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A Model for Information Environments
A Five-Minute Summary for the “Reframe IA” Workshop
IA Summit Baltimore MD | 2013


Andrew Hinton | @inkblurt
Information Architect |The Understanding Group (TUG)
ANDREW HINTON
                           A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS




                                                                          What do we mean by
                                                                     “ Information Environment” ??




Notes: For over a decade, the community that calls this conference home has defined
information architecture as, in part, "the structural design of shared information environments,"
yet we still lack a consensus for what we mean by that phrase.

                               REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
                               A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
ANDREW HINTON
                         A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS




Notes: This has contributed in many ways to a years-long circular discourse about what IA is
and does, preventing IA from having a central, shared domain as a community of practice that
can properly evolve into a full-fledged discipline.

                             REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
                             A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
ANDREW HINTON
                          A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS




                                                                        YOU ARE NOT
                                                                        YOUR F***ING
                                                                        WIREFRAMES.



Notes: It has also contributed to the perception of IA as a bucket of methods one can learn in a
day-long workshop, or as a narrow specialization for fussy card-catalogers, or worse yet a
backward vocation for wireframe fetishists. Image: Fight Club

                              REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
                              A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
ANDREW HINTON
                                A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS




Notes: I contend that, rather than a fuzzily meaningless phrase of weasel-words, “information
environment” is a sound concept that only requires more effort on our part to fully articulate
and develop into a real foundation for understanding our medium.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mustela_nivalis_-British_Wildlife_Centre-4.jpg


                                      REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
                                      A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
ANDREW HINTON
                          A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS




               START
               HERE

Notes: Rather than starting with technology and information theory, I believe IA’s best value
comes from starting with deeper, core layers of perception, cognition, and language – the
slower moving foundations underneath the areas of typical focus.
                              REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
                              A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
ANDREW HINTON
                          A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS




Notes: I should point out that these ideas borrow from a movement some have called “radical
embodied cognition theory” that seeks to replace conventional cognitive science. Embodied
cognition argues that cognition is a whole-body perceptual system, with the brain in a supporting
role.
                              REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
                              A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
ANDREW HINTON
                 A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS

                                                                   Notes: The model outlines three
                                                                   modes for how we experience
                                                                   information: ecological, semantic,
                                                                   and digital. Let me be clear that this
         People communicating with people.                         is not an academic definition of
                                                                   information, or a comprehensive
                                                                   model. It’s offered as a pragmatic
                   Semantic                                        step toward something we can use
                                                                   in practice.


                                                                                   Digital

                  Ecological                                            10100010
                                                                        01001000
                                                                                         10100010
                                                                                         01001000
                                                                        01110011         01110011

                                                                   Digital systems transmitting to
                                                                    & receiving from other digital
                                                                               systems.




Animals (including people) perceiving the environment.

                     REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
                     A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
ANDREW HINTON
                 A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS

                                                                   Notes: The ecological mode has to
                                                                   do with the relationship an animal
                                                                   has with its so-called physical
                                                                   environment. It’s the intrinsic,
         People communicating with people.                         structural information we perceive in
                                                                   the surfaces and objects of nature
                                                                   and the built environment.
                   Semantic

                                                                                   Digital

                  Ecological                                            10100010
                                                                        01001000
                                                                                         10100010
                                                                                         01001000
                                                                        01110011         01110011

                                                                   Digital systems transmitting to
                                                                    & receiving from other digital
                                                                               systems.




Animals (including people) perceiving the environment.

                     REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
                     A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
ANDREW HINTON
                           A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS




Notes: This mode is based on the perception science of ecological psychologist James J
Gibson. It posits that cognition comes from bodily perception of intrinsic information about
affordances “picked up” from the structural qualities of our environment.


                               REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
                               A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
ANDREW HINTON
                           A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS



                   AFFORDANCE = INFORMATION IN THE ENVIRONMENT
                     SPECIFYING AFFORDANCE FOR BODILY ACTION




Notes: In fact, Gibson is the originator of the concept of “affordance” – an idea that has been
popularized and appropriated inaccurately since Gibson’s final work in the 1970s. Gibson
believed all perception to be perception of environmental affordances.

                               REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
                               A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
ANDREW HINTON
A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS




                    Notes: This is rich work that is impossible to fully
                    explain in a five-minute summary. But I believe it to be
                    essential for us, because I believe an embodied
                    understanding of ecological information to be the first
                    principle upon which everything else rests.

   REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
   A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
ANDREW HINTON
                 A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS

                                                                   Notes: The second mode for
                                                                   information is “semantic.” This is
                                                                   information we pick up from
                                                                   language for communication
         People communicating with people.                         between people. It includes oral
                                                                   speech, and written text, as well as
                                                                   graphical communication such as
                   Semantic                                        pictures, maps, icons, and
                                                                   diagrams.


