1. Dynamics of the Earth

3. Do Now: You are a geology detective, you are taking a hike in the Appellation Mountains upstate NY… you come across marine fossil in the bed rock and ask your self “How could Marine fossil be found so high in the bedrock… how did they get here? Give an explanation in your notebook.

5. B. Sedimentary beds are deposited as _______________ __(_____ _) Horizontal Layers Strata

6. THIS SEDIMENTARY STRATA SHOWS NO EVIDENCE OF UPLIFT OR CRUSTAL MOTION LAW OF ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY

7. C. Evidence of motions within the Earth’s crust is indicated by: 1._____________ 2._____________ 3._____________ Tilting Folding Faulting

8. TILTING

9. FOLDING

10. FAULTING: OFF SET LAYERS

11. FAULTING

13. D. ______________ provide direct evidence of crustal movement. Earthquakes

14. World Distribution

15. U.S . Distribution

16. _______ ______ and ________ _______ are 2 changes that can be observed after an earthquake. Fault lines Uplifted land (displaced strata)

18. EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE

21. E. ______ ________ are used in mapping surveys and indicate exact positions and elevations. Bench marks

22. Changes in ________________ of benchmarks are evidence that the land is either ___________ or____________ rising sinking elevation

23. F.Displaced marine fossils found in mountains have 2 interpretations: 1. _____________________________ _______________________________ 2. _____________________________ ________________________________ Higher sea levels covered mountains Rocks were uplifted from a previous ocean bottom

24. G. _____________ is the rising of the crust _____________ is the sinking of the crust Uplift Subsidence

26. II: EARTHQUAKES

29. Increased pressure causes the _______ _______ to break creating a ________. Rock strata fault

30. When faulting occurs energy radiates through the earth as _ _______ _ _______ that cause the ground to _______________ Seismic waves vibrate

31. Global Distribution of Earthquakes

32. Tectonic Plates Lisa Wald USGS Pasadena U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program

33. Plate Boundaries

34. Three Types of Faults Strike-Slip Thrust Normal

35. Strike-slip Fault Example

36. Strike-slip Fault Example 1906 San Francisco Earthquake

37. Normal Fault Example Dixie Valley-Fairview Peaks, Nevada earthquake December 16, 1954

38. Thrust Fault Example

39. Thrust Fault Example

41. Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking Northridge, CA 1994

42. Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking Northridge, CA 1994

43. Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking KGO-TV News ABC-7 Loma Prieta, CA 1989

44. Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking Kobe, Japan 1995

45. Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking Kobe, Japan 1995

46. Earthquake Effects - Surface Faulting Landers, CA 1992

47. Earthquake Effects - Liquefaction Source: National Geophysical Data Center Niigata, Japan 1964

48. Earthquake Effects - Landslides Turnnagin Heights,Alaska,1964 Source: National Geophysical Data Center

49. Earthquake Effects - Fires KGO-TV News ABC-7 Loma Prieta, CA 1989

50. Earthquake Effects - Tsunamis Photograph Credit: Henry Helbush. Source: National Geophysical Data Center 1957 Aleutian Tsunami

51. Seismic Waves

52. Earthquake Magnitude M5 M6 M7

53. Earthquake Location

54. The San Andreas Fault

55. Pacific-North American Plate Boundary

56. Will California eventually fall into the ocean??? No!

57. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program The End http: //pasadena . wr . usgs . gov/ http://earthquake.usgs.gov/ Where to go for more information:

60. Mercalli Scale – Intensity scale I II III IV V VI

63. Richter Scale – Magnitude scale

64. Do Now: Read the Mercalli Intensity Scale and the highlighted section of the script.

65. Let’s Use The Mercalli Intensity Scale to Create An Isoseismal Map To Locate the Epicenter of An Earth Quake

66. VII V V VI VIII VI VIII VII VI VIII IV V VII IV VI IV VII VI V V IV

69. Do Now: Slinky Demo Time!!! Read over the Seismic Wave chart

72. Primary (p-wave Secondary (s-waves) Surface Also called… (compressional, shear) Causes the most damage… (Check one) Relative Speed (Slowest, Fastest or Intermediate) Describe the Wave Motion compared to the direction that the wave is traveling. Bonus: In what layers of the earth can they travel?

76. P-wave Primary Wave S-wave Secondary wave

79. TYPES OF EARTHQUAKE WAVES

81. Do Now: Take out Chart from Slinky Demo. Finish it.

83. Seismograph

86. 01:10:00 01:20:00 01:18:00 01:24:00

104. Do Now: Plot the following City Distance to Epicenter Denver 1.50 x 10 3 Km Tampa 3.80 x 10 3 Km San Diego 0.65 x 10 3 Km

105. Do Now: Plot the following City Distance to Epicenter Wink 1.8 x 10 3 Km New York 1.1 x 10 3 Km Seattle 3.0 x 10 3 Km

106. SF = San Francisco 300 km LV = Las Vegas 390 km LA = Los Angeles 189 km Seismic Stations TRIANGULATION TO FIND THE EPICENTER SF LV LA 300 km

107. Do Now: Focused Free Write: How could you use seismic (P&S) waves to determine if an egg is raw, soft-boiled or hard-boiled without breaking the egg? Explain in 3-4 sentences.

112. S-waves can not pass through liquid

113. P-waves are bent as they pass through the different layers Based on the density of the layer

119. L et’s Draw This Diagram in our Notebook :

121. p-wave arrival at 21:58:30 s-wave arrival at 22:02:45 surface waves

125. Augustine, Alaska

128. Mauna Loa

129. Kilauea

130. Stromboli

131. Stromboli

132. Paricutin, Mexico

133. Nevada Del Ruiz, Colombia

134. Pacaya, Guatemala

135. Mount Vesuvius

136. Pompeii

137. Crater Lake