1. Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #6
UNIT 5: DYNAMIC EARTH

PACKET 6: PLATE TECTONICS, EARTHQUAKES & VOLCANOES
“I feel the Earth
move under my feet”
p.s. I’m Geno
HONORS EARTH SCIENCE
MS. GILL
NOTE PACKET #6
NAME:_______________________ PER:____ DATE:______
________
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2. Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #6
Vocabulary:
Asthenosphere
contact Metamorphism
Continental crust
Convergent
Crust
Density
Divergent
Down-warping
Dynamic Equilibrium
Earthquake epicenters
Earthquake magnitude
Earthquakes
Equilibrium
Faulting
Folding
Heat engines
Heat flow
Hot spots
Hydrosphere
Inner core
Island arcs
Lithospheric plates
Magma
Magnetic patterns
Mantle
Mid-ocean ridge
Oceanic crust
Outer core
Plate
Plate tectonics
Radioactive materials
Rate
Refraction
Residual heat
Rock cycle
seismic Waves
Static Equilibrium
Subduction zone
Tectonic forces
Transform
Trenches
Tsunamis
Velocity
Volcanoes
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3. Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #6
I. Earth’s Interior:
Four Layers (see page 10 of Ref Tables)
-__________________: solid, dense, 6,000º C,
Iron and Nickel
-__________________: Liquid, dense,
3,700º-5,500ºC (increases with depth), Iron and
Nickel
-__________________: Solid, minerals rich in Fe,
Si, Ma, 1,500º - 3,200º C
-__________________: upper layer, rigid, lighter
rock, <1,000ºC
QuickTimeª and a
Some terms to know:
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
- _______________________: Upper layer of
the mantle, may act in a semi-fluid (plastic) manner
- _________________: (Mohorovicic
Discontinuity): The boundary between the mantle
and the crust
- _______________________: Consists of the
crust and the rigid upper mantle
Where is the crust thickest?
______________________________
Where is the crust thinnest?
_______________________________
Why is the core so hot?
-Still retains heat from original formation.
-Radioactive materials releasing energy as they
decay.
-Increased pressure from above
What happens to rock density, going from the crust
to the core? ______________________
What happens to temperature, going from the crust
to the core? ______________________
What happens to pressure, going from the crust to
the core? ________________________
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4. Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #6
II. The Theory of Plate Tectonics:
The Earth’s lithosphere is made of a number of solid pieces , called ____________ which move in
relation to each other. These plates are “riding” on a more “plastic molten” layer below. This layer is
called the _____________________________.
Theory of Continental Drift:
A. Proposed by ___________ ____________ in 1915. It stated that the Earth’s continents separated and
collided as they have moved over the surface of the Earth for millions of years.
B. Wegener’s evidence for his theory:
1. When you line up _____________________ and ________________________ they appear to fit like
a puzzle.
2. ___________ species have been
found on widely separated parts of the Earth.
3. ___________________ and _______________________ have a good match of
ancient continental rocks and tectonic ____________ and ___________ structures.
4. Some mountain chains appear to be continuous from ___________________ to __________________
Ex. _____________________________ and ______________________________
5. Evidence of _________________ climates
Ex. _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
6. Rocks of the ocean basins are _________________________ then continental rocks.
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5. Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #6
A. The two major Pieces of evidence are for seafloor spreading are:
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
When rock hardened it kept the alignment forming a permanent record of the
______________________ ______________________ of the Earth at that time.
Rocks found farther from the ridges have a __________________ magnetic polarity.
Parallel stripes of ___________________ on either side of these ridges preserve
the record of many _____________________ of the Earth’s magnetic field.
B. The _____________________, ___________________ (basaltic) igneous rocks of the crust near the
ocean ridges are covered with a thin layer of _________________.
This is evidence that the Earth’s crust is very _________________ near the ridges. The oldest parts of
the ocean crust are found far from the _______________ ridges and near the ____________________.
Lithospheric plates _________________ in size and are made up of a combination of
_______________________ crust and _____________________________ crust.
II. Ocean Floor Spreading:
Further evidence of horizontal movement of Earth’s crust.
C. The ocean floor has a system of submerged mountain
ranges called
__________________________________________
_________________
Material from deep within the Earth comes to the
surface at the ________________
where is spreads apart to make __________
________________ ______________
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6. Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #6
Three kinds of plate motion occur at plate boundaries:
1.____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ______________________
There are three types of convergent boundaries:
1b. When two ocean plates converge
1a. When ocean collides with continent the the ____________,
____________________ ocean plate dives _______________ ocean plate will
_______________________
down under or ____________ into the mantle forming a forming an ___________________
________________ ________ ____________.
1c. When two continental plates converge the edges of _____________ are
crumpled up forming __________________ _____________________.
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7. Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #6
2. At _______________ plate boundaries, the plates move __________ and ___________
flows up forming parallel ridges made of ______ ______________ _____________
3. At transform plate boundaries, the plates move
________________ each other causing shallow
________________ ______________________.
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8. Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #6
I. Mantle Convection Cells:
The evidence shows that approximately _______ million years ago, the major continents
were_______________, and since that time they have been _________________.
A convection cell is a stream of heated material that is moving because of ___________
_________________. These convection cells exist in the part of the mantle called the
_______________________.
The two sources of this heat are:
1. ___________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________
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9. Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #6
Hot Spots:
Places on the Earth’s surface where plumes of ________________ are rising up from the
mantle not located along ________________ ______________ ________________.
As a plate passes over a hot spot, a __________ ___ ___________ _______________
Forms. The only mountain that _______________ ______________ is the mountain
located directly over the __________ _____________.
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