Vagrant introduction for Developers

Presenter
- Technology Architect at Accenture
- 10+ years Enterprise Java Developmentg
- Areas of work:
- Open Source activist
- DevOps evangelist
- Technical and OO Trainer
- Cloud and PaaS development
http://www.linkedin.com/in/antonskranga

Motivation
Basic Vagrant Usage
Provisioning with Cookbooks
Base Images Creation
Agenda

How do you manage your Dev Env?

Low or no automation at all
Long error-prone install guides
Painful maintenance or recovery
Painful rollback
No team collaboration
Host everything natviely

Master Image contains:
- All software installed
- All configuration
Hosted typically in project File Server
Often maintained by one Person
No team collaboration
Master Image

Master Image: Problems
Hard to distribute in big teams
Maintenance process is manual
Hard to maintain in parallel
Cannot use Version Control System

- Written declaratively
(just enough ruby DSL)
- Repeatable
- OS agnostic
- Source control
- Help from Community
- Testable
JEOS
Naked OS Configuration

V for Vagrant
www.vagrantup.com Off Site
www.vagrantbox.es VM Images
https://github.com/opscode/bento VM Images from Chef
Useful Links:

Vagrant
- Vagrant will mange VM for you
- Can create whole stack of VMs
- Describe VM resources in Configuration
- Can put configuration in Source Control
- Easy to distribute and update

Quick start
shell
$ vagrant up
Vagrantfile
Vagrant.configure "2" do |config|
config.vm.box = "vagrant-1"
config.vm.box_url = "http://files.vagrantup.com/precise64.box"
end

Quick start v2
shell
$ vagrant box add NAME http://files.vagrantup.com/precise64.box
$ vagrant init
# modify Vagrantfile until you happy
$ vagrant up

Most useful commands
shell
$ vagrant ssh # Connect to VM
$ vagrant reload # Connect to VM
$ vagrant halt # Stop VM
$ vagrant destroy # delete VM
$ vagrant package # Create snapshot (.box file)

Modifying scripts
Vagrantfile
end

Modifying scripts
Vagrantfile
config.vm.hostname = “vmhost"
end

Modifying scripts
Vagrantfile
config.vm.network :forwarded_port, guest: 80, host: 1080
end

Modifying scripts
Vagrantfile
config.vm.synced_folder “webapp/", "/var/www"
end

Modifying scripts
Vagrantfile
config.vm.synced_folder “webapp/", "/var/www“
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--memory", 1024]
end
end

Vagrantfile
config.vm.define :ubuntu1204 do |ubuntu1204|
ubuntu1204.vm.box = "example4-ubuntu-12.10"
ubuntu1204.vm.box_url = "http://files.vagrantup..."
ubuntu1204.vm.hostname = "example4-ubuntu-1210"
ubuntu1204.vm.network :forwarded_port, guest: 80, host: 1080
ubuntu1204.vm.network :private_network, ip: "34.33.33.10"
end
config.vm.define :ubuntu1310 do |ubuntu1310|
ubuntu1310.vm.box = "example4-ubuntu-13.10"
ubuntu1310.vm.box_url = "http://files.vagrantup..."
ubuntu1310.vm.hostname = "example4-ubuntu-1310"
ubuntu1204.vm.network :forwarded_port, guest: 80, host: 2080
ubuntu1204.vm.network :private_network, ip: "34.33.33.11"
end
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--memory", 1024]
end
end

- You declare what software you want
- Chef will provision it for you
- Over 1300 cookbooks
Chef

Before you start
shell
# install Chef plugin
$ vagrant plugin install vagrant-omnibus
# install Berkshelf plugin
$ vagrant plugin install vagrant-berkshelf
# Kind of apt-cache for Vagrant
$ vagrant plugin install vagrant-cachier

Update configuration
Vagrantfile
config.vm.hostname = “localhost"
config.omnibus.chef_version = :latest
config.berkshelf.enabled = true
config.cache.auto_detect = true
end

Update configuration
Vagrantfile
config.vm.provision :chef_solo do |chef|
chef.add_recipe “apache2“
end
end

Create berkshelf configuration
Berksfile
site :opscode
metadata
cookbook "apache2"

Provisioning commands
shell
# to provision for first time just enough
$ vagrant up
# to restart VM
$ vagrant reload --provision
# to provision without restart
$ vagrant provision

Create berkshelf configuration
Berksfile
site :opscode
metadata
cookbook 'apt'
cookbook 'git'
cookbook 'tomcat', git: "https://github.com/opscode-cookbooks/tomcat.git"
cookbook 'maven'
cookbook 'mongodb'
# cookbook 'mycookbook', :path => "cookbooks/mycookbook"

Vagrantfile
chef.add_recipe "mongodb::10gen_repo"
chef.add_recipe "apt"
chef.add_recipe "git"
chef.add_recipe "maven"
chef.add_recipe "mongodb"
chef.add_recipe "tomcat"
end
end

Vagrantfile
...
chef.json = {
"java" => {
"jdk_version" => "7",
"install_flavor" => "openjdk"
}
}
end
end

Vagrantfile
...
chef.json = {
"java" => {
"jdk_version" => "7",
"install_flavor" => "oracle",
"accept_oracle_download_terms" => true
}
}
end
end

Motivation
Custom project specifics
OS-level patching
Produce Stemcells
(preinstalled images)
True Infra-as-code

Tools we need
“Packer is a tool for creating identical
machine images for multiple platforms…”
- Off Site: packer.io
- Written in Go
- Must be installed to ~/pakcer
“Bento is set of Packer templates for
building Vagrant baseboxes”
- Off Site: opscode.github.io/bento/
- Maintained by Chef

Shell
$ git clone https://github.com/opscode/bento.git
$ cd bento/packer
bento/packer $ packer build ubuntu-13.10-amd64.json
Quick start with Packer

Shell
bento/packer $ packer build
-only=virtualbox-iso
ubuntu-13.10-amd64.json
Little bit more tuning

Shell
bento/packer $ packer build
-only=virtualbox
-var-file=variables.json
ubuntu-13.10-amd64.json
Little bit more tuning
variables.json
{
"chef_version": "latest",
"mirror": "../builds/iso/"
}

Vagrant introduction for Developers

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