted shape.
 Side vent:
The side vents are at the bottom of the shirt. Usually they are taped along the hem, though sometimes they
are double-needled stitched. On athletic shirts and performance shirts, there is usually a small piece of tape on
the outside of the shirt at the top of the vent, which aids in keeping the shirt tucked in.
 Extended Tail:
It is noticed on many polo shirts, the back of the shirt is longer than the front of the shirt. This helps keep the
shirt from coming un-tucked.
 Hem:
Hem is less likely to unravel, and also give the shirt a more finished look.
127/13/2013

13. WHAT IS SEAM?
 In apparel manufacturing seams are former when two or more pieces of fabric are joined by
stitches. Seams have three dimensions: length, width & depth.
 Seam is the join between two & more plies of material. Seams are usually formed by welding,
adhesives, stitching or other joining means are sometimes used.
 According to British Standard “Seam is the application of a series of stitches or stitch types to
one or several thickness of material for functional or decorative purposes”.
137/13/2013

14. 147/13/2013

15. 15
The seam of class-1 is called superimposed seam. This is the most common &
mostly used seam for joining fabrics. In this seam, two plies of fabric are placed
on one another perfectly & then the fabrics are sewn. The sewn edges of the
fabrics remain in the same side.
Different Types of seam (contd)
Class -1- Super imposed seam
7/13/2013

16. 16
Different Types of seam (contd)
The seam of class-2 is called lapped seam. At least two plies of fabric is required to
produce this type of seam. The two Sewn edges remain in two opposite sides of the
sewing line/seam line.
Class-2- Lapped seam
7/13/2013

17. 17
Different Types of seam (contd)
The seam of class-3 is called bound seam. For producing bound seam at least
two plies of fabric are required. The edge of One ply of fabric is bounded by the
other. Folder is used in sewing machine for producing bound seam.
Class-3- Bound seam:
7/13/2013

18. 18
The seam of class -4 is called flat seam where zigzag stitches are used by 2-need sewing machine. In
this seam two plies of fabric are placed side by side & then they are sewn together by zigzag stitch.
Different Types of seam (contd)
Class-4- Flat seam:
7/13/2013

19. 19
The seam of class-5 is called decorative seam. This seam is used in order to decorative
purpose. The fabric which we used that would be folded in several times and then according
to the under side of the folded part of the fabric stitch can be produced.
Class-5-Decorative Seam
Different Types of seam (contd)
7/13/2013

20. 20
The seam of class-6- is called edge neatening which is used to holds the edge of the fabric such
that the yarns of the fabric can not open easily. All the over Lock stitch is edge neatening class
seam.
Class-6-Edge Neatening:
Different Types of seam (contd)
7/13/2013

21. 21
Different Types of seam (contd)
This is called applied seam because these are mainly used to apply any decorative material
to an edge or seam such as lace.
Class-7-Applied Seam
7/13/2013

22. 22
Different Types of seam (contd)
This seam is formed when it is constructed from one ply of fabric by folding it
differently. An example is belt loop.
Class-8-Simgle ply construction
7/13/2013

23.  According to ASTM D 6193 “ A stitch is the configuration of the interlacing of sewing thread in a specific
repeated unit”.
 Simply every unit of a seam line formed by interlooping, intralooping or interlacing of one or more threads is
called stitch.
 A stitching consists of a series of stitches emboided in a material for ornamental purposes or finishing an edge
or both.
23
WHAT IS STITCH?
7/13/2013

24. 7/13/2013 24
Different Types of stitch
1. Stitch class-100 : Chain stitch
2. Stitch class-200 : Hand stitch
3. Stitch class-300 : Lock stitch
4. Stitch class-400 : Multi thread chain stitch
5. Stitch class-500 : Over edge/Edge neatening chain stitch
6. Stitch class-600 : Covering chain stitch

25. 25
Different Types of stitch (contd)
Chain stitches are produced by one or more needle threads and are charcterised by intralooping.
One needle thread is passed through the fabric, form needle loop and is secured by the next loop
formed by the same thread. Thus stitches are produced. This type of stitches is much unsecured.
Stitch class-100: Chain stitch
7/13/2013
Face side Under side

