DEV meet-up UiPath Document Understanding May 7 2024 Amsterdam
Agile + Lean Startup principles + Lean UX -> How to make it all work together!
1. Agile, Lean & Lean UX
- How to make it all work together!
2. AMRITA AVIYENTE
Founder/CEO, UX Strategy & Design Lead
Date My Wardrobe
Education
BIT, MS IT, MS HFID (Human Factors
in Information Design)
Work Experience
Software Engineer -> 7+ years at
Fidelity Investments (Boston, MA)
UX Research Associate -> User
Experience Center (Bentley
University, MA)
Passion
Tennis, Cricket, Reading, Traveling
Email: amrita@datemywardrobe.com
Twitter: @amrita_ux
Website: www.AmritaAviyente.com
www.DateMyWardrobe.com
9. Waterfall/Agile
Waterfall
A lot of documentation
Sequential
Well Known Req
Infrequent Releases
Agile
Limited documentation
Iterative/Incremental
Req not well known
Frequent Releases
AGILE
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10. Releases
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AGILE
Release
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4
Iteration 1 Iteration 2
Day 1:
Iteration
Kickoff Day 1:
Iteration
Kickoff
Last Day:
Retrospective,
Demo
Last Day:
Retrospective,
Demo
22. … a set of practices & principles
aimed at building, testing and
releasing software faster and more
frequently!
Continuous Delivery
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AGILE
25. Lean Startup Concepts
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LEAN
Lean Manufacturing: originated in Japan with Toyota
Production System
Lean is a set of tools that assist in identification &
elimination of waste. As waste is eliminated, quality
improves and cost is reduced.
Validated Learning – Business plans have a set of
assumptions which must be validated as early as
possible
26. Lean Startup Concepts
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LEAN
Customer Development: Exercise you go through to find the
product-market fit
Get out of the Building (GOOB) – Observe the users in real
environments
Customer Archetype – based on the data gathered. You
need to validate your assumptions for this customer
Value Hypothesis – Does the product/service deliver value to
customers
Growth Hypothesis – Test how new customers will discover
the product/service
28. Minimum Viable Product
(MVP)
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LEAN
Build
o Smallest version to test your hypothesis
o Requires least amount of effort and development time
o Lacks many features
o Prototyping plays an important role in building MVP
Measure
o Get feedback – most importantly – act on it!
Learn
o Learning Milestones
29. Minimum Viable Product
(MVP)
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LEAN
MVP Rule
o Remove any feature, process, or effort that does not contribute directly to the
learning you seek
Pivot
o Change in course/strategy
o Can lead to more significant growth
o Requires a lot of courage
Post MVP/CMVP
o Decision: Pivot or preserve!
When to Pivot?
o If hypothesis proven to be false, pivot now. Save effort, time and money
30. Concierge MVP
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LEAN
CMVP (Concierge Minimum Viable Product):
o MVP where you manually guide your user through the solution to
a problem
o Short term solution to help you learn how to solve a customers
problem
o Mainly used for invalidating company’s growth model
o Helps decide when pivot is needed
o Can happen even if initial MVP is successful
o E.g.: Manual delivery of coupons (before building software)
32. What features to add in MVP (mobile payment app)?
Merchant App
o Accept Payments through smart phone
Customer App
o Register
o Add Credit card
o Make Payment
Don’t worry about-
Transaction History (merchant app)
Social Media check-in (consumer app)
Etc.!
Back to Scenario
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34. Zappos (online shoe retailer)
o Founder Nick Swinmurn
o It is better to observe real customer behavior rather than ask
hypothetical questions
Date My Wardrobe (P2P wardrobe sharing service)
o Started with shoe share service idea
More Lean Examples
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35. LEAN
MVP
Fail quickly and cheaply on order to succeed
Build-Measure-Learn
Pivot
Don’t wait for the product to be built in order to learn
Observe the customer behavior rather than ask what they
want. Many times they may not know what they want
Lean Startup Recap
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38. Design Thinking
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LEANUX
“Design thinking is a discipline that uses the designer’s
sensibility and methods to match people’s needs with what is
technologically feasible and what a viable business strategy
can convert into customer value and market opportunity”
- Tim Brown (CEO, IDEO)
Take a “people first” approach, imagine desirable solutions
Ideation, prototyping, implementation and learning steps
Solution focused approach to problem solving
40. Role of Prototyping in
Lean UX
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LEANUX
“Lean UX is where Prototyping shines”
- Jeff Gothelf (UX Designer and Author-Lean UX:
Applying Lean Principles to Improve User Experience)
Allows the designer to build the product experience putting in
minimum amount of effort and iterate based on feedback.
Choose the right tool for prototyping based on what is to be
learned from the MVP
Fidelity Tool
Paper Prototype Paper
Clickable Wireframes – Low OmniGraffle, MS Visio
Medium Axure RP, Adobe Illustrator
High Code
41. What are the similarities/differences between UCD (User
Centered Design) and LeanUX?
