Tecw students 11 0422

The Energy Code Workshop Students

Objectives OJECTIVE: To raise awareness of building energy codes throughout Arizona based on the 2009 IECC

What it’s not The Energy Code Workshop is NOT about… Advocacy Policy Eco LEED Creating experts Compliance Enforcement Environment Green Rating Systems

What is it? The Energy Code Workshop is… ,[object Object]

Certifying 20 Approved Trainers - Statewide

Training1200 individuals prior to June 10, 2011

Raising energy code awareness throughout Arizona,[object Object]

Market Driven Current Market Trends “U.S. new home sales hit record low, outlook gloomy” March 23, 2011 “New home sales tumble to record low” March 23, 2011 “Office vacancy rates in Valley hit record” Oct 15, 2009

Code Adoption in Arizona 107 Municipalities in Arizona35 have adopted a code (2000-2006)4 have adopted the IECC 2009Only 1 ICC Instructor in Arizona

U.S. Energy Use Source: Pew Center on Global Climate Change

DOE Support DOE and Federal Support includes: Participation in development andupdating of codes andstandards Provision of financial andtechnical assistance toadopt, implement, andenforce codes and standards. Provide compliancetools. Provide information andresources, complianceproducts, training, and energycode related news.

Code Benefits Reduced energy consumption by approximately 0.5-quadrillion Btu per year by 2015,and 3.5-quadrillionBtu per yearby 2030. Reduced CO2 emissionsby roughly 3 percent in terms of the projected national CO2 emissions in 2030. Rising cost savingsmore than $4 billionper year back inhomeowners’ pockets by 2015, a figure that could rise to over $30 billion per year by 2030

Energy Conservation Codes Are… Minimum requirements for energy-efficient design and construction: Residential and commercial New and renovations A component of a complete set of building regulations: Structural, plumbing, electrical, energy, and more Energy-efficiency baselines for: Building envelope, mechanical equipment, service water heating and lighting systems

Intent of IECC Effectively conserves energy Minimizes increases in construction costs Allows the use of new materials, products, or methods of construction Eliminates preferential treatment for particular industries or types or classes of materials, products or methods of construction

Code Challenges Code Development Reaching consensus on the details Code Adoption Not automatic in many states Code Compliance Learning to design using new standards and techniques Implementing new requirements at the jobsite Providing staff and resources to plan, review, and inspect

Building Energy Codes International Energy Conservation Code ASHRAE Standard 90.1 State and Locally Adopted Codes

Energy Codes & Standards History of U.S. Residential Energy Code

Baseline: IECC and ASHRAE 90.1 Both IECC and ASHRAE 90.1 apply, ASHRAE 90.1 likely used IECC applies Both IECC and ASHRAE 90.1 apply, either used to comply

Going Above and Beyond Code SpawGlass Construction Corporate Headquarters, Houston, TX ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Office Buildings, 2008

What Do Building Energy Codes and Standards Cover? For both residential and commercial: ,[object Object]

Electrical Power,[object Object]

All buildings that are not “residential” by definition are “commercial”

Includes additions, alterations, renovations and repairs101.4

Administrative Exempted Buildings ,[object Object],Electrical power, lighting, and mechanical systems still apply ,[object Object],101.4.1, 101.4.2, 101.5.2

Administrative Additions, Alterations, Renovations, Repairs Code applies to any new construction Unaltered portion(s) do not need to comply Additions can comply alone or in combination with existing building 101.4

Administrative Additions ,[object Object]

Additions must meet the prescriptive requirements in Table 402.1.1 (or U-factor or total UA alternatives)101.4.3

Administrative Additions, Alterations, Renovations, Repairs Exceptions ,[object Object]

Exposed, existing ceiling, wall or floor cavities if already filled with insulation

Where existing roof, wall or floor cavity isn’t exposed

Reroofing for roofs where neither sheathing nor insulation exposed

Insulate above or below the sheathing

Roofs without insulation in the cavity

Sheathing or insulation is exposed

<50% of luminaries in a space are replaced

Only bulbs and ballasts within existing luminaries are replaced (provided installed interior lighting power isn’t increased)Any non-conditioned space that is altered to become conditioned space is required to be brought into full compliance with code. 101.4.3

Administrative Space Conditioning Any non-conditioned space that is altered to become conditioned space shall be required to be brought into full compliance with this code Examples: ,[object Object]

Heating an unfinished basement 101.4.5

Administrative Mixed Use Buildings ,[object Object]

Treat the commercial occupancy under the commercial code101.4.6

Administrative Exempted Buildings – Thermal Envelope ,[object Object]

Buildings (or portions of) that are neither heated nor cooled (Section 101.5.2)101.4.1, 101.4.2, 101.5.2

Structure of IECC Chapter 1 Administrative Chapter 2 Definitions Chapter 3 Climate Zones Chapter 4 Residential Energy Efficiency Chapter 5 Commercial Energy Efficiency Chapter 6 Referenced Standards

Definitions Examples ,[object Object]

Basement wall – “…enclosing conditioned space.” If unconditioned, is classified as a crawl space.