26. 26
Stitch class-200: Hand stitch
Different Types of stitch (contd)
7/13/2013
This type is originated from hand stitches. It is produced from a single thread. This thread is
passed through the fabric from one side to another and the stitch is secured by the single
line of thread passing in and out of the garment
Face side Under side

27. 27
This type of stitches is produced with two or more groups of threads. Here the two threads are
joined by interlacing. Loops of one group are passed through the material and are secured by the
thread of second group. On e group is referred as needle thread and other as bobbin thread.
Stitch class-300: Lock stitch
Different Types of stitch (contd)
7/13/2013
Face side Under side

28. 28
This class is formed with two or more groups of threads. Loops of one group of thread are
passed through the material and are secured by interlacing and interloping with loops of
another group. Here on group is called needle thread and another group looper thread.
Stitch class-400: Multi thread chain stitch
Different Types of stitch (contd)
7/13/2013
Face side Under side

29. 29
The stitch type in this class is formed with one or more groups of threads. Here at least one group of
thread passes around the edge of material. So no thread from the fabric can come out. The most
frequently used stitch of this type have one or two needle threads and one or two looper threads and
thus forms a narrow band of stitching along the edge of the fabric.
Stitch class-500: Over edge/Edge neatening chain stitch
Different Types of stitch (contd)
7/13/2013
Face & back side

30. 30
This type of stitches is generally produced with 3 groups of threads. Threads of two groups
can be seen from either side. The first group of thread is called needle thread, second is called
top cover thread and the third is called bottom cover thread. The stitches of this class are very
complex and up to 9 threads can be used in producing these stitches
Stitch class-600: Covering chain stitch
Different Types of stitch (contd)
7/13/2013
Face side Back side

31. 31
ANALYSIS OF SEAMS & STITCHES OF A
BASIC POLO SHIRT
7/13/2013

32. 32
Side Seam : Joining Front & Back Part
ANALYSIS OF SEAMS & STITCHES OF A
BASIC POLO SHIRT (contd)
Front side of side seam Back side of side seam
Seam class : Edge Neatening & supper Impose
Stitch class : Overlock (514) & Lock Stitch (301)
7/13/2013

33. 33
Stitch type 301
This type of stitch is formed with two threads: one needle thread (A) and one bobbin thread (B). A
loop of thread (A) is passed through the material and interlaced with thread (B). Thread (A) is
then pulled back so that the interlacing is midway between surfaces of the material or materials
being sewn. Ideally, this stitch should have a 1 : 1 ratio of needle to bobbin thread.
7/13/2013
ANALYSIS OF SEAMS & STITCHES OF A
BASIC POLO SHIRT (contd)
Side Seam : Joining Front & Back Part(contd)

34. 34
Side Seam : Joining Front & Back Part(contd)
Stitch type 514
This type of stitch is formed with four threads: two needle threads (A & A1) a lower looper thread
(B) and an upper looper thread (C). Loops of the needle threads (A & a1) are passed through the
material and interlooped with loops of thread (B) at the point of penetration on the underside of
the material. The loops of thread (B) are extended to the edge of the material and there
interlooped with loops of thread (C). Loops of thread (C) are extended from this interlooping point
of the needle penetration of the next stitch and there, interlooped with threads (A & A1).
7/13/2013
ANALYSIS OF SEAMS & STITCHES OF A
BASIC POLO SHIRT (contd)

35. 35
Hem :
Front side of Hem Back side of Hem
Seam class : Edge Neatening
Stitch class : Multi Thread Chain Stitch (406)
7/13/2013
ANALYSIS OF SEAMS & STITCHES OF A
BASIC POLO SHIRT (contd)

36. 36
This type of stitch is formed with three threads: two needle threads (A & A1) and one looper thread (B).
Loops of the needle threads (A & A1) are passed through the material and interlaced and interlooped
with loop of thread (B). These interloopings are then drawn against the underside of the material being
sewn.
Stitch type 406
7/13/2013
ANALYSIS OF SEAMS & STITCHES OF A
BASIC POLO SHIRT (contd)
Hem : (contd)

