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2. HUMAN RIGHTS

3.  INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN
RIGHTS
 DEFENITION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
 EVOLUTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
 CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN
RIGHTS

4.  Human rights are fundamental to the stability
and development of countries all around the
world. Great emphasis has been placed on
international conventions and their
implementation in order to ensure adherence to
a universal standard of acceptability.
 With the advent of globalization and the
introduction of new technology, these principles
gain importance not only in protecting human
beings from the ill-effects of change but also in
ensuring that all are allowed a share of the
benefits.

5.  However the efficancy of the mechanisms in
place today has been questioned in the light of
blatant human rights violations and disregard for
basic human dignity in nearly all countries in one
or more forms.
 In many cases, those who are to blame cannot be
brought to book because of political
considerations, power equations etc. When such
violations are allowed to go unchecked, they
often increase in frequency and intensity usually
because perpetrators feel that they enjoy
immunity from punishment.

6.  Human rights are the rights a person has
simply because he or she is a human being
 Human Rights are the basic entitlements to
be met for individuals to live with dignity

7.  Human dignity
 Universality
 Inalienability
 Indivisibility

8.  The International Labour Organization (1919)
aim: oversee treaties protecting workers
 The League of Nations (1919)
aim: international peace and cooperation
 The United Nations (1945)
aim: cooperation in international law, international
security, economic development, human rights

9. Consists of:
 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(1948)
 The International Covenant on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights (1966)
 The International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights (1966)

10.  On December 10, 1948
the General Assembly of
the United Nations
adopted and proclaimed
the Universal Declaration
of Human Rights

11.  Civil Rights
 Political Rights
 Economic Rights
 Social Rights
 Cultural Rights

12.  Civil rights include the ensuring of people’s
physical integrity and safety.
 Protection from discrimination on grounds
such as physical or mental disability, gender,
religion, race, national origin, age, status as a
member of the uniformed services, sexual
orientation, or gender identity.
 Individual rights such as privacy, the
freedoms of thought and conscience, speech
and expression, religion, the press, and
movement.

13.  Political rights include natural justice
(procedural fairness) in law, such as the
rights of the accused, including the right to a
fair trial;due process;
 the right to seek redress or a legal remedy;
 rights of participation in civil society and
politics such as freedom of association
 the right to assemble, the right to petition,
the right of self-defense, and the right to
vote.

14.  Economic, social and cultural rights are socio-
economic human rights, such as the right to
education, right to housing, right to adequate
standard of living and the right to health.
 Economic, social and cultural rights are
recognized and protected in international and
regional human rights instruments.
 Member states have a legal obligation to
respect, protect and fullfil economic, social and
cultural rights and are expected to take
"progressive action" towards their fullfilment.