its beneficial for management studetns

1. Forms of Ownerships
By
Mr. Pathan A. B.
Lecturer
MGM`s Polytechnic, Aurangabad.
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2. Forms of Ownerships
 Ownership of an organization gets decide on the
base of capital.
 To start a business enterprise the most important
thing is the capital.
 Depending upon capital provided to an
organization, there are some types of ownership.
1. Single ownership (Private Undertaking)
2. Partnership
3. Joint Stock Companies
4. Cooperative organization.
5. State and central Government owned.
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3. 1. Single ownership
• It is called a single ownership when an individual
exercises and enjoys these rights in his own interest.
• A business owned by one man is called single
ownership.
• Single ownership does well for those enterprises
which little capital and lend themselves readily o
control by one person.
• Example:printing press, auto repair shop, wood working
plants, a small fabrication shop, small
engineering firms etc.
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4. 1.1 Advantages
• Easy to establish as it does not require to complete
any legal formality.
• Expenses in starting the business are minimal.
• Owner is free to make all decisions.
• It is simple, easy to operate and extremely flexible.
• Owner enjoys all the profits.
• Owner can keep secrecy as regards the raw
material used, method of manufacture etc.
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5. 1.2 Disadvantages
• The owner is liable for all obligation and debts of the
business.
• The business may not be successful if the owner has
limited money, lacks ability and necessary
experience to run the business.
• If the business fails, creditors can take the personal
property as well as business property of the owner
to settle their claims.
• There is limited opportunity for employees as
regards monetary rewards such as profit sharing,
bonuses etc. and promotions.
• Single ownership firm has limited life.
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6. 1.3 Applications
• For retail trades, service concerns and small
engineering firms which require relatively small
capital to start with and to run.
• Business which do not involve high risks of failure.
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7. 2. Partnership
• Partnership may be defined as the relation
between persons who have agreed to share the
profits of a business carried out by all or any of them
acting for all.
• They put together their property, ability, skill,
knowledge etc. for the purpose of making profits.
• Duties of partners are:1. Partners should be just and faithful to one another.
2. cooperate and accommodate each other
3. respect the views of one another
4. have confidence in each other and better mutual
understanding.
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8. 2.1 Advantages
• Large capital is available to the firm.
• The firm possesses much better talents, judgment
and skills.
• Incentive of success is high.
• Partners have full control of the business and
possess full rights to all profits.
• Partnership firms can borrow money quite easily
from the banks.
• For all losses, there are more than one person to
share them.
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9. 2.2 Disadvantages
• Danger of disagreement and distrust among the
partners.
• Authority being divided among the partners.
• All partners suffer because of the wrong steps taken
by one person.
• Partnership lacks permanence and stability; it has
limited life.
• Partnership may dissolve if a partner dies.
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10. 2.3 Applications
•
•
•
•
Law firms
Retail trade organization.
Medical clinics
Small engineering firms
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11. 3. Joint Stock Company
• A joint stock company is an Association of individuals
called share holders who join together for profit and
agree to supply capital divided into shares that are
transferable for carrying on a specific business.
• A joint stock company consists of more than twenty
persons for carrying any business other than the banking
business.
• These persons give a name to the company, mention
the purpose for which it is formed and state the nature
and the amount of capital to be issued etc. and submit
the proposal to the Registrar of Companies.
• As the registrar issues a certificate in this connection, the
company starts operating.
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12. 3.1 Types of joint stock company
1. Private limited company
2. Public limited company
1. Private limited company:• Capital is collected from the private partners.
• Restricts the right to transfer shares, avoids public to
take up shares.
• Minimum members involved are 2 and maximum
are 50.
• Less documentation is involved.
• The company need not circulate the Balance
sheet, profit and loss account etc. among its
members but it should hold its annual general
meeting & place financial statements in the
meeting.
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13. 2. Public Limited Company
• Capital is collected from the public by issuing shares
having small face value (Rs. 100, 50, 20).
• Minimum members involved are 7 and maximum is
no limit.
• Directors of the company are subject to rotation.
• It has to send financial statements to all members
and to the Registrar.
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14. 3.2 Advantages
• A huge sum of money can be raised.
• Shares are transferable.
• Company`s life is not affected by the death of any
share holders.
• Risk of loss is divided among many share holders.
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15. 3.3 Disadvantages
Company is managed by big share holders only.
People can commit frauds with the company.
Divided responsibility.
Team spirits with which partnership works, is lacking
in a joint stock company.
• It is difficult to maintain secrecy as in partnership.
•
•
•
•
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16. 3.4 Applications
• Steel mills
• Fertiliser factories
• Engineering concern etc.
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17. 4. Cooperative Organization
• Cooperative society is a commercial enterprise
owned and managed by and for the benefit of
customers or members of the same enterprise.
• Members pay fees or buy shares of the cooperative
and profits are periodically redistributed to them.
• In a cooperative, there are share holders, board of
directors and the elected officers similar to the
corporation.
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18. 4.1 Types of co-operative societies
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Consumers Co-operative Society.
Producers Co-operative Society.
Housing Co-operative Society.
Co-operative Marketing Society.
Co-operative Credit Society.
Co-operative Farming Society.
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19. 4.2 Advantages
• Daily necessities of life can be made available at
lower rates.
• No one person can make huge profits.
• Common man is benefited by cooperatives.
• Goods required can be purchased directly from the
manufacturers and therefore can be sold at less
rates.
• It promotes cooperation, mutual assistance and the
idea of self help.
• Black marketing are eliminated.
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20. 4.3 Disadvantages
• Members who are in position may try to take
personal advantage.
• Conflict may arise among the members on the issue
of sharing responsibility and enjoying authorities.
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21. 5.State and central Government owned.
• It is also called Public Sector.
• A public enterprise owned and managed by the
state.
• Public enterprises are controlled and operated by
the Government to produce and supply goods and
services required by the society.
• There is no death of capital.
• Business expansion is not difficult.
• Promote rapid economic development.
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22. 5.1 Advantages
• It helps in the growth of those industries which
require huge amount of capital.
• It encourages industrial growth of under developed
regions in the country.
• Profits earned by the public sector may be used for
the general welfare of the community.
• Capital, raw material, fuel, power and transport are
easily made available to them.
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23. 5.2 Disadvantages
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•
•
•
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Heavy administrative expenses.
Workers avoid work.
Delay in decision making.
More wastage and inefficiency is there.
Too much interference by the Government and
politicians.
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