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Botswana
                                                                                          Monitoring, Evaluation and 
                                                                                                  Research
Office Overview
Number of staff:                                          15
Number of dedicated M&E staff:   1

Workshop Attendees
Number of staff:                                 1
Name:                     Rudo M. Mhonde 
Title:                                  M&E Advisor



Overview of Technical Areas and Donors
                        Technical Area(s)                                                      Primary Donor/Mechanism                                                   Program Interventions
                       MALE CIRCUMCISION                                                               PEPFAR/CDC                                          Expansion of Male Circumcision Services to Prevent HIV 
                                                                                                                                                               in Botswana (MC Training and Service Delivery)
                      PRE‐SERVICE EDUCATION                                                            PEPFAR/CDC                                              Strengthening PSE programs in Health Training 
                                                                                                                                                                                Institutions

Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Activities
Title of Program or Research/                         Primary Monitoring or Study                                                        For Research and Evaluation Activities
      Evaluation Activity                                   Data Source(s)                         Name of IRB(s) That Approved Activity                                        Project Status


          Male Circumcision                          Facility registers, training register,                            n/a                                                           n/a
                                                                mentoring tool
       Pre Service Education                                 Training registers, site visit                            n/a                                                           n/a
                                                                  assessment tool
A Study of Adverse Events Related                     Client interviews, facility registers              JHU SPH, CDC, MOH HRDC                                Awaiting approval from JHU, CDC and MOH HRDC 
to Male Circumcision In Botswana                                                                                                                                               Review Boards

Assessment of In‐service HIV and                          Health care provider interviews,               JHU SPH, MOH HRDC CDC                              Non research determination obtained from MOH HRDC 
   AIDS Training Methods and                              management interviews, Event                                                                        (Botswana) and JHU SPH Review Boards. Awaiting
      Models in Botswana                                  Costing worksheet, focus group                                                                                     approval from CDC
                                                                    discussions
          Male circumcision                               Facility registers,  Facility quality    JHU SPH for routine monitoring being                           Multi‐country ethical clearance under way
                                                                      assessment                                developed



                                                                 M&E‐related success story or 
                                                                 achievement of our program
                                   • Jhpiego has trained 72 Health
                                      care providers on MC (including
                                      SMC M&E & QA) since
                                      November 2010. SMC data
                                      quality      has        improved
                                      considerably in facilities where
                                      Rudo Msipa Mhonde                                                          Introduction to Computing 
                                                                                                                              A trainee recording data during SMC 
                                      the health care providers were
                                      M&E Advisor                                                                Lesson  Gaborone IHS, Computer 
                                                                                                                 Lab          Training

                                      trained.
 • Jhpiego has set up proxy networks in IHSs after monitoring challenges with internet access and connectivity. All students now have individual
   internet accounts.
 • Two protocols for a study on Adverse Events Related to Male Circumcision In Botswana and an Assessment of In‐service HIV and AIDS Training
   Methods and Models in Botswana have been submitted and the latter has been approved.
Key Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Challenges
                                                                   Challenges                                                                       How did you or how are you currently addressing these 
                                                                                                                                                                          challenges? 
1. Final National SMC M&E framework not yet in place so it is difficult to develop a final                                                         Periodic review and reorientation of M&E plans, budgets 
Jhpiego SMC M&E plan. MOH and CDC yet to  give final guidance on Jhpiego focus area                                                                and continuous consultation with MOH and CDC.
(Training /Service delivery).
2. Changing targets and unclear reporting guidelines due to changes in Jhpiego SOW and                                                             Maintaining close collaboration with MOH in planning 
MOH SMC scale up plans.                                                                                                                            processes.
3. Lack of current textbooks and journals for student use in Health Institutions                                                                   E‐granary installed and increased wireless internet access



                                                                                                                                                                                     This poster was made possible by the generous support of the
                                                                                                                                                                                     American people through the United States Agency for International
                                                                                                                                                                                     Development (USAID), under the terms of the Leader with Associates
                                                                                                                                                                                     Cooperative Agreement GHS‐A‐00‐08‐00002‐00. The contents are the
                                                                                                                                                                                     responsibility of the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program
                                                                                                                                                                                     (MCHIP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the
                                                                                                                                                                                     United States Government.
Ethiopia
                                               Monitoring, Evaluation & Research
                                                                                                                                                Country Director



  Office Overview
  Number of staff: 49                                                                          Deputy Country
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Finance & Admin
                                                                                                  Director
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Director
  Number of dedicated M&E staff: 3                                                                                                              Technical Director

                                                                                       HCT Team
  Workshop Attendees                                                                                               Infection Prevention (IP)
                                                                                                                                                                            Maternal Neonatal and
                                                                                                                                                                             Child Health (MNCH)
  Number of staff:2                                                                        Male                 Performance Improvement (PI)                                        Team
                                                                                       Circumcisio                          Unit
  Ephrem Daniel, M&E Advisor                                                                n
                                                                                       (MC) Team                 Pre-service Education (PSE)
  Tsigereda Bekele, M&E Officer
                                                                                                                 Monitoring and Evaluation
                                                                                                                       (M&E) Unit

                                                                                                                   Senior Program Officer


Overview of Technical Areas and Donors
                Technical Area(s)                                   Primary Donor/Mechanism                                                     Program Interventions
                         HIV                                             CDC/JHU TSEHAI                                    Male Circumcision, HIV Counseling and Testing
                         HIV                                                  DoD                                                                     Male Circumcision
                        MNH                                               USAID/MCHIP                                                            Multiple MNH Activities
                        MNH                                              Pathfinder/IFHP                                                       BEmONC training and SBM-R
                        MNH                                                  UNICEF                                                            BEmONC training and SBM-R



Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Activities

    Title of Program or               Primary Monitoring or                                    For Research and Evaluation Activities
         Research/                     Study Data Source(s)              Name of IRB(s) That Approved                                                       Project Status
    Evaluation Activity                                                            Activity


