3. The emergence of software engineering The early years (50-60) Second Era (60-Mid70s) Third Era (70-mid80) Fourth Era (80's and beyond) Batch orientation The system handles the job at once in sequence Multiprogramming and Multi - User Systems. Personal Computers came to be widely used. Increased use of desktop systems Limited Distribution Computers were not widely used. Software become distributed - this was the start of the software crisis. Micro Computers also were used in other products Object Oriented Technologies They were highly customized - they were produced only to meet specific needs. Therefore there was a greater need for software Expert System AI Parallel Computing Software Crisis