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Mid Term Exam
• Covers all material from course.
• Lecture and reading
• At least 1 sample script to correct or write.




3 Mysterious Symbols

 L           R




                 D   C   B   A




           Unit 5
     Basic News Story
     (Story Structure)




                                                  1
Unit 6 Questions
 • How should a news story develop?
 • How do you select and place
   information in a story?
 • What are the building blocks of a news
   story?




How should a news story develop?
• Rich’s 4 C’s of Story Development
  – Conceive the idea or main point.
  – Collect the need info (facts, quotes, etc.)
  – Construct (or organize the info)
  – Correct and Correct Again
     • (o.k., I added that “correct again” part)



  See details on page 260




How do you select and place
information in a story?
• Key Questions
  – What facts to include?
  – What facts to throw out?
  – How to arrange the facts?


                              Rich’s CONSTRUCT




                                                   2
How do you select and place
information in a story?
• Techniques/Skills
    – Develop informed judgment. Be
      knowledgeable.
    – Talk through the story. Talk to the story.
       • Be the audience. What do they want to know.
    – Limit the information included.
    – Emphasize the importance/impact.
    – Fact selection, placement and structure are
      strongly determined by the lead.




     What are the building blocks
          of a news story?




Building Blocks of Print News Story
•   Headline (required)
•   Lead (required)
•   Backup for the Lead (required)
•   Nut Graph (needed with soft leads)
•   Lead Quote (optional, but helps)
•   Impact (almost always, in some form)
•   Attribution (required)
•   Background (needed in most)
•   Elaboration (required, if space allows)
•   Ending (required)
•   Graphics (helpful)




                                                       3
Headline
• What is the story about? The topic?
• Usually written by editor.
• Secondary headlines: Deck Heads and
  Summary Blurbs.




Lead
• Entices reader
• Hard Leads
  – 5 W’s & H
  – AKA Summary Lead
• Soft Leads




                                        4
Backup for Lead
• Lead should be
  supported with
  facts, quotes,
  etc. that
  substantiate the
  lead.




Nut Graph
• Paragraph that
  states the focus
  or main point of
  the story.
• If there, it is
  usually the 3rd to
  5th paragraph.
• Only with soft
  leads. Why?




Lead Quote
• The first quote that
  backs up the lead.
• Helps to use
  strongest quote
  available.




                         5
Impact
• How does this
  affect readers?
• Sometimes in lead
  or nut graph.
• Also as a separate
  paragraph later.




Attribution
• Where did you get the information?
• Who told you the facts?




Attribution




                                       6
Attribution




Background
• Additional
  background info
  may be needed.




Elaboration
• Multiple
  sources.
• Other points
  of view.




                    7
Ending/Conclusion
• Further elaboration.
• Statement or quote that summarizes, but does
  not repeat previous info.
• Future action.




Ending/Conclusion




Visuals
• Photographs, Pull Quotes, etc.




                                                 8
Broadcast(TV) vs. Print




Broadcast(TV) vs. Print




Broadcast(TV) vs. Print




                          9
Building Blocks of TV News Story
• Teasers
• Lead-ins

• Beginning - Lead
• Body
• Ending

                           See pgs 260-268.




                                              10
Building Blocks of TV News Story
• Teaser
  – A few words or few sentences used to
  get the reader return to next segment or
  newscast.
  – “When we come back…”
  – “Just ahead…”
• Lead-in
  – Right before reporter package. Like lead, but should
    not repeat reporter’s lead.
  – Usually ends with something like “Our reporter,
    <insert name>, has more details.”
  – Said by anchor, written by anchor or producer




Building Blocks of TV News Story
• Beginning – Lead (Hard or Soft)
  – Soft
     • May be used with feature stories.
  – Hard
     • Who? Where? What? When?
     • Place time element after verb.
     • “At least five people were arrested today in an anti-abortion
       protest outside a Milwaukee clinic.”
     • Write to the pictures/images
  – You can use “you” – stress impact
     • “You may be paying more for milk soon…”




Building Blocks of TV News Story
• Body
  – Transitions
     • Don’t get carried away here. Limit.