Fenestration – includes skylights & doors.

U-value/R-value – Reciprocal values between transmittance and resistance. Note that U-value includes air films. U-value is calculated through a “component or assembly”, and R-value through a “body”. 402.1.2 (components) and 402.1.3 (assembly) make the difference more clear. C-factoris very similar to U-value (surface to surface instead of air to air) and is used in SHGC calculations.

High-efficacy lamps – minimum lumens/watt requirement

Labeled and Listed – borrowed from the IBC,[object Object]

General Requirements Climate Zones Figure 301.1

General Requirements Climate Zones CDD50°F – Interior base temperature = 50°F for CDD HDD65°F – Interior base temperature = 65°F for HDD Table 301.3(2)

General Requirements Arizona Climate Zones

Additional Provision: Windows ,[object Object],[object Object]

Thermal Envelope Basics Heat Transfer Heat always flows from warmer to cooler substances. Heat is transferred by three means:Conduction Radiation Convection

Thermal Envelope Basics Heat Transfer: Conduction Conduction is the transfer of vibrating energy (heat) between adjacent molecules. Transfer is always from warmer to cooler substances. Transfer is independent of gravity and can occur in any direction (up, down, sideways).

Thermal Envelope Basics Heat Transfer: Radiation Radiation is the transfer of heat (molecular vibrating energy) by electro-magnetic waves. Transfer is always from warmer to cooler substances. Transfer is independent of gravity and can occur in any direction (up, down, sideways). Surfaces must have a “line of sight” to each other for the transfer of energy.

Thermal Envelope Basics Heat Transfer: Convection Convection is the transfer of heat (molecular vibrating energy) by a moving fluid medium (water, air). Transfer is always from warmer to cooler substances. Energy is transferred by the physical relocation of molecules as the fluid moves.

Thermal Envelope Basics Heat Transfer: Conduction Thermal conductivity (k) Thermal conductance (C)

Thermal Envelope Basics Heat Transfer: Resistance ,[object Object]

The units are hour-square foot-°F per Btu OR (hr*ft2*°F)/ (Btu)

The greater the R-value, the greater the thermal insulation.,[object Object]

Far IR is emitted from warm surfaces.

Radiation in either of these spectrums that is transmitted or reflected retains similar wavelength characteristics.

Radiation that is absorbed is converted to heat which is then conducted, convected, or reradiated.

This re-radiation only occurs in far IR spectrum. ,[object Object]

Thermal Envelope Basics Heat Transfer: Emissivity ,[object Object]

The range of unitless values is 0.0 (no emittance possible) to 1.0 (ideal maximum – a “black body”).

At any given temperature, a surface’s emissivity is exactly equal to its absorptance,[object Object]

Thermal Envelope Basics Heat Transfer Roof or Floor Walls

Thermal Envelope Basics Heat Transfer

Chapter 4Residential Energy Efficiency

Residential Relationship Between IRC & IECC ,[object Object]

IRC addresses all topics (structural, plumbing, etc.)

Allows builder to carry only one code book

Chapter 11 covers energy efficiency

IRC allows compliance with IECC as an alternative to Chapter 11

IECC addresses both residential and commercial; IRC addresses subset of residential, detached one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses 3 stories or fewer

Energy requirements in IRC and IECC almost identical

IRC requires 0.35 SHGC in Climate Zones 1-3; IECC requires 0.30

IRC has less stringent foundation requirements in northern zones

Other minor differences,[object Object]

a prescriptive requirement that can only be traded so far

performance requirements can only be traded so far402, 403

Residential Overview of Residential Code Requirements ,[object Object],Ceilings, walls, windows, floors, foundations Sets insulation and fenestration levels, and solar heat gain coefficients Infiltration control - caulk and seal to prevent air leaks ,[object Object]

Limited space heating, air conditioning, and water heating requirementsFederal law sets most equipment efficiency requirements, not the I-codes ,[object Object]

Lighting equipment – 50% of lamps to be high-efficacy lampsChapter 4

Residential Compliance Certificate ,[object Object]

