Oracle 11g New Features Out-of-the-Box by Alex Gorbachev (from Sydney Oracle Meetup #5)

Oracle 11g New Features Out-of-the-Box

Alex Gorbachev, Christo Kutrovsky
Sydney Oracle Meetup, 1 June 2009

Who is that talking?

• Vice President, East Asia Pacific
• The Pythian Group - leading provider of 24x7 database management
services and consulting

• Blogger
• http://pythian.com/blogs/alexgorbachev

• Twitter
• @alexgorbachev

• Conference presenter
• OOW, UKOUG, Hotsos, AUSOUG, COLLABORATE, ...

© The Pythian Group

Agenda

• ASM - the missing pieces
• RMAN - easier then ever
• Standby DBs - usability
• Productivity boosters
• Performance manageability
• Security - out of the box

©The Pythian Group Company Confidential

Evolution


Evolution

• A lots of areas have been polished
• Bug fix - 10g Release 3?


Evolution

• Developer’s feedback taken into account


Evolution

• Developer’s feedback taken into account
• DBA feedback taken into account
• Production engineers managing real data-centers


Automatic
Storage
Management


ASM diskgroup compatibility

• Default
SQL> select name, compatibility, database_compatibility
from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME COMPATIBIL DATABASE_C
---- ---------- ----------
DG1 10.1.0.0.0 10.1.0.0.0

• New features
SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP dg1 SET ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.asm'='11.1';
Diskgroup altered.
SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP dg1 SET ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.rdbms'='11.1';
Diskgroup altered.

SQL> select name, compatibility, database_compatibility
from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME COMPATIBIL DATABASE_C
---- ---------- ----------
DG1 11.1.0.0.0 11.1.0.0.0

©The Pythian Group Company Confidential 6

ASM - rolling updates for RAC

ALTER SYSTEM START ROLLING
MIGRATION TO 11.2.0.0.0;

• Limited services from ASM
• Normal database operation
• No diskgroup configuration changes
• Mount / unmount diskgroups

ALTER SYSTEM STOP ROLLING
MIGRATION;


ASM - variable AU size

• Allocation Unit - 1/2/4/.../64 MB
• 10g - 1MB (_asm_ausize)
• Data sits closer together and can be read in bigger
chunks
• Can improve sequential IO
• Reduces striping over SAN striped LUN’s
• Configuring Oracle ASM hidden parameters for
EVA8000, HP Knowledge Brief
• Reduces SGA for metadata for large files
• 11g - can be done per diskgroup


ASM - variable extent size

• 10g
• 1 extent = 1 AU 1 TB = 1+ mil. extents
 11g
 1-20,000 extents 1 1MB AU:
extent = 1 AU 1 TB = 53,572 extents
 20,001 - 40,000 1 64MB AU:
extent = 8 AU’s 1 TB = 16,384 extents
 40,001 - ... 1 100 TB = 66,788 extents
extent = 64 AU’s


ASM - recovery from failures

• Fast Mirror Resync
• OFFLINE disks
• disk_repair_time attribute
• ASM extent change tracking
• Suitable for transient failures and maintenance
• Fast Rebalancing in restricted mount
• Rebalancing => many lock/unlock extent map
• Restrict mode rebalancing => no locks
• Restricted mounted DG => service outage


ASM - Preferred Mirror Read

• For extended clusters
• Storage mirrored across 2 or 3 datacenters

• 10g
• Read is first done on primary extent

• 11g
• Preferred read failure groups (to local disks)
• asm_preferred_read_failure_groups in init.ora


ASM - asmcmd

• “cp” command
• ASM <=> OS or ASM <=> ASM
• Remote <=> local isntance
• Does it work??? + slow
• du command like on Unix
• lsdsk - list disks (like lsdg for diskgroups)
• remap - repairs blocks
• md_backup / md_restore - for metadata
• asmcmd -p - current directory in prompt