      Male circumcision                   Facility registers             JHU IRB for routine monitoring                         Multi-country ethical clearance under way
                                                                                being developed
Community Kangaroo Mother             Client interviews, facility            JHU SPH, EPHA (local)                              Protocol development is on the final stage
          Care                                 registers
  Cultural barriers affecting       Literature review, focus group           JHU SPH, EPHA (local)                        Literature review started to prepare the protocol
   women’s utilization of           discussion and key informant
   optimal MNH practices                       interview
     Preservice program               Faculty interviews, student            JHU SPH, EPHA (local)                                     Protocol development is underway
         evaluation                 interviews, document review,


M&E-related success story or achievement
• Use of TIMS to monitor all PEPFAR Ethiopia-supported training courses and to follow-up/track providers post
  training
• Importance of M&E was given due attention and it is organized as a unit with three full-time staff
• M&E unit had been instrumental to improve program outcomes by providing evidence-based and timely feedback
- E.g. Data from the M&E unit was instrumental in showing the decline in MC clients and the need of demand
  generation to increase MC uptake
- To shift to opt-out testing approach to improve the proportion of MC clients who are tested for HIV


Key Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Challenges
                                  Challenges                                    How did you or how are you currently addressing these challenges?
1. Delayed roll out of the new Ethiopian HMIS                                    Use program funds to print and distribute the new HMIS tools to MCHIP
                                                                                                             supported sites

2. Absence of baseline data in the SBM-R implementing facilities to            Key output/outcome indicators were selected to be included as part of SBM-R
show improvement of service delivery                                                                  standards to new programs

3. Absence of unique identifiers for individuals is a huge challenge for            In addition to names, we use phone numbers to identify individuals
data quality in TIMS




                                                                                                                                                     This poster was made possible by the generous support of the American people
                                                                                                                                                     through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the
                                                                                                                                                     terms of the Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS-A-00-08-00002-00.
                                                                                                                                                     The contents are the responsibility of the Maternal and Child Health Integrated
                                                                                                                                                     Program (MCHIP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United
                                                                                                                                                     States Government.
Monitoring, Evaluation and Research in Ghana:
                                         a shared commitment and responsibility
                                                                            Country Office staff: 4; Dedicated M&E staff: 0
                                                             Workshop Attendee: Joyce        Ablordeppey, Sr Technical Advisor



                                                                Ghana Team                           Sr Technical
                                                                                                      Advisor*


                                                                     Country                         Sr Technical
                                                                     Director*                        Advisor*


                                                                                                 Finance & Admin
                                                                                                     Assistant

                                                                                                * M&E responsibilities
    Overview of Technical Areas and Donors
                    Technical Areas                                Primary Donor/Mechanism                                   Program Interventions
                            HIV                                           USAID/MCHIP                                            SBM-R, pre-service
                         MALARIA                                          USAID/MCHIP                                            SBM-R, pre-service
                    FAMILY PLANNING                                       USAID/MCHIP                                            SBM-R, pre-service
                      TUBERCULOSIS                                        USAID/MCHIP                                            SBM-R, pre-service
            POST-PARTUM FAMILY PLANNING                                   USAID/MCHIP                                            SBM-R, pre-service
            NEWBORN RESUSCITATION (HBB)                                   USAID/MCHIP                                            SBM-R, pre-service

    Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Activities
        Title of Program or             Primary Monitoring or                                For Research and Evaluation Activities
             Research/                   Study Data Source(s)            Name of IRB(s) That Approved                                  Project Status
        Evaluation Activity                                                        Activity
        Assessing Quality of          1. SBMR Assessments (tutors,         JHU IRB application to be                                  IRB application
        Education, Student            clinical preceptors, students)              submitted
          Competency and              2. Survey of women one year
        Postpartum Family            post delivery in well baby clinic
        Planning Uptake - A
         Comparison Study



Success Story: Using SBMR Data for Advocacy                                                                   Baseline Assessment:
                                                                                                  % Standards achieved in HIV, TB, Malaria and FP
•   This year MCHIP in Ghana is focusing on strengthening                                 Average performance of of 23 schools Teaching Materials; Knowledge & Skills

    HIV, TB, Malaria and FP in pre-service education for
    Midwives, Public and Community Health Nurses
•   SBMR baseline assessment data was used to
    communicate with the National Programmes for HIV,
    TB and Malaria to secure their commitment and
    resources to strengthening pre-service education
•   After a presentation and discussion on the results,
    each program committed trainers for a 2 week period
    to train tutors, provided resource materials and
    committed ongoing support to schools



    Key Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Challenges
                  Challenges                                     How did you or how are you currently addressing these challenges?
    1. Limited indicators for pre-service      Some indicators that we are using include: 1. % of schools participating; 2. % tutors trained; 3. # students who
    activities (e.g. PEPFAR indicators focus      have received training from tutors trained; 4. competence of students trained; 5. Utilization of services
    on in-service training)




                                                                                                                                This poster was made possible by the generous support of the American people
                                                                                                                                through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the
                                                                                                                                terms of the Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS-A-00-08-00002-00.
                                                                                                                                The contents are the responsibility of the Maternal and Child Health Integrated
                                                                                                                                Program (MCHIP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United
                                                                                                                                States Government.
Jhpiego, Baltimore
                                                           Monitoring, Evaluation and Research
                                                                                                                             Jhpiego Global M&E Vision
                                                                                                          Jhpiego measures program results in terms of improved health
Office Overview                                                                                      and lives saved drawing on an organization-wide results framework that
Number of dedicated M&E staff: 12                                                                             articulates pathways and milestones leading to impact.
Workshop Attendees
Number of staff: 10                                                                                                                       Key Activities:
Sr. M&E Advisors: Eva Bazant, Young Mi Kim                                                     1.      Support country programs to: develop M&E plans and frameworks, develop data collection
                                                                                                       tools, analyze qualitative and quantitative data, identify areas and methods for data quality
Health Informatics Advisor: Ed Bunker                                                                  improvement, displaying data including mapping, providing results information systems
RISE Project Director: Catherine Schenck-Yglesias                                              2.      Design and implement operations research in priority areas for the organization
M&E Advisors: Mary Drake, Megan Harris, Mainza Lukobo-Durrell, Reena Sethi, Maya Tholandi
                                                                                               3.      Support the dissemination of Jhpiego’s program and technical results