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Q
42. UCD/Lean UX
UCD
Learn from users
No Agile concepts
No Validating Hypothesis
No way to measure design
outcomes
LeanUX
Learn from users
+ Agile concepts
Validating Hypothesis
Measure design outcomes
LEANUX
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Lean UX = UCD + agile + lean
43. Lean UX/AgileLEANUX
@amrita_ux Lean UX is Agile
Cross Functional Teams
o Developers, designers, product owners work together
o Greater accountability + faster design process
Limited Documentation
o Enough to communicate the design
o Since requirements may change, easier to manage
documentation
45. LEAN UX is Data Driven
Don’t assume that a new design/feature is better than what
came before
Test Everything
You can’t learn if you don’t measure!
Example – Facebook registration process
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LEANUX
46. LEANUX
Lean UX
o Look at a product as a set of hypothesis (rather than a set of
features)
o Lean UX is not about adding features. It is about
understanding customers problems and validating if you are
correct.
Validate
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IDEA DESIGN
PRODUC
T
Validate Validate
47. LEANUX
Landing Page Test – Have a landing page
• Signup button (e.g. to get an early signup)
o Tool: Launchrock
o Drive traffic using AdWords, Facebook Ads
Show people real product (or close!)
o User Interviews
User Research for
Validation
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48. LEANUX
When
o Great to understand detailed motivations towards a particular design
o Conversation needed (not finite answers)
o Environment independent
o A few users available
Structure
o Structured (closed questions), Unstructured (open-ended Q), Semi-structured
(mix of both)
Facilitator Tips
o Interact informally (to keep it comfortable)
o Observe the user
o Let the user think (silence is acceptable)
o Come back on track if user distracted
o Use mod guide (moderator’s guide) as a guide (not a rule)
o Restate when necessary
User Research -
Interviews
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49. LEANUX
What is important?
o Contradictory info to your research
o What frustrates the user
o Feedback on design and future ideas
Note: watch for body language
Remote?
o Acceptable if environment doesn't play a role
o Tool: Facetime, Skype, Hangouts, Webex
User interviews are a great way to incorporate user insights into
the product/service requirements
Interviews
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50. What
o Surveys for large amounts of data
o Can be administered online or offline
o Can be complex (based on how many results you get)
o Good way to observe trends
o Iterative - Good to get survey reviewed by someone
o It’s OK to pilot the survey with smaller set of users
When to use?
o Answers are finite (conversation not required)
o Large amounts of data needed
User Research - Surveys
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LEANUX
51. LEANUX
How?
o Write clearly, focus on data needed from users
o Whether MCQ format or free text responses are needed
Tools
o Web-based (Survey Monkey), emails, paper based
Format
o < 5 minutes, set expectations
o Include subject of survey, purpose and your contact information
o Better to have multiple surveys of smaller length than have one
long survey
Surveys
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52. LEANUX
What?
o Study of a person or a group through OBSERVATION
o Information is recorded from different vantage points
o Minimal or no interaction, focus on observation. Can have follow-
up interaction
When?
o Complex domain
o Study the real environment
Look for?
o Terminology (new), frustrations, inefficiencies, challenges
User Research -
Ethnography
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53. LEANUX
If your product/service doesn’t have any competitors, go do more
research!
Competitor Testing
o Run a usability test for a competitor product/service (alone or with
your product)
o You are not fixing their mistakes. Make sure you don’t make them.
Landing Page Goal – To convert visitors to users
o A/B test – to see which landing page is doing best
o fivesecondtest.com – To get feedback on your landing page.
Focus on Branding, Messaging & Call To Action
Never give a guided tour to the user during testing (e.g. while
showing a prototype)
User Research
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54. Lean UX Recap
Lean UX
o Lean UX is about validating hypothesis
o Lean UX is User Centered
o Lean UX is Agile
o Lean UX is Data Driven – Think of Metrics
o Lean UX fast and cheap (sometimes) –Think of Waste
o Lean UX is Iterative (always) – Think of MVP
User Research
o Interviews
o Surveys
o Ethnography
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LEANUX
55. LEANUX NYC 2013LEANUX
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“There are no best practices for Lean UX. We are dealing with unknown unknowns.
The land of innovation -Will Evans (Director-
UX, TLCLabs)
Don’t listen to users, instead watch their behavior
- Tomer Sharon (Author, “It’s Our Research”, Sr. UX
Researcher, Google)
Your user is a person. Treat them like one! (Use natural language)
-Bill Beard – Creative Director of Copy (TheLadders)
Designers are expected to be perfect all the time. And agile doesn’t work that way.