R-MAN


RMAN - backup performance

• CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM
‘type’;
• zlib - faster (11g, Advanced Compression)
• Bzip2 - smaller (default, 10g)
• BACKUP ... SECTION SIZE
• single file parallel backup / restore
• max 256 sections per file
• Undo tablespace backup optimization
• Committed undo not backed up
• UNDO_RETENTION can be accounted for


RMAN - usability (1)

• Archival backup
• makes backups not part of retention policy
• archivelogs are only to make backup consistent
• KEEP UNTIL / KEEP FOREVER
• used in BACKUP and CHANGE
• Archivelog deletion policy
• applied/shipped on standby
• DB_UNIQUE_NAME
• remote configure for another DB


RMAN - usability (2)

• Substitution variables
• Like SET UNTIL &TIMESTAMP;
• Backup read only TTS
• No need to read write after TTS import


RMAN - Data Recovery Advisor

• RMAN> list failure;
• missing files
• corrupted files or blocks
• RMAN> advise failure;
• RMAN> repair failure [preview];
• RMAN> change failure;


RMAN - list failure

RMAN> LIST FAILURE;

List of Database Failures
=========================

Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------

142 HIGH OPEN 23-APR-07 One or more non-system
datafiles are missing

101 HIGH OPEN 23-APR-07 Datafile 1: '/disk1/
oradata/prod/system01.dbf' contains one or more corrupt blocks


RMAN - duplicate

• FROM ACTIVE DATABASE
• PASSWORD FILE
• TO RESTORE POINT
• SPFILE
• PARAMETER_VALUE_CONVERT
• SET parameter=value
• TABLESPACE <list>
• allows for some tablespaces to be duplicated
• No need for standby controlfile backup


Data Guard
&
Physical Standby


Standby - different platforms

• Different CPU architectures
• SPARC <=> x86
• Operating Systems
• Linux <=> Windows
• “Bitness”
• 32 bit <=> 64 bit


Standby - more uses for DR site

• Active Data Guard - Real-time Query
• Open read only while redo apply is active
• No impact on RTO

• Snapshot standby database
• Read write and still accepting logs
• RPO is not impacted, only RTO
• ALTER DATABASE CONVERT TO SNAPSHOT STANDBY;
• ALTER DATABASE CONVERT TO PHYSICAL STANDBY;


Standby - easier to manage

• RMAN re-instantiate datafile over network
rman target sys@standby auxiliary sys@prod
BACKUP AS COPY DATAFILE 2 AUXILIARY FORMAT ‘...’;

• On the fly compression for gap resolution
• Redo transport response time histogram
• NET_TIMEOUT based on V$REDO_DEST_RESP_HISTOGRAM

• DB_UNIQUE_NAME
• Better RMAN support
• Sync between primary and standby


Standby - off-host backups

• Persistent configuration
• Block change tracking
• Fast incremental backups
• Backups associated with primary database
• Simplified restore
• Controlfile backup on standby


Manageability
&
Productivity


Read Only table

• Read only tables now available
• ALTER TABLE x READ ONLY;
• ALTER TABLE x READ WRITE;
• Simple, insignificant, but needed


Invisible indexes

• Can you drop a large index?
• ALTER INDEX should_i_drop
INVISIBLE;

• Do you need a new index?
• CREATE INDEX do_i_need INVISIBLE;
• ALTER SESSION SET
optimizer_use_invisible_indexes=t
rue

• USER_ ALL_ DBA_INDEXES.VISIBILITY

Not null with default

• Not null columns with default value are
maintained in dictionary
• No space taken
• Instant add
• Existing columns are NOT converted

• What about indexes on the columns?


DDL can now wait

• All DDLs can wait
• ddl_lock_timeout (default 0)

• alter session set ddl_lock_timeout=5;
• create index on busy_table…

• 0 ... 1,000,000 seconds


Virtual columns
CREATE TABLE users (
display_name VARCHAR2(30),
name AS (UPPER(display_name)));

• Simplify SELECT’s
• Easy to maintain
• Simplify physical data re-design
• Partition on virtual columns
• Index virtual columns
• CBO collects statistics


Virtual columns for data integrity
SQL> create unique index users_uk on users(name);
Index created.

