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Warm-Up

 Write down five different characteristics of fish that
 you have observed. Once everyone is finished we will
 discuss them as a class.
Chapter 11:
Fishes, Amphibians, and
        Reptiles

      SECTION 2: FISHES
A fish is a
vertebrate that lives
in water and uses
fins to move.
Fish live in
water, have
fins, obtain oxygen
through gills, have
scales, and most are
ectotherms.
Fish are the
largest group of
vertebrates; almost     Characteristics of Fishes
50%.
Fish get oxygen
from water. To get
oxygen, they open
their mouth, let
water in. The water
then goes to the
fish’s gills where it
will take the oxygen
and spread it to the
rest of the fish.
Then the water is
sent out of the
body.
                        Characteristics of Fishes
Once oxygen has
entered the fish’s
gills it will go in a
loop through the
fish’s body until it
has spread all of the
oxygen evenly.
A fish has a closed
circulatory system
like most
vertebrates.
The blood in a
fish goes from the      Characteristics of Fishes
gills to the
heart, and back
again.
All fish have fins
and these help fish
to swim.
A fin provides a
large surface to
push against the
water; it’s kind of
like an oar.
Each fin has thin
membrane
stretched across
bony supports.
                      Characteristics of Fishes
Most fishes have
external
fertilization. This
means that they lay
eggs outside their
body. Once the eggs
are laid a male fish
will come and
fertilize them by
spreading a cloud
of sperm over them.
Some fishes, like
sharks, have
internal
fertilization. This    Characteristics of Fishes
means they carry
their young until
they are born.
Fishes have
nervous systems
and sense organs
that help them find
food and avoid
predators.
Fish may have
whiskers that help
them
smell, taste, and
feel. This can help
them find food and
it can help them
know when to avoid    Characteristics of Fishes
a dangerous
predator.
The major groups
of fishes are jawless
fishes, cartilaginous
fishes, and bony
fishes.
Jawless fishes are
unlike other fishes
since they have no
jaws or scales.
Cartilage is what
makes up a jawless
fishes skeleton.
Hagfishes and
lampreys are the
only kinds of
                        Jawless Fishes
jawless fishes that
exist today.
Cartilaginous
fishes have jaws
and scales. They
also have skeletons
made of cartilage.
Sharks use
currents and
moving to get
oxygen whereas
rays will move less
and get water
through holes
behind their eyes.
Cartilaginous
fishes are usually    Cartilaginous Fishes
carnivores.
A bony fish has
jaws, scales, a pocket
on each side of the
head that holds the
gills, and a skeleton
made of hard bones.
Bony fish have a
swim bladder which
is an internal gas
filled sac which
helps the fish stay
stable at different
depths in the water.
95% of all fishes
                         Bony Fishes
are bony fishes.
They can live in
salt and fresh water.
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11.2 fish

  • 1. Warm-Up  Write down five different characteristics of fish that you have observed. Once everyone is finished we will discuss them as a class.
  • 2. Chapter 11: Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles SECTION 2: FISHES
  • 3. A fish is a vertebrate that lives in water and uses fins to move. Fish live in water, have fins, obtain oxygen through gills, have scales, and most are ectotherms. Fish are the largest group of vertebrates; almost Characteristics of Fishes 50%.
  • 4. Fish get oxygen from water. To get oxygen, they open their mouth, let water in. The water then goes to the fish’s gills where it will take the oxygen and spread it to the rest of the fish. Then the water is sent out of the body. Characteristics of Fishes
  • 5. Once oxygen has entered the fish’s gills it will go in a loop through the fish’s body until it has spread all of the oxygen evenly. A fish has a closed circulatory system like most vertebrates. The blood in a fish goes from the Characteristics of Fishes gills to the heart, and back again.
  • 6. All fish have fins and these help fish to swim. A fin provides a large surface to push against the water; it’s kind of like an oar. Each fin has thin membrane stretched across bony supports. Characteristics of Fishes
  • 7. Most fishes have external fertilization. This means that they lay eggs outside their body. Once the eggs are laid a male fish will come and fertilize them by spreading a cloud of sperm over them. Some fishes, like sharks, have internal fertilization. This Characteristics of Fishes means they carry their young until they are born.
  • 8. Fishes have nervous systems and sense organs that help them find food and avoid predators. Fish may have whiskers that help them smell, taste, and feel. This can help them find food and it can help them know when to avoid Characteristics of Fishes a dangerous predator.
  • 9. The major groups of fishes are jawless fishes, cartilaginous fishes, and bony fishes. Jawless fishes are unlike other fishes since they have no jaws or scales. Cartilage is what makes up a jawless fishes skeleton. Hagfishes and lampreys are the only kinds of Jawless Fishes jawless fishes that exist today.
  • 10. Cartilaginous fishes have jaws and scales. They also have skeletons made of cartilage. Sharks use currents and moving to get oxygen whereas rays will move less and get water through holes behind their eyes. Cartilaginous fishes are usually Cartilaginous Fishes carnivores.
  • 11. A bony fish has jaws, scales, a pocket on each side of the head that holds the gills, and a skeleton made of hard bones. Bony fish have a swim bladder which is an internal gas filled sac which helps the fish stay stable at different depths in the water. 95% of all fishes Bony Fishes are bony fishes. They can live in salt and fresh water.