Director, MER: Linda Fogarty


                                                                               Jhpiego Results Framework
                                                                                      GOAL:
                                                                      Health Status Improved and Lives Saved

                                                                               Strategic Objective:
                                                 Use of MCH/FP/HIV/AIDS Services Increased and Positive Health Behavior Adopted in
                                                                                  the Population


                   Intermediate Result 1:               Intermediate Result 2:                                    Intermediate Result 3:                             Intermediate Result 4:
                Health Systems Strengthened       Quality of Health Services Improved               Availability of Quality Health Services Increased       Improved Health Knowledge, Attitudes and
                                                                                                                                                                 Capacity for Community Action


                    Elements Necessary for a Functional M&E System: Developing M&E Standards
   To support organizational and country program growth we are developing M&E standards based on UNAIDS
   Organizing Framework for a Functional M&E System. Country programs need 1) a dedicated M&E unit with well-
   defined relationships between HQ and field staff, 2) sufficient numbers of trained, dedicated M&E staff
   representing a wide range of skills (including GIS, health informatics, data analysis, etc), 3) strong ties to program
   staff, facility staff, and government representatives, 4) an annually updated M&E plan, 5) a budget sufficient to
   strengthen and maintain a high-quality M&E system, 6) ongoing activities to enhance data use across the
   organization, including global MER meetings, 7) strong monitoring systems from facility to HQ, 8) ability to
   implement targeted surveys to support program development, 9) databases such as RISE and TIMS to
   communicate results across the organization, 10) routine (annual) data quality audits in all country programs,
   11) expertise to carry out program evaluations to demonstrate technical program successes and research to fill
   gaps in knowledge, and 12) publishing and presenting Jhpiego’s program successes and technical innovations.

                                                              Success Story: Tremendous Organizational and MER Growth

                                                                                               Current MER Capacity and Organizational Commitment:
Where we work




                                                                                                      • Fully staffed HQ MER unit with wide range of expertise across M&E
                                                                                                        competencies
                                                                                                      • Quantitative and qualitative research capacity and commitment to
                                                                                                        impact evaluation
                                                                                                      • Investment in information systems to assist country programs and
                                                                                                        organization to track and publish results (RISE, TIMS, SBMR database)
                                                                                                      • Advocating for M&E components in new programs; commitment to
                                                                                                        5-10% of all program funds for M&E

                                                                   Key Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Challenges
                                              Challenges                                                How did you or how are you currently addressing these challenges?
      1. Integrating more successfully into Global Program Operations                       Attending regional, country and GPO general meetings; assisting with quarterly country
                                                                                            review reporting; providing M&E-specific LOE guidance for program planning, budgeting
      2. Helping to ensure data quality at the program level                                Involvement in quarterly country review reporting; providing routine data quality audit tools
                                                                                            and support; requesting annual country visits
      3. Supporting RISE in a way that meets users’ needs across the organization           Involving countries in RISE development process; providing in-person training at global
                                                                                            meeting; developing training guides; planning RISE support into technical assistance visits
      4. Balancing new program development with program technical assistance                Developing a system that tags and searches past proposals, (e.g., by country, donor, technical
                                                                                            area) to make future responses more efficient, richer, and more contextualized

                                                                                                                                                                 This poster was made possible by the generous support of the American people
                                                                                                                                                                 through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the
                                                                                                                                                                 terms of the Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS-A-00-08-00002-00.
                                                                                                                                                                 The contents are the responsibility of the Maternal and Child Health Integrated
                                                                                                                                                                 Program (MCHIP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United
                                                                                                                                                                 States Government.
Haiti
                                               Monitoring, Evaluation and Research
                                               PPFANI Program/                                                         Contraintes                                                  Création des                                                 Structures sanitaires                               Communautaire




                                                                                                                                                           Dialogue communautaire
                                                                                                   Situation de base




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Résultats




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            L’Impact
                                                                                                                       Manque des connaissance                                      comites des adultes                                          •Amélioration des services                          •Support communautaire pour
                                                                                                                       profondes en matière SSR et PF                                                                                             amis-des- jeunes                                    SSR et PF pour les jeunes
                                                                                                                                                                                    et jeunes
                                                 ACCESS -FP
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     •Institionalisation des services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      amis-des-jeunes
                                                                                                                       Initiation des rapports sexuels a                                                                                         Individuel
                                                                                                                       l’âge de 12 à 14 ans

                                               Family Planning Project
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 •Amélioration des
                                                                                                                                                                                    Recherche de base                                             connaissances: PF, source
                                                                                                                       Rumeurs sur la PF                                            participative                                                 d’information et services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Amélioration des SSR
                                                Accessibility- Nippes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 •Utilisation des méthodes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     pour les jeunes mères
 Office Overview                                                                                                       Manque de communication
                                                                                                                       entre les parents/adultes et les
                                                                                                                                                                                    Développement des                                            Social
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     jeunes filles
                                                                                                                       jeunes

 Number of staff: 7                                                                                                    Manque d’opportunités                                        stratégies/                                                  •Amélioration de la
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  communication parents et
                                                                                                                       économiques                                                  interventions                                                 jeunes
                                                                                                                       Manques de satisfaction avec
 Number of dedicated M&E staff: 1                                                                                      les service SSR/PF
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 •Amélioration des
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  connaissances SSR dans la
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  communauté
                                                                                                                                                                                    L’élaboration des                                            •Augmentation de la discussion
                                                                                                                       Facilitateurs                                                matériaux
 Workshop Attendees
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  de SSR
                                                                                                                       Politiques nationales

