The document discusses the present perfect tense and how it is used to talk about actions that occurred at an unspecified time before now or within a specified time period before now. It provides examples of sentences using the present perfect tense without time references like "I have seen that movie twenty times" as well as with time references like "Have you been to Mexico in the last year?". It also discusses how to form the past participle of regular verbs ending in -ar, -er, and -ir.

2. HOPES AND DREAMS

Well, my parents have
never traveled outside
of ecuadorian, so i
want to take them to
europe.I have been
there many times, so I
know all the best place
to go.

3. GRAMAR
PRESENT PERFECT STATEMENTS.
USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now
We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at
an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not
important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific
time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week,
when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that
day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with
unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many
times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

4. EXAMPLES
I have seen that movie twenty times.
 I think I have met him once before.
 There have been many earthquakes in California.
 People have traveled to the Moon.
 People have not traveled to Mars.


5. PRESENT PERFECT
Time Expressions with Present Perfect
 When we use the Present Perfect it means that
something has happened at some point in our lives
before now. Remember, the exact time the action
happened is not important.
 Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in
for an experience. We can do this with expressions
such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week,
this month, so far, up to now, etc.

6. EXAMPLES
Have you been to Mexico in the last year?
 I have seen that movie six times in the last month.
 They have had three tests in the last week.
 She graduated from university less than three years
ago. She has worked for three different companies so
far.
 My car has broken down three times this week.


7. REGULAR PAST PARTICIPLES
The written lesson is below.
2. Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left.
The past participle will be important in future lessons
covering the perfect tenses. To form the past participle,
simply drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) and add ado (for -ar verbs) or -ido (for -er, -ir verbs).
 hablar - ar + ado = hablado
 comer - er + ido = comido
 vivir - ir + ido = vivido
1.

8. EXAMPLES

Most past participles
can
be
used
as
adjectives. Like other
adjectives, they agree
in gender and number
with the nouns that
they modify.
La puerta está cerrada.
The door is closed.
 Las puertas están
cerradas.
The doors are closed.
 El restaurante está
abierto.
The restaurant is open.
 Los restaurantes están
abiertos.
The restaurants are open.


9. PRESENT PERFECT AND SIMPLE PAST
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
a) Past Simple
Action to be developed and completed in the past, without
any information of which has been on its impact on the
present tense.
 When I was young I played tennis (gives us no
information about whether today I keep playing
tennis or not)
Action to be developed and completed in a period now
ended.
 This morning I had a very tense meeting with my
boss (and is in the afternoon, the morning ended)
 Yesterday I went to the cinema with my friends

10. PRESENT PERFECT
- Action that started in the past and still continues to
grow.
 I have worked in this bank for ten years (todavía
continúo en el banco)
- Action that just ended.
 I have missed my train (lo acabo de perder)
- Action to be developed over a period of time is not
over yet.
 This morning I has had a very tense meeting with my
boss (aún es por la mañana)

11. VERBS