  – Common Structures (Ways to Order)
     •   Problem/Solution
     •   Time Sequence
     •   Hourglass
     •   Circle




                                                                       11
12
Building Blocks of TV News Story
• Common Endings
  – Summary
     • A fact that reinforces the main idea
     without repeating previous points.
  – Future
     • Next step. Where we going from here.
  – Consumer
     • Helpful tip – maybe this is where you get in the impact.
  – “Faux Ending”
     • “Factual” – just another background fact




Building Blocks of Radio/Audio
News Story
• Lead-in: introductory copy
  – Gives the basics
  – Sets up the audio/package
     • Example: Explain any references made in
     Audio. If audio mentions “Bill HR-232”, then
     explain “Bill HR-232”.
  – Less need for explaining voicers and wraps, than
    actualities. Why?
  – Be careful with parroting
     • Lead-in: Fire Chief Jones called it worst fire he has seen.
     • Actuality: This is the worst fire I’ve seen.




                                                                     13
Building Blocks of Radio/Audio
News Story
• Throws: last sentence in lead-in
  just before person on recording.

• Throw lines…
  – Mayor Lee says…
  – The tax issue bothers Mayor Lee.
  – Which is better and why? Technical problems?




Building Blocks of Radio/Audio
News Story
• Throws to Actualities
  – Must mention the person speaking
  – One option: News 3 talked with…
• Throws to Voicers and Wraps
  – Our reporter Jan Glover…
  – Some stations may not give the reporter’s name. Why?




Building Blocks of Radio/Audio
News Story
• Write-Out, Tag Line or Close
  – After reporter “signs off,” the anchor does not return to
    that story, but goes on with another.
  – But, after an actuality…
  – Remind listener again who the speaker is and end with
    a “snapper” (mainly TV term)
     •   The other side: But, opponents say…
     •   The future: Next week the mayor…
     •   Additional fact: The mayor’s plan also…
     •   Summary: What it boils down to is…


• Last Building Block: Reporter’s story/package?




                                                                14
BUILDING BLOCKS OF STORY



                           HEADLINE    LEAD-IN
                                                   THROW




                           SOFT LEAD      LEAD



                           NUT GRAPH     BODY
                                                 SNDBITE



                             BACK-
                            GROUND      CLOSING
                                                 SNAPPER




                            ENDING




                                                           15

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Mcm261 Unit5new(2)