 Number of staff: 1                                                                                                                                                                 Suivi du projet
 Honore Marie Patrice, Technical Coordinator

                                                                                                                                                                                    Evaluation


 Overview of Technical Areas and Donors

                                                Technical Areas                                                                                          Primary                                                                                        Program Interventions
                                                                                                                                                     Donor/Mechanism
 - Institutional strengthening (friends of youth service improvement,                                                                                                               USAID                                               FP for girls and young mothers
 strengthening technical capacity, staff training, increase range of services,                                                                                                                                                                     aged 15-24
 availability of services, space for the provision of FP services)
 - Community activities (creation of adult and young Committee, clubs,
 development of awareness and education, radio equipment)



    Results dissemination workshop




    Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Activities
                Title of Program or Research/                     Primary Monitoring or Study Data Source(s)                                                                                                        For Research and Evaluation
                      Evaluation Activity                                                                                                                                                                                    Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                         Name of IRB(s) That                                Project Status
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Approved Activity

       Operational research on low FP use                         Primary investigation: interviews, focus                                                                                                   Minister of Health                                 Completed
     determinants by girls and young mothers                           group, institutional records                                                                                                               in Haiti
                 (15 - 24 years)                                               consultation,

                                                                   Evolution de l'utilisation du debut à la fin du                                                                                                                                  Asile- Centre de Sante
Achievements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 1193
                                                                                                                                                                                                             1200
                                                                                        projet
•Fewer early pregnancies in the rural community,                                                                                                                                                             1000
                                                                                                                                                                                      Nombre de olients PF




•Fewer dropout in the second year of                                                                                               1558
                                                                                                                                                                                                              800
implementation of the project (statement by the 2000
                                                                                                                                                                                                              600
Director of the school of Azile : less than 4         1500
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             15-24 yrs.


pregnancies compare to 20 in previous years.)                                      18 mois (Janv 08 – May 09)                                                                                                 400
                                                      1000                        58
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       262

•FP is no longer a taboo, FP is part of the daily                                                                                                                                                             200
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   80                              16
life of the inhabitants of the area the integration of 500                                                                                                                                                     0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    0               7

young people with participatory research project         0                                                                                                                                                           Condom Lo-femenal          DMPA          Norplant           IUD            Other
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               natural
                                                                    utilisatrices de depart             utilisatrices à la fin                                                                                                                                                                 method
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Types de methodesPF

        Key Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Challenges
                                        Challenges                                              How did you or how are you currently addressing these challenges?
   1. Inability for youth to negotiate their sexual relationship linked to                Partnership established with professional / social institutions for preparing
   their socio-economic situation (low income, unemployment)                               girls and young mothers to have a useful trade. Empowering women to
                                                                                                                negotiate sexual relations (FP)
   2. Young mothers lack of decision power.                                                    Men's participation in the activities, training of parents, clubs, and
                                                                                             Committee of surveillance of maternal mortality (the project champion)


                                                                                                                                                                                                                             This poster was made possible by the generous support of the American people
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             terms of the Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS-A-00-08-00002-00.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             The contents are the responsibility of the Maternal and Child Health Integrated
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Program (MCHIP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             States Government.
INDIA
                                                  Monitoring, Evaluation and Research

Office Overview
Number of staff: 58 (MCHIP + Jhpiego)
Number of dedicated M&E staff: 02

Workshop Attendees
Number of staff: 1
Siddhartha Saha, M&E Advisor

Overview of Technical Areas and Donors
        Technical Area(s)                       Primary Donor/Mechanism                                                   Program Interventions
Pre‐Service Education                     MCHIP                                            Strengthening Pre‐service education, SBM‐R
Family Planning                           USAID/MCHIP                                      Strengthening FP services, SBM‐R, Capacity building
Family Planning                           Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation                  Repositioning of PPFP/PPIUCD, SBM‐R, In‐Service Training, IEC/BCC
Family Planning                           Norway‐India Partnership Initiative (NIPI)       Strengthening PPFP/PPIUCD services, In‐Service Training, IEC/BCC
Vaccine Preventable Disease               USAID/MCHIP                                      Capacity building, demonstration of best practices, Supportive
                                                                                           Supervision, New Born Tracking, synergies between PEI & RI
New Born Care                             USAID/MCHIP                                      Supportive Supervision, In‐Service Trainings, Facility strengthening for 
                                                                                           ENC
Water, Sanitation & Hygiene               USAID/MCHIP                                      Double –blinded RCT, IEC/BCC;
Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Activities
              Title of Program or Research/                          Primary Monitoring or Study Data                        For Research and Evaluation Activities
                    Evaluation Activity                                        Source(s)                                Name of IRB(s) That                              Project Status
                                                                                                                         Approved Activity
Assessment of Postpartum Intrauterine Contraceptive  Facility registers, Interviews, FGDs                                                                     Protocol to be submitted 
Device (PPIUCD) Services                                                                                                                                      for IRB
Postpartum Systematic Screening in Jharkhand, India               PPSS tool, Observations                                                                     Protocol to be submitted 
                                                                                                                                                              for IRB
MCHIP Immunization program in India                               WHO Thirty Cluster Survey,  Supportive                                                      Protocol to be submitted 
                                                                  Supervision checklist                                                                       for IRB
Assessment of Facility readiness for ENC/R in two                 Survey, Facility registers
selected districts of Jharkhand



