A Participatory and Collaborative Perspective (Part 1 of 2

A PC perspective A PC perspective

Culture Atlas Infrastructure:
A Participatory and Collaborative
Perspective (Part 1 of 2)
If the Web is to be seen
as the major platform for
The PNC 2006 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings
August 15-18,2006,the Seoul National University Library,
15- building
Seoul, Korea
the next generation
Andrea Wei-Ching Huang and Tyng-Ruey Chuang
Wei- Tyng-
Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica Culture Atlas,
Taipei, Taiwan
2
Huang & Chuang, 2006


concrete
There are some
s •What is the Culture Atlas
•What will the Culture Atlas

questions be?

Why & How What & Who
needed to be addressed,
especially in the
infrastructure stage.
conceptual
3 4
Huang & Chuang, 2006 Huang & Chuang, 2006


@ ECAI/CAA Conference, April 18-19, 2006
Ruth Mostern answered the question: “What is a Cultural Atlas?”

“Maybe
‘historical GIS’ is for
Culture Atlas Historical GIS
researchers
and
‘cultural atlases’ are for
a user public.”
5 6


Borrowing from the libertarian's and
public science researcher’s perspectives,
reasons are:
• Will the Culture Atlas Infrastructure add (1)for the limitation of time, money and human
one more layer as “the user-generated resource there is still plenty of space which
academic field haven’t fulfilled
content” layer?
layer (hope after this presentation the answer will be the positive)

(2)the desire for the freedom of knowledge
• Why this layer is important for the
Krowne, A (2003) Building a digital Library the Commons-based Peer Production Way,
Culture Atlas ? D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 9, No.10

(The shortest answer for this question is: Because now is the Age of PC. (3)Now it’s time to face the challenge of
The more details will be illustrated below)
moving from Intellectual Property to
Intellectual Commons: reducing control over
proprietary information in a highly distributed, volunteer
and open environment
Uhlir, P.F. (2003) Re-intermediation in the Republic of
7 Science: Moving from intellectual property to 8
intellectual commons. Information Services & Use,
Huang & Chuang, 2006 Huang & Chuang, 2006 No.23, 63-66


Last Year: : we try to give a general picture showing that
there’s a trend toward People, Place, and Participation …
Online Community Mapping

9 10


concrete
Based on the study “Online Community •What is (will) the Culture
Atlas (be)?
Mapping”, a considerable development in
the level of understanding two essential
components : Why & How What & Who
Participation and Collaboration in •Who are the
geospatial domain is on demand participants/contributors?
•What motivate them to
(In this study we put in a picture as participate?

the emerging PC phenomena).
phenomena conceptual
11 12


a mixture of P-phrases a mixture of C-phrases

Platform” ,
s a whole “P
Web 2.0 =the Web a tion Commons-ba
of Participa sed peer prod
Architecture uction” (CBPP
)
Personal and Participatory Media Computer-mediated Computer system
A permanent link Computer Collective intelligence
ing” , supported Community
Participatory Journalism “Personal Publish = “Permalink
Permalink” Communication (CMC) Collaborative Publishing
“Photo sharing”, Collaborative Communi- Computer–mediated Community;
Pro-sumer =
Pro- “Ping a blog”= a
Ping Computer-supported
“Post online activities”, cation tools,
Network Community;
producer + consumer Tracback Collaboration (CSC) Web-based Community;
“Podcasting”, Co- authoring Tools Online Community ;
lications Community-based
Public/Participatory GIS “Peer- to-Peer” app
Public/ Collaborative Filtering Virtual Community ;
communication;
Public Empowerment
mpowerment
Peer Production Cyber-Community ;
IT-enable Community;
Community-driven services IT supported Community
Participatory Research
Research
The Age of Participation t i ve
Crea ons
m
The Economist, 13 Com 14
Huang & Chuang, 2006 Apr 2006 Huang & Chuang, 2006


concrete
•What is (will) the Culture
Atlas (be)?

Why & How What & Who
•Who are the
participants/contributors?
•What motivate them to
participate?

conceptual
15 16


Motivations concrete
the analysis of Wei (2006) and the 2006 Pew Internet & American Life
Project survey on blogsphere •What is (will) the Culture
Atlas (be)?
•pursuing for meaningful sharing
•social networking Why & How What & Who
Other Reasoning: lessons from the success of OSS movement

Individual reasons Social networking •What’s the value of •Who are the contributors?
user-generated content? •What motivate them?
“scratching programmer’s itch”, earning by sharing, battling with the joint
“technically cool” or “the art and beauty of rival (like Linux community V.S. Microsoft),
clean code”, ego-boosting of themselves sharing identity and belief systems within
and gaining reputations from others communities, or building relationships and
toward a better job pay future, These are
further empirically verified by the leverage
socializing. conceptual
of creativity and intellectual stimulation.
17 18


Value of user-generated content Geospatial Perspective (continued)
3. Last year we talked about
• Media perspectives
Please refer to the full
• Social Perspectives analysis in the full paper
• Economic Perspectives
• Geospatial Perspective
1. Empirically findings show that most internet interaction
occurs in the situation where people live within an
hour’s drive (after Wellman and Haase’s citation, 2001)

2. for most travellers the restaurant reviews by local
citizens are more valuable than others’ comments (Figallo
and Rhine, 2001). 19 20


