Pseudo cereals and their response under changing environment
1. PSEUDO-CEREALS AND THEIR
RESPONSE UNDER
CHANGING ENVIRONMENT
CP-712
HAFIZ MUHAMMAD ZAKRIYA ALVI
2003-AG-1646
DEPARTMENT OF CROP PHYSIOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD
4. History
Quinoa
Ancient crop of the Incas
In 1996, quinoa was classified by FAO as one of humanity’s
most promising crops
Pseudocereal - Close relative of spinach
Well studied
Good conservation
Use: seeds (less leaves)
5. History
Centre of origin:
High Andes from Colombia to Argentina
Major crops for the pre-Colombian cultures in Latin America
Rediscover in 1970 at high altitude after destruction in 1500’s
Introduced in Pakistan in 2008
6. History
LUPINES
Lupines have a long history in human nutrition: seeds were very
popular with the Romans,in the Incan empire, and are nowadays
commonly used in Greece, Portugal, Italy, Egypt and Brazil
Buckwheat - Fagopyrum
tataricum
A pseudo-cereal, belongs to tatars
Originates from Northern India and China
To Europe in the 16th century
7. Adaptability and climate change
Temperature range: -8°C to 38°C
Humidity from 40% to 90%
not much nutrients needed
Gives highly variable yields
Tolerates saline soils
Highly water efficient plant (low rainfall levels (100-200mm)
Low input crop
Established in areas unsuitable for other crops
8. Adaptability and climate change
Due to its roots entering deep in the ground, does not require strong
fertilization (lupines)
Short growing season
Climate proof crops
Resistbility against salinity
9. Nutritional aspects
Ideal amino acid combination
The protein content of pseudo cereals is higher than in cereals
species
The high content of arginine and histidine, both essential for infants
and children, makes amaranth and quinoa interesting for the
nutrition of children
The fat content of pseudo cereals is also higher compared to most
cereal species
Amaranth contains a high amount of squalene.
11. Minerals
The content of minerals (ash) in amaranth and quinoa is about
twice as high as in other cereals
High amounts of calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium
Vitamins
the content of thiamine in amaranth is higher than in wheat
Both amaranth and quinoa are good sources of riboflavin, vitamin C
and in particular of folic acid and vitamin E
Folic acid has been found in amounts of 78.1 µg/100 g in quinoa
and 102 µg/100 g in amaranth, 2.5 times higher than in wheat (40
µg/100 g)
12. Vitamins
The vitamins B2 and B6 are also present in buckwheat seeds
High concentration of phenolic compounds
14. Lupines
Blue lupin in human diet
Only seeds can be used for nutritional purposes
Use in human nutrition is in early stages in
High protein content (over 30 % in the bean)
High levels of fiber (polygalactan)
Low levels of starch
Oleic acid
Is a potential allergen
Health effects
Short chain amino acids reduce blood pressure and cholesterol
15. Diversity and variability
Grain color(66 colors)
Vegetative cycle(110-210 days)
Protein content of grain(10.2-18.39)
Perception of being food of poor's has changed in recent years