Designers must adopt a sustainable pace (instead of coping with Agile)
- Jonathan Berger -
Designer/Developer (Pivotal Labs)
Nothing kills a new idea faster than common sense
- Luke Williams (Exec Director, Berkley Center for Entrepreneurship
and Innovation)
Good UX = Good Business
57. AMRITA AVIYENTE
Founder/CEO, UX Strategy & Design Lead
Date My Wardrobe
Thank You!
Email: amrita@datemywardrobe.com
Twitter: @amrita_ux
Website: www.amritaaviyente.com
www.datemywardrobe.com
Notas do Editor
As one of the largest fee-only investment managers in the state of Georgia, our job is to help you chart out your own course to retirement. Here, presenters should place their credibility statement, education, title, and/or years of experience.
DependsTrip Advisor – weeklyFlickr – a few times a dayFinancial Services – need to think of downtime
CI – Integration in non prod envCD – moving to productionC Deployment
Lean manufacturing – with actual physical goods.Lean is a set of tools that assist in identification & elimination of waste. As waste is eliminated, quality improves and cost is reduced.Application of this lean thinking to the process of innovation.Build what customers want and what they will pay for.Biggest waste is building a product that your customers will refuse to use.Learn – You don’t have to wait for the product to be built in order to learn. You can start learning from the beginning, before you even write the first line of code.Learn by validating your assumptions.Observe the customer behavior rather than asking what they want. Many times they don’t know what they want.Validated learning – the effort that wont lead to learning something about the product from the customers can be eliminated.Leap Of Faith – in Ipod business, the leap of faith was that people will pay for music – ofcourse that turned out to be true.
Lean manufacturing – with actual physical goods.Lean is a set of tools that assist in identification & elimination of waste. As waste is eliminated, quality improves and cost is reduced.Application of this lean thinking to the process of innovation.Build what customers want and what they will pay for.Biggest waste is building a product that your customers will refuse to use.Learn – You don’t have to wait for the product to be built in order to learn. You can start learning from the beginning, before you even write the first line of code.Learn by validating your assumptions.Observe the customer behavior rather than asking what they want. Many times they don’t know what they want.Validated learning – the effort that wont lead to learning something about the product from the customers can be eliminated.Leap Of Faith – in Ipod business, the leap of faith was that people will pay for music – ofcourse that turned out to be true.
- We need to minimize the total time spent through this feedback loop.
In building the MVP – the full cycle f the feedback loop should be covered – with minimum amount of effort and least amount of development time.After the complete cycle, the question of pivot arises – to pivot or to preserve?
In building the MVP – the full cycle f the feedback loop should be covered – with minimum amount of effort and least amount of development time.After the complete cycle, the question of pivot arises – to pivot or to preserve?Many companies who did pivot – say they wish the had made the decision sooner. Very difficult to let go of your own original idea. I personally feel (first time) founders have their own reality distortion field where they think they know what the customers want
In building the MVP – the full cycle f the feedback loop should be covered – with minimum amount of effort and least amount of development time.After the complete cycle, the question of pivot arises – to pivot or to preserve?
In building the MVP – the full cycle f the feedback loop should be covered – with minimum amount of effort and least amount of development time.After the complete cycle, the question of pivot arises – to pivot or to preserve?
If we don’t know who the customer is, we don’t know what quality isMVP’s can be low quality as well.Shri’s response – UX is marketing
Zappos (one of the largest online shoe stores) founded in 1999. Founder was frustrated coz there was no online site with great selection of shoes. He envisioned a new and superior retail experience. He ran an experiment – his hypothesis was that people will be willing to buy shoes online. Instead of building the whole site, he took pictures of shoes at local stores and he’d post the pictures online. If the customers bought them online, he would go back to the store to buy them.In 2009, zappos was acquired by Amazon for 1.2 bln.
User first (rather than product). Think of user goals first. For mobile payment app, user goals are: -
One of the biggest challenges is designing the right kind of tests to test the hypothesis.Example:
Lean UX includes agile concepts such as frequent iterations, agile teams, validating hypothesisLean UX is not a replacement for UCD.
Why write a 300 page design document when a simple flow will communicate what is needed.In waterfall, it could take months and years to get the perfect spec.
Instead of thinking that Lean design is driven by data, you can also think it is informed by data.Example: Facebook – Getting to a billion Users“It is very important to know what to do with the data available” - Julie Zhou – Director, Product Design (Primary designer of FB “Like”) Facebook Registration Steps (early days)Visit Site>Fill Form> Submit Form > Validation > Confirmation EmailRemove what is not necessary (email confirmation)Redesign with minimum number of fields (remove captcha, job etc.)Millions of new users joined after this change
Start with hypothesis rather than a feature. That way y ou end up focusing what is important to the user. If you build what is important, you will be able to better sell your product, gain traction etc.Hypothesis first approach helps you know if this is the right feature to build.
User plays an important role in the design process – close to the user. User supports its improvement. Product exists
Once you have created the MVP, you need to keep working on itLean UX is about gathering actionable metrics. You cant just validate a hypothesis and do nothing from the results.