And also in theory,
In this year, we find that participatory research
• the common-sense geography of the world has been
common- (1) Mapping is one of the best
identified empirically by the recent online mapping participatory techniques.
services especially in the case of Google, Yahoo and
Microsoft. (2)It also offers participants a way to
their self-representation.
(1) The leading business magazine, Forbes, has chosen the Google (3)Tool for interrelationship
map mashu-up as one of the Web’s promising user-sharing trend
application
(4)Contribute to community projects
(2)ESRI (1969-2006) - one million users in 200 countries (5)Capacity building
Google Map/Earth (2006) - one hundred million users in less a ---
-----------------------------------------year’s release

21 22


concrete Problems :
•What’s the problems of •What is (will) the Culture 1. Content Accuracy & Completeness
user participation? Atlas (be)?
•How to make P&C work? 2. Contributor Accountability (identity deception,
online trust, trolls, flame-warriors, lamer)

Why & How What & Who 3. Motivations & Incentives:
WHY NOT PARTICIPATE
•What’s the value of •Who are the contributors? (1) no need (2) want to know more information about the group/community
user-generated content? •What motivate them? before participating (3) not confident enough to participate (4) poor
usability of the software design (5)socially do not match the specific
community culture. (Preece. et. Al.,2004)
(1)Busy, No time (2)Hostile atmosphere and low quality conversation (3)
conceptual Just want to “listen” because I am unqualified. (4) Prefer to “listen” for
information. (Wei,2006)
23 24


In contrast to the Me-Participation

If the Culture Atlas is going type, the We-Collaboration is
more toward many-to-many forms,
community-driven orientation as
well as collaborative authoring
to adopt the concept of paradigms.
participation & collaboration,
the implications from the
existing PC mechanisms
design offer a general picture This is the major
implication for the
to look after. Culture Atlas
Infrastructure.
25 26


Collaboration tools Technical Mechanisms
• The RSS way 1. small independent and manageable modularity
2. flexible and transparent devices
• The Blog way 3. revision-control software
• The Wiki way 4. bug-reporting databases
• Social tagging 5. computer-mediated communications (record-keeping
for consensus)
• Social bookmarking 6. governance structures (support asynchronous
communication and decision-making) which support
distributed development and management

Learn from the success of OSS
http://www.programmableweb.com/matrixall
27 28


Policy & Social Mechanisms concrete
1. Openness Design •What’s the problems of •What is (will) the Culture
user participation? Atlas (be)?
2. Trust Enabling & Consensus building •How to make P&C work?
Reputation mechanism: Karma in Slashdot, XP in Everything2
Online Community Responsibility System Why & How What & who
3. Online community Framework de Souzqa, C.S. &
Preece, J (2004)
•What’s the value of •Who are the contributors?
user-generated content? •What motivate them?

conceptual
29 30

Cultural Atlas Infrastructure:
Trends: Geospatial Tools
A Participatory and Collaborative
Perspective (Part 2 of 2) • Moved to Web-based systems.
• Built with and released as open source
At The PNC 2006 Annual Conference
in Conjunction with PRDLA and ECAI
software.
Andrea Wei-Ching Huang
• Operated as web services.
Tyng-Ruey Chuang • Mixed with personal digital devices and
A joint work of the social software: cell phone, camera,
Open Geospatial Information Team
Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica
GPS, etc.; blog, wiki, social tagging, etc.
Taipei, Taiwan

Trends: Geospatial Data Trends: Geospatial Users
• “Standard” data format: GML, SVG, • From elite to the mass: personal and
GeoRSS, “KML”, etc. group communication in daily life.
• “Open” access to geo-data: Satellite • User-contributed geospatial data.
images, topographic maps,
gazetteers, community data, etc. • Collaborative authoring and mapping.
• Heterogeneous data sources. • Rights arrangement and licensing of
• Public licensing of geo-data. collective works.

Personal Attachment to Places, Not Locations!
Places, Not Locations (1/4)

Places, Not Locations (2/4) Places, Not Locations (3/4)

Places, Not Locations (4/4)
Place Names in Cultural Atlas
• Where do the place names come from?
Authoritative gazetteers? Communities? You?
• Many kinds of place names:
– “Seoul National University” …
Established for a long time and known to many people.
– The “Epicurean Café” at Orchid Island …
Known to some people; the place is here now but maybe
gone tomorrow; frequent name change.
– “my favorite snorkeling spot” at Orchid Island
Know only to a few; nameless places with special meaning
to selves.

Web3P: A Web of Place, People, Web3P Architecture
and Participation

• Place: Web presentations of places,
enriched with satellite images, topographic
maps, geospatial features, gazetteers, etc.
• People: Allowing places to be annotated with
user-generated data.
• Participation: Enabling group annotations
and communications.

Web3P Implementation
• Built with tools that are free and
interoperable: SVG map viewer,
MapServer, RSS, “trackback”, etc.
• Each place has a unique URL; URLs can PlaceMap:
be annotated and tagged by users. An SVG-
based visual
• Annotations are syndicated as RSS browser for
feeds. places.

• PlaceDB: in need of a beter data model.

AnnoTag:
Users
RSS access
attach
to user
annotations
annotations.
to places in
PlaceMap.

Open Geospatial Information Team at the
Institute of information Science,
Academia Sinica, Taiwan:
Chin-Lung Chang,
Yi-Hong Chang,
Thank you
Tyng-Ruey Chuang,
Dong-Po Deng,
Andrea Wei-Ching Huang,
for your attention!
Chia-Hsin Huang.

Contact:
Tyng-Ruey Chuang
Institute of Information Science
Academia Sinica
Nangang 115, Taipei City, Taiwan

trc@iis.sinica.edu.tw

A Participatory and Collaborative Perspective (Part 1 of 2

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A Participatory and Collaborative Perspective (Part 1 of 2