                                                                                   Digital

                  Ecological                                            10100010
                                                                        01001000
                                                                                         10100010
                                                                                         01001000
                                                                        01110011         01110011

                                                                   Digital systems transmitting to
                                                                    & receiving from other digital
                                                                               systems.




Animals (including people) perceiving the environment.

                     REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
                     A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
ANDREW HINTON
                          A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS




            LANGUAGE
                IS
           ENVIRONMENT
Notes: Language itself is not information. It is environment. Our cognition perceives language by
using exapted mechanisms that evolved from ecological perception of the physical world, as birds
evolved to exapt warming feathers for flight.

                             REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
                              A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
ANDREW HINTON
                          A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS




          LANGUAGE
            MAKES
         ARCHITECTURE
Notes: The semantic mode is what we tend to focus on for information architecture practice. But
what’s often missing is the realization that by creating and connecting labels – “mere language” –
we’re actually creating architecture.

                              REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
                              A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
ANDREW HINTON
                          A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS




     LANGUAGE
         IS
  INFRASTRUCTURE
Notes: That is because language is infrastructure. And we create inhabited environments with it –
whether through conversations, games, corporate structures, or even government-defining
constitutions. Not to mention software.

                              REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
                              A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
ANDREW HINTON
                         A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS




                                            LABEL


                LABEL
                                                                                LABEL



                                    RULES



                                                                           LABEL
                           LABEL




Notes: Information architecture works with written and visual language in the form of labels,
connections and rules, to create inhabited structures, and bring sense-making and place-making
to our environment.

                             REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
                             A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
ANDREW HINTON
                 A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS

                                                                   Notes: The third mode, Digital
                                                                   information is the coded symbols
                                                                   and rules made for (and even by)
                                                                   machines to communicate with
         People communicating with people.                         machines. This is a mode we
                                                                   normally don’t experience directly,
                                                                   but mainly in its effects on the
                   Semantic                                        ecological and semantic modes.



                                                                                   Digital

                  Ecological                                            10100010
                                                                        01001000
                                                                                         10100010
                                                                                         01001000
                                                                        01110011         01110011

                                                                   Digital systems transmitting to
                                                                    & receiving from other digital
                                                                               systems.




Animals (including people) perceiving the environment.

                     REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
                     A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
ANDREW HINTON
                          A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS




Notes: Pervasive digital information technology has
disrupted the previously invariant affordances in which
we evolved. This has made necessary an explicit,
sophisticated attention to how language functions as
environment.

                              REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
                              A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
ANDREW HINTON
                          A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS




        DIGITAL




     SEMANTIC




  ECOLOGICAL




Notes: In all, this model is a step toward re-framing information architecture as environmental
architecture of the semantic landscape, with knowledgeable attention to the ecological and digital
modes and their interdependencies.

                              REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
                              A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
ANDREW HINTON
                          A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS


     INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE




        DIGITAL




     SEMANTIC




  ECOLOGICAL




Notes: This frame frees IA from the trappings of specific techniques and technologies. Instead it
more clearly positions IA where I believe it has always been: as architecture for an essential
dimension of our shared reality.
                              REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
                               A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
ANDREW HINTON
A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS




           Andrew Hinton
           andrewhinton.com | @inkblurt
           TUG | understandinggroup.org
           For the full “position paper” in PDF form:
           http://inkblurt.com/media/Hinton_IAS_reframe_wo
           rkshop2013.pdf

           Ideas from this short talk adapted from an in-
           progress book on how information creates and
           shapes context.
           http://www.inkblurt.com/contextbook/




   REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
   A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE

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A Model for Information Environments - Reframe IA Workshop 2013