SQL> insert into users (display_name) values
('Alex');
1 row created.

SQL> insert into users (display_name) values
('ALEX');
insert into users (display_name) values ('ALEX')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYS.USERS_UK)
violated


PL/SQL - sequence in variable

• 10g
• SELECT seq.NEXTVAL INTO my_var FROM DUAL;

• 11g
• my_var := seq.NEXTVAL;


Performance


Statistics granularity

• 10g
• DBMS_STATS.SET_PARAM

• 11g
• SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
• SET_DATABASE_PREFS
• SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
• SET_TABLE_PREFS


Non-published statistics

• Gather table stats without applying

DBMS_STATS.SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
(’scott’,’publish’,’false’);

ALTER SESSION SET
optimizer_pending_statistics = TRUE;

DBMS_STATS.PUBLISH_PENDING_STATS(...);


Variable stale percent

• 10g - fixed 10%

• 11g variable with 10% default

DBMS_STATS.SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
(’scott’,’stale_percent’,’25’);


Incremental statistics gathering

• Gather stats on partitioned tables by scanning
only changed partitions

• SET_SCHEMA_STATS
• incremental - true
• estimate_percent - auto_sample_size
• granularity - auto


AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE

• Doesn’t just set estimate percent
• Changes statistics gathering algorithm
• Some statistics gather as precise as with 100%

• See Wolfgang Brightling’s paper
• Active Statistics


Creating new database


Real Time SQL Monitor

• Much, much better then v$session_long_ops
• SQL is parallel or 5+ seconds of CPU or IO
• v$sql_monitor
• v$sql_plan_monitor
• *limited* stats (number of starts and output rows)
• elapsed time and etc can be derived by joining with v$sql_monitor and v
$active_session_history
• Updated near real time - every second or so
• Kept at least for a minute after completion


Data Pump - obscure & compress

• Sensitive columns in export dump
• per column
REMAP_DATA=schema.tbl.col:schema.package.function

• Compress metadata and data
• Advanced Compression option
ALL DATA_ONLY METADATA_ONLY NONE


Security


Security - DBCA


Security - passwords

• New built in password check function
• See utlpwdmg.sql
• Password expiration in DEFAULT profile
• Case-sensitive passwords
• sec_case_sensitive_logon=true (init.ora)
• DB upgrade / user import keep passwords
• DBA_USERS.PASSWORD_VERSIONS
• orapwd ignorecase=yes/no
• Warning: db links to case-sensitive 11g


Security - audit by default

• AUDIT_TRAIL = DB

ALTER ANY PROCEDURE CREATE EXTERNAL JOB
ALTER ANY TABLE CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK
ALTER DATABASE CREATE SESSION
ALTER PROFILE CREATE USER
AUDIT ROLE BY ACCESS DROP ANY PROCEDURE
ALTER SYSTEM DROP ANY TABLE
ALTER USER DROP PROFILE
AUDIT SYSTEM DROP USER
AUDIT SYSTEM BY ACCESS EXEMPT ACCESS POLICY
CREATE ANY LIBRARY GRANT ANY OBJECT PRIVILEGE
CREATE ANY JOB GRANT ANY PRIVILEGE
CREATE ANY PROCEDURE GRANT ANY ROLE
CREATE ANY TABLE


Security - other enhancements

• Tablespace encryption
• All blocks are encrypted
• No need to search for columns
• TDE feature (Advanced Security option)
• Enterprise Manager enhancement
• Only DB Control is available


Security - Data Pump

• ENCRYPTION
ALL DATA_ONLY ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY METADATA_ONLY NONE

• ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM
AES128 AES192 AES256

• ENCRYPTION_MODE
DUAL PASSWORD TRANSPARENT

• ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD


Q&A

Thank you!

gorbachev@pythian.com

http://pythian.com/blogs/alexgorbachev
http://twitter.com/alexgorbachev


Oracle 11g New Features Out-of-the-Box by Alex Gorbachev (from Sydney Oracle Meetup #5)

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