37. 37
Arm Scye : Joining Body part & Sleeve
Front part of Arm Scye Back Part of Arm Scye
Seam class : Edge Neatening & Lapped Seam (Lsb)
Stitch class :Overlock (514) & Lock Stitch (301)
7/13/2013
ANALYSIS OF SEAMS & STITCHES OF A
BASIC POLO SHIRT (contd)

38. 38
Seam class : Lapped Seam (Lsb)
Stitch class :Overlock (514)
Front part of Rib Knit Back Part ofRib Knit
7/13/2013
ANALYSIS OF SEAMS & STITCHES OF A
BASIC POLO SHIRT (contd)
Rib Knit: Joining Rib Knit & Sleeve

39. 39
Placket : Joining Button Plate & front Part
Seam class : Upper Part- Lapped Seam (Lsag)
Lower Part- Bound Seam(BSc)
Stitch class : Lock Stitch (301)
Front part of Placket Back Part of Placket
7/13/2013
ANALYSIS OF SEAMS & STITCHES OF A
BASIC POLO SHIRT (contd)

40. 40
Collar : Joining With front & Back Part
Front part of Collar Back Part of Collar
Seam class : Lapped Seam (Lsi)
Stitch class : Lock Stitch (301)
7/13/2013
ANALYSIS OF SEAMS & STITCHES OF A
BASIC POLO SHIRT (contd)

41. 41
Neck Rib : Joined with Collar
Seam class : Superimposed Seam (SSau)
Stitch class : Lock Stitch (301)
7/13/2013
ANALYSIS OF SEAMS & STITCHES OF A
BASIC POLO SHIRT (contd)
Neck Rib

42. 42
Main Label & size Label: Joined With Neck Rib & Back Part
Seam class : Applied seam
Stitch class : Lock Stitch (301)
7/13/2013
ANALYSIS OF SEAMS & STITCHES OF A
BASIC POLO SHIRT (contd)
Main Label & size Label

43. 43
Care Label: Joined with Side Seam
Seam class : Applied seam
Stitch class : Lock Stitch (301)
7/13/2013
ANALYSIS OF SEAMS & STITCHES OF A
BASIC POLO SHIRT (contd)
Care Label

44. 44
Extended Vent
Seam class : Applied Seam
Stitch class : Lock Stitch (301)
7/13/2013
ANALYSIS OF SEAMS & STITCHES OF A
BASIC POLO SHIRT (contd)
Front part of Extended Vent Back Part of Extended Vent

45. 7/13/2013 45

47. 7/13/2013 47
Layout Plan for a Polo Shirt Making Factory
In the following table a machine requirement plan or layout has been shown for the production of 500
Polo shirts in 8 hours shift. Machine types and machine requirement in each operation has been also
given in the following table.

48. 7/13/2013 48
Layout Plan for a Polo Shirt Making Factory(Contd)

49. 7/13/2013 49
In the presentation we mainly focused on various seams & stitches used in polo shirt & the features &
formation of these.
However Knit wear is a big potential in the Ready Made Garments export of Bangladesh. Among
knitwear polo shirts plays a vital role. In the fiscal year of 2010-11 Bangladesh earned 9482.06 million
US dollar from the export of knitwear, which was 46.25% more than fiscal year of 2009-10. The share of
knitwear in total apparel export was 52.93% & 41.36% of total Bangladesh export in the fiscal year of
2010-11.
It's a widely held belief that Bangladesh is going to be the biggest beneficiary of any move of garment
sourcing out of China. But not only is the volume of Bangladeshi exports slowing, prices are also
inflating - and a serious shortage of manufacturing capacity means the country is struggling to cope
with extra demand. I n January 2011, for example, Bangladeshi garment imports into the US were 17%
up, when measured in square meters of fabric, on January 2010. But by November 2011, they were
down 14%.
However Knitters have aimed to export knitwear products worth $20 billion by 2020 with shipments to
new destinations, maintaining an upward trend, exporters said.
Finally, We strongly believe that we have got to set a target if we want to move in the right direction. As
a nation, we have set so many examples of accomplishments. Here $ 20 billion target is not that much
hard if we can align all our efforts to the mission. A good balance between market expansion and
product diversification will sustain and enhance Bangladesh’s position in the world market.
Conclusion:

50. 7/13/2013 50

51. 7/13/2013 51
THANK YOU ALL