                                                                                                                                                                   ‐




  PPIUCD Facility Registers‐
  Circulated in all PPIUCD service              PPIUCD Facility Reporting  format‐             Project Reporting Tools currently               PPIUCD Multi‐site database 
  delivery sites in 19 states of India          Standardized monthly reporting                 in MS Excel, being developed in                 providing information on PPIUCD 
  in around 40 facilities across                system for all PPIUCD service                  MS Access for data entry and                    insertion, follow‐up etc. for 
  different projects                            delivery sites  (this being new                collation by project field staff                program monitoring 
  (MCHIP/BMGF/NIPI)                             service yet to be integrated in 
                                                electronic HMIS).
Key Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Challenges
                                                  Challenges                                                              How did you or how are you currently
                                                                                                                             addressing these challenges? 
 1. Although, it is crucial to monitor the counseling of pregnant/post‐partum women, timing of                      A column is being added in the clinic registers to 
    counseling (during antenatal period/early labor or postpartum) and subsequent decision of                       record  provision of family planning  counseling 
    acceptance/non‐acceptance of PPFP/PPIUCD and method opted; however, the counseling                              services. The providers are also being sensitized 
    data is poorly recorded in the service records of the facility and is not captured in the                       about the need for this data and on how to capture 
    current HMIS.                                                                                                   this data.
 2. Measuring the practice of ‘Active Management of Third stage of Labor’ which includes (i)                        The use of uterotonic in third stage of labor will 
    administration of uterotonic (Inj. Oxytocin 10 I.U. intramuscular after delivery of baby, (ii)                  only be measured. 
    uterine massage, (iii) controlled cord traction. Although, use of uterotonic is recorded on 
    the case sheets but other two steps are not mentioned in the case sheets.
 3. Number of newborns receiving essential newborn care including essential preventive care                         The health staff will be sensitized and supported for 
    and recognition of danger signs and referral through USG‐supported programs‐ prioritized                        recording some of the steps of essential newborn 
    facilities in focus districts only. At present the facilities do not record all the steps of                    care and resuscitation as proxy during the 
    essential newborn care in the case sheets or registers.                                                         mentoring visits to the facilities.
                                                                                                                                       This poster was made possible by the generous support of the American people
                                                                                                                                       through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the
                                                                                                                                       terms of the Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS‐A‐00‐08‐00002‐00.
                                                                                                                                       The contents are the responsibility of the Maternal and Child Health Integrated
                                                                                                                                       Program (MCHIP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United
                                                                                                                                       States Government.
INDONESIA
                                                      Monitoring, Evaluation and Research
   Office Overview
   Number of staff: ~ 40
   Number of dedicated M&E staff:
   4 for MCHIP, including 2 Jhpiego staff


   Workshop Attendees
   Number of staff: 1
   Mia Pesik, Senior Program Manager
                                                               Community formative research on health practices of the MCHIP key messages : FGD with Health Center Staffs


Overview of Technical Areas and Donors
                  Technical Area(s)                                       Primary Donor/Mechanism                                  Program Interventions
                          MNH                                          USAID/MCHIP, ExxonMobil, Chevron                 Community, facility, health office management
              Cervical Cancer Screening                                           Ford Foundation                                                       VIA
                 Infection Prevention                                                   GITEC                             Pre-service infection prevention curriculum



Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Activities
     Title of Program or                     Primary Monitoring or                                        For Research and Evaluation Activities
          Research/                           Study Data Source(s)                Name of IRB(s) That Approved                              Project Status
     Evaluation Activity                                                                    Activity
    Evaluation of Quality                 Clinical observations, facility                       JHU IRB                                     Report writing
 improvement interventions               registers, provider interviews
    Assessment of referral                  Interviews of postpartum                            JHU IRB                                     Report writing
          processes                                  women
   Handwashing practices                       Videotaping, in-depth              London School of Hygiene and                              Report writing
   amongst mothers with                       interviews, focus group            Tropical Medicine (collaboration
        newborns                                    discussions                           with Unilever
    Community formative                   Interview with community,                             JHU IRB                                     Report writing
 research on health practices              health practices at health
 of the MCHIP key messages               center, midwives, and district
                                                  health office
 CECAP Appreciative Inquiry                      Client interviews                              JHU IRB                                     Report writing

  Ongoing SBM-R initiatives                         SBM-R tools                                                                                   On-going



                                     SBMR Calculator
                                     •      What? Develop a calculator to help midwives, health centers and
                                            hospitals analyze their SBMR data
                                     •      Why? Total number of standard performance in each SBMR tool is
                                            a lot and limitation of midwives, health centers and hospitals
                                            staffs’ skills on Ms. Office (Excel) in order to generate the graphs.
                                            No special data operator at midwives, health centers and hospitals
 Main Menu                                  to entry and analyze SBMR data also become the reason of the
                                            calculator development.




Key Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Challenges
                                    Challenges                                             How did you or how are you currently addressing these challenges?
1. Prioritizing the key indicators—balancing between the “nice to                                            Consultation with M&E team in Washington
   know” and “need to know”

2. Using the existing data collection at district level to answer the key                Assessment on the existing data collection system at district level (starts from
   indicators                                                                                             the village, subdistrict and district level)

3. Prioritizing SBM-R standards—how to balance wanting to measure                         At this time, we are measuring broader quality but also feeling a need to be
   compliance with key life-saving interventions and wanting to                           able to measure the most important life-saving interventions amongst those
   measure broader quality of care                                                                                        standards



                                                                                                                                     This poster was made possible by the generous support of the American people
                                                                                                                                     through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the
                                                                                                                                     terms of the Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS-A-00-08-00002-00.
                                                                                                                                     The contents are the responsibility of the Maternal and Child Health Integrated
                                                                                                                                     Program (MCHIP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United
                                                                                                                                     States Government.
Liberia
                                                   Monitoring, Evaluation and Research
     Office Overview
     Number of staff:2 MCHIP, 2 RBHS
     Number of dedicated M&E staff: 0

     Workshop Attendees
     Number of staff: 1
     Comfort Gebeh, MCHIP FP/RH Advisor




Overview of Technical Areas and Donors
                   Technical Area(s)                                   Primary Donor/Mechanism                               Program Interventions
     EmONC, FP, Child Health, ASRH, HIV/AIDS,TB,                    USAID, sub on RBHS bilateral with JSI         PSE, SBMR, training, policy/guidelines, clinical
        Malaria, Mental Health, Emergency                                                                                      site strengthening
                             FP                                                USAID/MCHIP                        Policy, in-service training, site renovation, BCC


Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Activities
       Title of Program or                Primary Monitoring or                                   For Research and Evaluation Activities
            Research/                      Study Data Source(s)               Name of IRB(s) That Approved                         Project Status
       Evaluation Activity                                                              Activity
           Task Analysis                     Provider interviews                          JHSPH                                      Complete
         BPHS monitoring                Service statistics, TIMS forms,                     n/a                                       Ongoing
                                          Reports from site TA visits
        EPI/FP Integration                     Facility registers              JHSPH – Submission pending                             Planning
                 FP                     Facility registers, TIMS forms,                     n/a                                       Ongoing
                                          Reports from site TA visits
          PPH prevention                               TBD                                 TBD                                         Design

 • Task analysis provided evidence to strengthen MNH
   clinical practice requirements of PA and RN curricula
 • Task analysis results presented at several
   conferences, including upcoming Global Health
   Council
 •    Increased availability of data on MNH services

         Data Quality Exercise, FP Data Jan-March2011,
                          2 Hospitals

 Indicator                      Facility Difference    % Match
                HIS Report    Registers
 New FP
                                            289        120%
 clients           1741        1452

 Revisit FP
                                           -134        96%
 clients
                   3102        3236


Key Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Challenges
                                      Challenges                                     How did you or how are you currently addressing these challenges?
1. Data quality                                                                     Initial visit conducted and site-level plans made. MCHIP to provide regular
                                                                                    follow-up. Liaising with USAID bilateral where Jhpiego is sub to follow-up data
                                                                                    quality concerns for facilities supported by RBHS, and negotiating with USAID
                                                                                    to reorganize resources in order to provide regular sites visits that include
                                                                                    data quality and clinical technical assistance for non-RBHS MCHIP sites.
                                                                                    Considering development of job aid to standardize reporting.
2. Coordinated follow-up between MOH, MCHIP and RBHS                                Conduct joint site visits with MOH, MCHIP and RBHS (where applicable).


3. Use of data by facility staff                                                    Monthly mentoring monitoring visits with feedback to facility staff


                                                                                                                                       This poster was made possible by the
                                                                                                                                       generous support of the American
                                                                                                                                       people through the United States Agency
                                                                                                                                       for International Development (USAID),
                                                                                                                                       under the terms of the Leader with
                                                                                                                                       Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS-
                                                                                                                                       A-00-08-00002-00. The contents are the
                                                                                                                                       responsibility of the Maternal and Child


                                                                               RBHS
                                                                                                                                       Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) and
                                                                                                                                       do not necessarily reflect the views of
                                                                                                                                       USAID or the United States Government.
MALAWI
                                                                                                       Monitoring, Evaluation and Research
   Office Overview
   Number of staff: 28
   Number of dedicated M&E staff: 3

   Workshop Attendees
   Number of staff: 1
   Aleisha Rozario, M&E Advisor




                                                                                                            List the primary technical areas (e.g., MNH, HIV, etc.) covered by your program and your major donors,
Overview of Technical Areas and Donors                                                                      for example:
                                     Technical Area(s)                                                                                 Primary Donor/Mechanism                                                                                             Program Interventions
                                                      HIV                                                                                               USAID/MCHIP                                                                           SBM-R in PMTCT, Male Circumcision,
                                                     MNH                                                                                                                                                                 BEmONC, Community MNH/Mobilization, KMC,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      SBM-R in RH
                                             Child Health                                                                                                                                                                                                     Water and Sanitation,
                                                   Malaria                                                                                                                                                                                                        IEC, LLIN distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Performance Based Incentives linked to SBM-R
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Helping Babies Breathe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PPFP, FP Social Marketing
                                                                                                                                    List the primary monitoring, research and evaluation activities currently under way in your office, for
Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Activities                                                                                      example:
        Title of Program or                                                             Primary Monitoring or                                                                                              For Research and Evaluation Activities
             Research/                                                                   Study Data Source(s)                                         Name of IRB(s) That Approved                                                                                       Project Status
        Evaluation Activity                                                                                                                                     Activity
          SBM-R evaluation                                                             Client interviews, provider                                          WIRB and NHSRC/Malawi                                                      Manuscript submitted to Midwifery Journal
                                                                                        interviews, facility HMIS,
                                                                                           SBM-R assessments
          Male circumcision                                                      Facility registers, mobile clinic                                    JHU IRB for routine monitoring                                                       Multi-country ethical clearance under way
                                                                                             registers                                                      being developed
  Malaria Tracking Results                                                                   Client interviews                                                       COMREC Malawi                                                          IRB protocol submitted, awaiting review
 Continuously (TRaC) Study
 Family Planning TRaC Study                                                                  Client interviews                                          COMREC or NHSRC IRB being                                                                                 Protocol under draft
                                                                                                                                                               developed
    Helping Babies Breathe                                                            Provider observations, client                                                                                                           Concept note developed and under finalization
          Evaluation                                                                  interviews, service statistics
        Increased coverage in MNH-PMTCT in MCHIP supported sites, Phalombe district                                                 Direct Obstetric Deaths decline as PQI scores increase, Machinga Disrtict                              Deliveries by SBA rise at Mpasa Health Center as PQI scores increase
                                                                                                                                    Hospital
  100                                                            92.6                                                         100         3.2                                       3.5                                               70                                            65        90
                                                   88.4                               87.3                                                                                                                                                                        63
   90                                80.9                                      82.1                                                                                      88
                                                                        75.7                                                  90                         2.9                                                                                                                 79.8             80
   80                                                                                                                                                                               3.0                                               60
                                                                                                                                                                         2.7
   70                                                                                                                         80                                                                                                                                                              70
   60                                       51.4          51.5                                                                                                                      2.5                                               50
                                                                                                                              70                          63                                               PQI RH                                          61.2                               60
   50                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       59.2
                                                                                                             Percentage (%)




                                                                                                                                                                                          Percentage (%)