Don’t cover or obstruct the visibility of other required labels

Includes the following:R-values of insulation installed for the thermal building envelope, including ducts outside conditioned spaces U-factors for fenestration SHGC for fenestration HVAC efficiencies and types Water heating equipment 401.3

Residential Scope Overview of Structure Mandatory Requirements (apply everywhere): ,[object Object]

DampersClimate-Specific Requirements: ,[object Object],Basements Slabs Crawlspaces ,[object Object]

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient in warm climatesChapter 4

59 Residential Scope Compliance Pathways Mandatory Provisions Prescriptive Section 403.2.1 & 404.1 Envelope Section 402 Envelope Provisions Section 402.2, 402.3.3 thru 402.3.6 & 402.5 (As Applies) Simulated Performance Section 405 Fenestration Insulation Requirements OR OR Section 402.1.3 & 402.1.4 (Trade-Off) Section 402.1.1 & 402.1.2 (Tabular) Section 402.3.1 & 402.3.2 (Trade-Off) Table 402.1.3 Project Complies

Residential Envelope Insulation & Fenestration by Climate Zone Table 402.1.1Insulation and Fenestration Requirements by Component Note: Most of the tables have footnotes which can also contain requirements. Table 402.1.1

Residential Envelope Insulation & Fenestration by Climate Zone a. R-values are minimums, U-factors and SHGC are maximums, R-19 batts compressed into a nominal 2 x 6 framing cavity such that the R-value is reduced by R-1 or more shall be marked with the compressed battR-value in addition to the full thickness R-value. b. The fenestration U-factor column excludes skylights. The SHGC column applies to all glazed fenestration. c. “15/19” means R-15 continuous insulated sheathing on the interior or exterior of the home or R-19 cavity insulation at the interior of the basement wall. “15/19” shall be permitted to be met with R-13 cavity insulation on the interior of the basement wall plus R-5 continuous insulated sheathing on the interior or exterior of the home. “10/13” means R-10 continuous insulated sheathing on the interior or exterior of the home or R-13 cavity insulation at the interior of the basement wall. d. R-5 shall be added to the required slab edge R-values for heated slabs. Insulation depth shall be the depth of the footing or 2 feet, whichever is less in Zones 1 through 3 for heated slabs. e. There are no SHGC requirements in the Marine Zone. f. Basement wall insulation is not required in warm-humid locations as defined by Figure 301.1 and Table 301.1. g. Or insulation sufficient to fill the framing cavity, R-19 minimum. h. “13+5” means R-13 cavity insulation plus R-5 insulated sheathing. If structural sheathing covers 25 percent or less of the exterior, insulating sheathing is not required where structural sheathing is used. If structural sheathing covers more than 25 percent of exterior, structural sheathing shall be supplemented with insulated sheathing of at least R-2. i. The second R-value applies when more than half the insulation is on the interior of the mass wall. j. For impact rated fenestration complying with Section R301.2.1.2 of the IRC or Section 1608.1.2 of the IBC, maximum U-factor shall be 0.75 in Zone 2 and 0.65 in Zone 3. Table 402.1.1

Residential Envelope Specific Requirements Building Envelope consists of: ,[object Object]

WallsAbove grade Below grade Mass walls ,[object Object]

Ceilingsattic Conditioned Space

Residential Envelope Floors Over Unconditioned Space Exception: If framing members are too small to accommodate R-30, insulation that fills the framing cavity, not less than R-19, complies Table 402.1.1

Residential Envelope Floors Over Unconditioned Space Unconditioned space includes unheated basement, vented crawlspace, or outdoor air * * Insulation must maintain permanent contact with underside of subfloor * Exception Climate Zones 4c-8 R-19 permitted if cavity completely filled 402.2.8

Residential Envelope Steel-Frame Floors Cold-Formed Steel Equivalent R-value Wood Frame R-value Table 402.2.5Steel-Frame Ceiling, Wall and Floor Insulation (R-Value) Steel Truss Ceilings R-38 or R-30 + 3 or R-26 + 5 R-30 R-49 or R-38 + 3 R-38 Table keys on the wood-frame requirement for the corresponding building component R-38 + 5 R-49 Steel Joist Ceilings R-38 in 2x4, or 2x6, or 2x8 R-49 any framing R-30 ,[object Object]

