talk funded through 'inspired by 2012' programme, supported by RCUK and PODIUM, 2011 March.

4. a debate, but not just another one

5. Dr YannisPitsiladis Dr YannisPitsiladis is a Reader in Exercise Physiology at the Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences in the College of Medicine, Veterinary & Life Sciences at the University of Glasgow and founding member of the “International Centre for East African Running Science” (ICEARS) set up to investigate the determinants of the phenomenal success of east African distance runners in international athletics. Recent projects also include the study of elite sprinters from Jamaica and the USA and the study of world class swimmers (e.g., why are there very few black swimmers?). He is a Visiting Professor in Medical Physiology at Moi University (Eldoret, Kenya) and Addis Ababa University (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia). He is a member of the Scientific Commission of the International Sports Medicine Federation (FIMS, and a member of the List Committee of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). He is also a Fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). Nerve cells and fibers grow on a bioengineered scaffolding in the shape of the Olympic rings in a demonstration of technology that someday may help people with brain disorders and spinal cord injuries. The "living rings" measure about one-eigth-inch wide, UNIVERSITY OF UTAH

6. Francesca Steele Francesca Steele has performed and exhibited work nationally and internationally since graduating with a BA in Fine Art from Northumbria University. She was awarded the Belsay Hall Fellowship in 2006, and has spent time as an artist in residence in various sensitive research, medical and rehabilitation settings including The Centre for Life and PEALS, in Newcastle and Horticultural Healing (a rehabilitation project for clients with acquired brain injury) in Plymouth. Francesca has performed at Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art, Gateshead and Arnolfini, Bristol amongst other UK and international venues. Her work has been featured in a range of publications, most recently Marina Abramovic and the Future of Performance Art (Prestel 2010).Currently Francesca bodybuilds specifically as part of her arts practice. The preparation for her current work began in October of 2008, since that time Francesca has trained as a bodybuilder. She won the title of Miss Plymouth in September 2009 and Miss West Britain (Trained Figure) at the National Amateur Body Building Association (NABBA) competition in April 2010, in May of that year she placed in the top six at the British Finals. From these experiences she has continued to develop her arts practice, through video and live performance work. Notably Routine,which was performed at The Pigs of Today are the Hams of Tomorrow (January 2010) and then the National Review of Live Art in Glasgow (March 2010).

7. Science, Art & Philosophy (not just another doping debate)

8. 2007

9. anti-doping doesn’t work (In that it does not contribute to addressing the problem of substance misuse and it may not even catch cheats)

10. anti-doping really doesn’t work

11. 2005 AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS (2005) Policy Statement: Use of Performance-Enhancing Substances.Pediatrics, 115, 1103-1106.

12. 2005 Young men and women who are not competitive athletes but who are obsessed with body image and who train intensely primarily to improve their physique are also more likely to use performance- enhancing substances. Drug testing and legal sanctions are intended to be deterrents but have little effect on most children and adolescents involved in sports. With the prohibitive cost of testing and deficiencies associated with a detection based banned list, widespread drug testing of children and adolescents is unlikely to be effective or practical.

13. Sports must be seen as technologically constituted practices The reasons to permit enhancement are more persuasive than the arguments to restrict us Sports risk becoming redundant by failing to embrace enhancement practices

15. transhumanism is a philosophical theory of humanity

17. 2004

19. Of course the athlete is present and central

20. but the technology is intrinsic

21. artefacts body environment enhancement

24. www.andymiah.net

25. Hypoxic Chambers Stakeholder inquiry (2006)

26. The Demise of Anti-Doping & the Rise of Human Enhancement Ethics TED FRIEDMANN (WADA Gene Therapy) H. LEE SWEENEY (IGF-1 mice)

28. Maurice Greenecited in Longmann, NYT (2001) “What if you’re born with something having been done to you….You didn’t have anything to do with it” Johann Olav Kosscited in Associated Press (2001) “This is not only an issue for sport, it’s a broad ethical issue for human beings” Arthur C. Clarke, The Daily Telegraph (2001) “The impact of genetic modification will be profound....Athletics, for example, will be transformed. You'll have swimmers with webbed feet and built-in snorkels.” Francis Fukuyama, The Economist , (December, 2002) “Gene enhancement in sport will be the next big social, moral issue”

30. technology Is transforming how we make sense of human ability and disability

31. The Bionic Paralympian

33. The Bionic Paralympian: Oscar Pistorius ‘The fastest man on no legs’

36. what does this mean for the future of sport?

37. What are we sacrificing for this era? the illusion that sports performances are nature Genetic good/bad luck the world of black market doping Image by: Michael Burton