                                                                                                                                                                                                           scores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Percentage




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Percentage




                                                                                                                              60                                                                                                      40
   40                                                                                                                                                                               2.0                                                                                                       50
                       24.5                                                                  Intervention                     50                                                                                                                                                                                PQI score
   30    23.3                                                                                                                                                                                              Direct
                19.8                                                                                                                       39                                                                                         30                                                      40
   20                                                                                        Control                                                                                1.5                    Obstetric                                                                                            % SBA
                              8.74                                                                                            40                                                                                                                   22
   10                                                                                                                                                                                                      Death Rate                                                                         30
                                                                                                                              30                                                    1.0                                               20
    0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         20
            % of    % preg.    % preg.  % preg.     % HIV     % HIV                                                           20
                                                                                                                                                                                    0.5                                               10
           pregn.   women women         women positive positive                                                               10                                                                                                                                                              10
          women attending receiving      newly      preg.     preg.
                                                                                                                               0                                                    0.0                                                0                                                      0
         attending ANC in 1st >2 doses tested for women women
          > 4 ANC trimester     IPTp      HIV     receiving receiving                                                                    2008            2009           2010                                                                    2008           2009              2010
            visits                                   CPT      ARVs

Key Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Challenges                                                                                                Description of up to three key M&E challenges for your unit

                                                                           Challenges                                                                                 How did you or how are you currently addressing these challenges?
1. The Malawi National Health Sciences Committee (NHSRC) charges a                                                                                                   USG and other donors in the country have taken up the issue with NHSRC to
10% fee based on the study budget for all approved studies. Because                                                                                                    discuss an agreement. Operational research that may be considered as
the fee is considered unethical, this will limit Jhpiego’s participation in                                                                                          “development assistance” are being submitted for IRB approval and a waiver
any operational research to be conducted in the country.                                                                                                                                      of the fee is requested.
2. HMIS system does not collect the host of indicators required by the                                                                                                  MCHIP is looking into partnering with the MOH to set up a sentinel site
MCHIP program and there is tremendous resistance to introducing                                                                                                        surveillance system for selected MNH, Malaria, and HIV related indicators.
parallel systems for data collection, unless approved by the MOH                                                                                                       MCHIP will also explore the use of electronic systems to collect data at the
                                                                                                                                                                                                      point of care.
3. Quality of data is generally poor, requiring active follow-up by                                                                                                      M&E personnel have been included in all supportive supervision visits to
program staff.                                                                                                                                                             provide an opportunity for M&E mentoring and validation of data.



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  This poster was made possible by the generous support of the American people
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  terms of the Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS-A-00-08-00002-00.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The contents are the responsibility of the Maternal and Child Health Integrated
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Program (MCHIP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  States Government.
MALI
                                                 Monitoring, Evaluation and Research


    MALI Office Overview
    Number of staff: 9 technical
    Number of dedicated M&E staff: 2
                                                                                                                                                           MCHIP Chief of party
                                                                                                                                                                Dr Diarra
    Workshop Attendees
    Number of staff: 1
    Dr Camara Tiguida
                                                                                                       Maternal health /FP                Newborn Health                     Child health/CCM                          Monitoring and
                                                                          Program Assistante                                                                                      Advisor
    Monitoring and Evaluation Manager                                                                       Advisor                          Advisor                                                                 Evaluation Manager
                                                                                                          Mme Haidara                           Dr Kanté                          Dr Ouattara                              Dr Tiguida




                                                                                                       Regianal cordinator of
                                                                                                         Kayes Dr Yorotté




                                                                                     District Cordinator of
                                                                                               Kita                    District cordinator of
                                                                                                                               Diéma
                                                                                           Dr Lazare
                                                                                                                                Dr Lala




Overview of Technical Areas and Donors
                   Technical Area(s)                                  Primary Donor/Mechanism                                                                      Program Interventions
                    Maternal Health                                        USAID/MCHIP                                                           Active Management of Third Stage of Labor
                                                                 Organization of Islamic Conference                                                     Postpartum Family Planning
                                                                                                                                                             Postabortion Care
                                                                                                                                                         Oxytocin in Uniject Device
                    Newborn Health                                          USAID/MCHIP                                                                             Essential Newborn Care
                                                                                                                                                                    Kangaroo Mother Care
                         Child Health                                       USAID/MCHIP                                                                       Community Case Management



Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Activities
     Title of Program or                Primary Monitoring or                                                 For Research and Evaluation Activities
          Research/                      Study Data Source(s)             Name of IRB(s) That Approved                                                                      Project Status
     Evaluation Activity                                                            Activity
     Baseline Assessments               Client interviews, provider                 Ministry of Health                                                                      Planning Phase
                                         interviews, facility need
                                                assessment

   Use of matrons to provide            Client interviews, provider                 Ministry of Health                                                                      Planning Phase
   LAM at community health               interviews, facility HMIS,
            center

Key Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Challenges
                                  Challenges                                       How did you or how are you currently addressing these challenges?
1. High expectations from the Mission in regards to measurable results           We will work with the HMIS and existing data collection systems to build
within a short timeframe                                                         capacity and ensure effective and efficient data collection