  • 1. Mid Term Exam • Covers all material from course. • Lecture and reading • At least 1 sample script to correct or write. 3 Mysterious Symbols L R D C B A Unit 5 Basic News Story (Story Structure) 1
  • 2. Unit 6 Questions • How should a news story develop? • How do you select and place information in a story? • What are the building blocks of a news story? How should a news story develop? • Rich’s 4 C’s of Story Development – Conceive the idea or main point. – Collect the need info (facts, quotes, etc.) – Construct (or organize the info) – Correct and Correct Again • (o.k., I added that “correct again” part) See details on page 260 How do you select and place information in a story? • Key Questions – What facts to include? – What facts to throw out? – How to arrange the facts? Rich’s CONSTRUCT 2
  • 3. How do you select and place information in a story? • Techniques/Skills – Develop informed judgment. Be knowledgeable. – Talk through the story. Talk to the story. • Be the audience. What do they want to know. – Limit the information included. – Emphasize the importance/impact. – Fact selection, placement and structure are strongly determined by the lead. What are the building blocks of a news story? Building Blocks of Print News Story • Headline (required) • Lead (required) • Backup for the Lead (required) • Nut Graph (needed with soft leads) • Lead Quote (optional, but helps) • Impact (almost always, in some form) • Attribution (required) • Background (needed in most) • Elaboration (required, if space allows) • Ending (required) • Graphics (helpful) 3
  • 4. Headline • What is the story about? The topic? • Usually written by editor. • Secondary headlines: Deck Heads and Summary Blurbs. Lead • Entices reader • Hard Leads – 5 W’s & H – AKA Summary Lead • Soft Leads 4
  • 5. Backup for Lead • Lead should be supported with facts, quotes, etc. that substantiate the lead. Nut Graph • Paragraph that states the focus or main point of the story. • If there, it is usually the 3rd to 5th paragraph. • Only with soft leads. Why? Lead Quote • The first quote that backs up the lead. • Helps to use strongest quote available. 5
  • 6. Impact • How does this affect readers? • Sometimes in lead or nut graph. • Also as a separate paragraph later. Attribution • Where did you get the information? • Who told you the facts? Attribution 6
  • 7. Attribution Background • Additional background info may be needed. Elaboration • Multiple sources. • Other points of view. 7
  • 8. Ending/Conclusion • Further elaboration. • Statement or quote that summarizes, but does not repeat previous info. • Future action. Ending/Conclusion Visuals • Photographs, Pull Quotes, etc. 8
  • 9. Broadcast(TV) vs. Print Broadcast(TV) vs. Print Broadcast(TV) vs. Print 9
  • 10. Building Blocks of TV News Story • Teasers • Lead-ins • Beginning - Lead • Body • Ending See pgs 260-268. 10
  • 11. Building Blocks of TV News Story • Teaser – A few words or few sentences used to get the reader return to next segment or newscast. – “When we come back…” – “Just ahead…” • Lead-in – Right before reporter package. Like lead, but should not repeat reporter’s lead. – Usually ends with something like “Our reporter, <insert name>, has more details.” – Said by anchor, written by anchor or producer Building Blocks of TV News Story • Beginning – Lead (Hard or Soft) – Soft • May be used with feature stories. – Hard • Who? Where? What? When? • Place time element after verb. • “At least five people were arrested today in an anti-abortion protest outside a Milwaukee clinic.” • Write to the pictures/images – You can use “you” – stress impact • “You may be paying more for milk soon…” Building Blocks of TV News Story • Body – Transitions • Don’t get carried away here. Limit. – Common Structures (Ways to Order) • Problem/Solution • Time Sequence • Hourglass • Circle 11
  • 12. 12
  • 13. Building Blocks of TV News Story • Common Endings – Summary • A fact that reinforces the main idea without repeating previous points. – Future • Next step. Where we going from here. – Consumer • Helpful tip – maybe this is where you get in the impact. – “Faux Ending” • “Factual” – just another background fact Building Blocks of Radio/Audio News Story • Lead-in: introductory copy – Gives the basics – Sets up the audio/package • Example: Explain any references made in Audio. If audio mentions “Bill HR-232”, then explain “Bill HR-232”. – Less need for explaining voicers and wraps, than actualities. Why? – Be careful with parroting • Lead-in: Fire Chief Jones called it worst fire he has seen. • Actuality: This is the worst fire I’ve seen. 13
  • 14. Building Blocks of Radio/Audio News Story • Throws: last sentence in lead-in just before person on recording. • Throw lines… – Mayor Lee says… – The tax issue bothers Mayor Lee. – Which is better and why? Technical problems? Building Blocks of Radio/Audio News Story • Throws to Actualities – Must mention the person speaking – One option: News 3 talked with… • Throws to Voicers and Wraps – Our reporter Jan Glover… – Some stations may not give the reporter’s name. Why? Building Blocks of Radio/Audio News Story • Write-Out, Tag Line or Close – After reporter “signs off,” the anchor does not return to that story, but goes on with another. – But, after an actuality… – Remind listener again who the speaker is and end with a “snapper” (mainly TV term) • The other side: But, opponents say… • The future: Next week the mayor… • Additional fact: The mayor’s plan also… • Summary: What it boils down to is… • Last Building Block: Reporter’s story/package? 14
  • 15. BUILDING BLOCKS OF STORY HEADLINE LEAD-IN THROW SOFT LEAD LEAD NUT GRAPH BODY SNDBITE BACK- GROUND CLOSING SNAPPER ENDING 15