Exception: In climate zones 1 and 2, the continuous R-value can be reduced to R-3 for walls on 24” centersR-49 2x4, or 2x6, or 2x8, or 2x10 R-38 Steel Framed Wall R-13 + 5 or R-15 +4, or R-21 +3 or R-0+10 R-13 R-13 + 9 or R-19 +8 or R-25 +7 R-19 R-13 +10 or R-19 +9 or R-25 +8 R-21 Steel Joist Floor R-19, 2x6 R-19 + 6 in 2x8 or 2x10 R-13 R-19 + 6 in 2x6 R-19 +12 in 2x8 or 2x10 R-19 Table 402.2.5

Residential Envelope Slab Edge Insulation Figure 2 Flashing Protection Board RigidInsulation Applies to slabs with a floor surface < 12 inches below grade ,[object Object]

Must extend downward from top of slab a minimum of 24” (Zones 4 and 5) or 48” (Zones 6, 7, and 8)

Insulation can be vertical or extend horizontally under the slab or out from the building

Insulation extending outward must be under 10 inches of soil or pavementAn additional R-5 is required for heated slabs Insulation depth of the footing or 2 feet, whichever is less in Zones 1-3 for heated slabs Slab Figure 3 Slab RigidInsulation Figure 4 Slab RigidInsulation 402.2.8

Residential Envelope Slab Edge Insulation Bevel Cut Slab RigidInsulation 402.2.8

Residential Envelope Crawlspace Wall Insulation Implies an unvented crawlspace (aka, conditioned crawlspace) ,[object Object]

Exposed earth must be covered with a continuous Class I vapor retarder402.2.9

Residential Envelope Vented and Unvented Crawlspaces Vented Crawlspace Requirements: ,[object Object]

A vapor retarder may be required as part of the floor assembly.

Ventilation openings must exist that are equal to at least 1 square foot for each 150 square feet of crawlspace area and be placed to provide cross-flow (IRC 408.1, may be less if ground vapor retarder is installed).

Ducts in crawlspace must be sealed and have R-6 insulation. Unvented Crawlspace Requirements: ,[object Object]

Crawlspace walls must be insulated to the R-value requirements specific for crawlspace walls (IECC Table 402.1.1).

Crawlspace wall insulation must extend from the top of the wall to the inside finished grade and then 24” vertically or horizontally.

Crawlspaces must be mechanically vented (1 cfm exhaust per 50 square feet) or conditioned (heated and cooled as part of the building envelope).

Ducts are inside conditioned space and therefore don’t need to be insulated. IECC & IRC

Residential Envelope Walls ,[object Object]

Garage walls (shared with conditioned space)Section 202, Tables 402.1.1, 402.1.3 & 402.2.5

Residential Envelope Above Grade Walls Insulate walls including those next to unconditioned spaces Don’t forget to insulate rim joists Section 202, Tables 402.1.1, 402.1.3 & 402.2.5

Residential Envelope Wood Frame Walls Required R-value can be met with any combination of cavity or continuous insulation Exception in zones 5-6: R-13 cavity plus R-5 sheathing meets R-20 requirement h. “13+5” means R-13 cavity insulation plus R-5 insulated sheathing. If structural sheathing covers 25 percent or less of the exterior, insulating sheathing is not required where structural sheathing is used. If structural sheathing covers more than 25 percent of exterior, structural sheathing shall be supplemented with insulated sheathing of at least R-2. Table 402.1.1

Residential Envelope Steel-Frame Walls Cold-Formed Steel Equivalent R-value Wood Frame R-value Table 402.2.5Steel-Frame Ceiling, Wall and Floor Insulation (R-Value) Steel Truss Ceilings R-38 or R-30 + 3 or R-26 + 5 R-30 R-49 or R-38 + 3 R-38 Table keys on the wood-frame requirement for the corresponding building component R-38 + 5 R-49 Steel Joist Ceilings R-38 in 2x4, or 2x6, or 2x8 R-49 any framing R-30 ,[object Object]

Residential Envelope Mass Walls What type ,[object Object],Provisions ,[object Object],* Earth includes adobe, compressed earth block, and rammed earth 402.2.4

Residential Envelope Mass Wall Requirements Second (higher) number applies when more than half the R-value is on the interior of the mass (i.e., when the thermal mass is insulated from the conditioned space) Table 402.1.1

Residential Envelope Defining Below-Grade Walls Basement Wall –>50% below grade Below grade Basement wall Exterior Wall – <50% below grade 202, 402.2.7

Residential Envelope Below-Grade Walls ,[object Object]

Otherwise treat as above-grade wallInsulated from top of basement wall down to 10 ft below grade or basement floor, whichever is less 202, 402.2.7

15/19 requirement can be met with R-13 cavity (interior) plusR-5 continuous (exterior)

In zone 3, no insulation required in warm-humid countiesTable 402.1.1

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