  • 1. A Model for Information Environments A Five-Minute Summary for the “Reframe IA” Workshop IA Summit Baltimore MD | 2013 Andrew Hinton | @inkblurt Information Architect |The Understanding Group (TUG)
  • 2. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS What do we mean by “ Information Environment” ?? Notes: For over a decade, the community that calls this conference home has defined information architecture as, in part, "the structural design of shared information environments," yet we still lack a consensus for what we mean by that phrase. REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
  • 3. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS Notes: This has contributed in many ways to a years-long circular discourse about what IA is and does, preventing IA from having a central, shared domain as a community of practice that can properly evolve into a full-fledged discipline. REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
  • 4. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS YOU ARE NOT YOUR F***ING WIREFRAMES. Notes: It has also contributed to the perception of IA as a bucket of methods one can learn in a day-long workshop, or as a narrow specialization for fussy card-catalogers, or worse yet a backward vocation for wireframe fetishists. Image: Fight Club REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
  • 5. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS Notes: I contend that, rather than a fuzzily meaningless phrase of weasel-words, “information environment” is a sound concept that only requires more effort on our part to fully articulate and develop into a real foundation for understanding our medium. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mustela_nivalis_-British_Wildlife_Centre-4.jpg REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
  • 6. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS START HERE Notes: Rather than starting with technology and information theory, I believe IA’s best value comes from starting with deeper, core layers of perception, cognition, and language – the slower moving foundations underneath the areas of typical focus. REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
  • 7. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS Notes: I should point out that these ideas borrow from a movement some have called “radical embodied cognition theory” that seeks to replace conventional cognitive science. Embodied cognition argues that cognition is a whole-body perceptual system, with the brain in a supporting role. REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
  • 8. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS Notes: The model outlines three modes for how we experience information: ecological, semantic, and digital. Let me be clear that this People communicating with people. is not an academic definition of information, or a comprehensive model. It’s offered as a pragmatic Semantic step toward something we can use in practice. Digital Ecological 10100010 01001000 10100010 01001000 01110011 01110011 Digital systems transmitting to & receiving from other digital systems. Animals (including people) perceiving the environment. REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
  • 9. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS Notes: The ecological mode has to do with the relationship an animal has with its so-called physical environment. It’s the intrinsic, People communicating with people. structural information we perceive in the surfaces and objects of nature and the built environment. Semantic Digital Ecological 10100010 01001000 10100010 01001000 01110011 01110011 Digital systems transmitting to & receiving from other digital systems. Animals (including people) perceiving the environment. REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
  • 10. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS Notes: This mode is based on the perception science of ecological psychologist James J Gibson. It posits that cognition comes from bodily perception of intrinsic information about affordances “picked up” from the structural qualities of our environment. REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
  • 11. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS AFFORDANCE = INFORMATION IN THE ENVIRONMENT SPECIFYING AFFORDANCE FOR BODILY ACTION Notes: In fact, Gibson is the originator of the concept of “affordance” – an idea that has been popularized and appropriated inaccurately since Gibson’s final work in the 1970s. Gibson believed all perception to be perception of environmental affordances. REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
  • 12. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS Notes: This is rich work that is impossible to fully explain in a five-minute summary. But I believe it to be essential for us, because I believe an embodied understanding of ecological information to be the first principle upon which everything else rests. REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
  • 13. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS Notes: The second mode for information is “semantic.” This is information we pick up from language for communication People communicating with people. between people. It includes oral speech, and written text, as well as graphical communication such as Semantic pictures, maps, icons, and diagrams. Digital Ecological 10100010 01001000 10100010 01001000 01110011 01110011 Digital systems transmitting to & receiving from other digital systems. Animals (including people) perceiving the environment. REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
  • 14. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS LANGUAGE IS ENVIRONMENT Notes: Language itself is not information. It is environment. Our cognition perceives language by using exapted mechanisms that evolved from ecological perception of the physical world, as birds evolved to exapt warming feathers for flight. REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
  • 15. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS LANGUAGE MAKES ARCHITECTURE Notes: The semantic mode is what we tend to focus on for information architecture practice. But what’s often missing is the realization that by creating and connecting labels – “mere language” – we’re actually creating architecture. REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
  • 16. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS LANGUAGE IS INFRASTRUCTURE Notes: That is because language is infrastructure. And we create inhabited environments with it – whether through conversations, games, corporate structures, or even government-defining constitutions. Not to mention software. REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
  • 17. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS LABEL LABEL LABEL RULES LABEL LABEL Notes: Information architecture works with written and visual language in the form of labels, connections and rules, to create inhabited structures, and bring sense-making and place-making to our environment. REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
  • 18. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS Notes: The third mode, Digital information is the coded symbols and rules made for (and even by) machines to communicate with People communicating with people. machines. This is a mode we normally don’t experience directly, but mainly in its effects on the Semantic ecological and semantic modes. Digital Ecological 10100010 01001000 10100010 01001000 01110011 01110011 Digital systems transmitting to & receiving from other digital systems. Animals (including people) perceiving the environment. REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
  • 19. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS Notes: Pervasive digital information technology has disrupted the previously invariant affordances in which we evolved. This has made necessary an explicit, sophisticated attention to how language functions as environment. REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
  • 20. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS DIGITAL SEMANTIC ECOLOGICAL Notes: In all, this model is a step toward re-framing information architecture as environmental architecture of the semantic landscape, with knowledgeable attention to the ecological and digital modes and their interdependencies. REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
  • 21. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE DIGITAL SEMANTIC ECOLOGICAL Notes: This frame frees IA from the trappings of specific techniques and technologies. Instead it more clearly positions IA where I believe it has always been: as architecture for an essential dimension of our shared reality. REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE
  • 22. ANDREW HINTON A MODEL FOR INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS Andrew Hinton andrewhinton.com | @inkblurt TUG | understandinggroup.org For the full “position paper” in PDF form: http://inkblurt.com/media/Hinton_IAS_reframe_wo rkshop2013.pdf Ideas from this short talk adapted from an in- progress book on how information creates and shapes context. http://www.inkblurt.com/contextbook/ REFRAMING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE A ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP AT THE IA SUMMIT 2013 - BALTIMORE