                                                                                                                                                                      This poster was made possible by the generous support of the American people
                                                                                                                                                                      through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the
                                                                                                                                                                      terms of the Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS-A-00-08-00002-00.
                                                                                                                                                                      The contents are the responsibility of the Maternal and Child Health Integrated
                                                                                                                                                                      Program (MCHIP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United
                                                                                                                                                                      States Government.
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  • 2. Botswana Monitoring, Evaluation and  Research Office Overview Number of staff:            15 Number of dedicated M&E staff:   1 Workshop Attendees Number of staff:         1 Name:               Rudo M. Mhonde  Title:                                  M&E Advisor Overview of Technical Areas and Donors Technical Area(s) Primary Donor/Mechanism Program Interventions MALE CIRCUMCISION PEPFAR/CDC Expansion of Male Circumcision Services to Prevent HIV  in Botswana (MC Training and Service Delivery) PRE‐SERVICE EDUCATION PEPFAR/CDC Strengthening PSE programs in Health Training  Institutions Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Activities Title of Program or Research/  Primary Monitoring or Study  For Research and Evaluation Activities Evaluation Activity Data Source(s) Name of IRB(s) That Approved Activity Project Status Male Circumcision Facility registers, training register,  n/a n/a mentoring tool Pre Service Education Training registers, site visit  n/a n/a assessment tool A Study of Adverse Events Related  Client interviews, facility registers JHU SPH, CDC, MOH HRDC Awaiting approval from JHU, CDC and MOH HRDC  to Male Circumcision In Botswana Review Boards Assessment of In‐service HIV and  Health care provider interviews,  JHU SPH, MOH HRDC CDC Non research determination obtained from MOH HRDC  AIDS Training Methods and  management interviews, Event  (Botswana) and JHU SPH Review Boards. Awaiting Models in Botswana Costing worksheet, focus group  approval from CDC discussions Male circumcision Facility registers,  Facility quality  JHU SPH for routine monitoring being Multi‐country ethical clearance under way assessment developed M&E‐related success story or  achievement of our program • Jhpiego has trained 72 Health care providers on MC (including SMC M&E & QA) since November 2010. SMC data quality has improved considerably in facilities where Rudo Msipa Mhonde Introduction to Computing  A trainee recording data during SMC  the health care providers were M&E Advisor Lesson  Gaborone IHS, Computer  Lab Training trained. • Jhpiego has set up proxy networks in IHSs after monitoring challenges with internet access and connectivity. All students now have individual internet accounts. • Two protocols for a study on Adverse Events Related to Male Circumcision In Botswana and an Assessment of In‐service HIV and AIDS Training Methods and Models in Botswana have been submitted and the latter has been approved. Key Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Challenges Challenges How did you or how are you currently addressing these  challenges?  1. Final National SMC M&E framework not yet in place so it is difficult to develop a final  Periodic review and reorientation of M&E plans, budgets  Jhpiego SMC M&E plan. MOH and CDC yet to  give final guidance on Jhpiego focus area  and continuous consultation with MOH and CDC. (Training /Service delivery). 2. Changing targets and unclear reporting guidelines due to changes in Jhpiego SOW and  Maintaining close collaboration with MOH in planning  MOH SMC scale up plans. processes. 3. Lack of current textbooks and journals for student use in Health Institutions E‐granary installed and increased wireless internet access This poster was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the terms of the Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS‐A‐00‐08‐00002‐00. The contents are the responsibility of the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.
  • 3. Ethiopia Monitoring, Evaluation & Research Country Director Office Overview Number of staff: 49 Deputy Country Finance & Admin Director Director Number of dedicated M&E staff: 3 Technical Director HCT Team Workshop Attendees Infection Prevention (IP) Maternal Neonatal and Child Health (MNCH) Number of staff:2 Male Performance Improvement (PI) Team Circumcisio Unit Ephrem Daniel, M&E Advisor n (MC) Team Pre-service Education (PSE) Tsigereda Bekele, M&E Officer Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Unit Senior Program Officer Overview of Technical Areas and Donors Technical Area(s) Primary Donor/Mechanism Program Interventions HIV CDC/JHU TSEHAI Male Circumcision, HIV Counseling and Testing HIV DoD Male Circumcision MNH USAID/MCHIP Multiple MNH Activities MNH Pathfinder/IFHP BEmONC training and SBM-R MNH UNICEF BEmONC training and SBM-R Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Activities Title of Program or Primary Monitoring or For Research and Evaluation Activities Research/ Study Data Source(s) Name of IRB(s) That Approved Project Status Evaluation Activity Activity Male circumcision Facility registers JHU IRB for routine monitoring Multi-country ethical clearance under way being developed Community Kangaroo Mother Client interviews, facility JHU SPH, EPHA (local) Protocol development is on the final stage Care registers Cultural barriers affecting Literature review, focus group JHU SPH, EPHA (local) Literature review started to prepare the protocol women’s utilization of discussion and key informant optimal MNH practices interview Preservice program Faculty interviews, student JHU SPH, EPHA (local) Protocol development is underway evaluation interviews, document review, M&E-related success story or achievement • Use of TIMS to monitor all PEPFAR Ethiopia-supported training courses and to follow-up/track providers post training • Importance of M&E was given due attention and it is organized as a unit with three full-time staff • M&E unit had been instrumental to improve program outcomes by providing evidence-based and timely feedback - E.g. Data from the M&E unit was instrumental in showing the decline in MC clients and the need of demand generation to increase MC uptake - To shift to opt-out testing approach to improve the proportion of MC clients who are tested for HIV Key Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Challenges Challenges How did you or how are you currently addressing these challenges? 1. Delayed roll out of the new Ethiopian HMIS Use program funds to print and distribute the new HMIS tools to MCHIP supported sites 2. Absence of baseline data in the SBM-R implementing facilities to Key output/outcome indicators were selected to be included as part of SBM-R show improvement of service delivery standards to new programs 3. Absence of unique identifiers for individuals is a huge challenge for In addition to names, we use phone numbers to identify individuals data quality in TIMS This poster was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the terms of the Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS-A-00-08-00002-00. The contents are the responsibility of the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.
  • 4. Monitoring, Evaluation and Research in Ghana: a shared commitment and responsibility Country Office staff: 4; Dedicated M&E staff: 0 Workshop Attendee: Joyce Ablordeppey, Sr Technical Advisor Ghana Team Sr Technical Advisor* Country Sr Technical Director* Advisor* Finance & Admin Assistant * M&E responsibilities Overview of Technical Areas and Donors Technical Areas Primary Donor/Mechanism Program Interventions HIV USAID/MCHIP SBM-R, pre-service MALARIA USAID/MCHIP SBM-R, pre-service FAMILY PLANNING USAID/MCHIP SBM-R, pre-service TUBERCULOSIS USAID/MCHIP SBM-R, pre-service POST-PARTUM FAMILY PLANNING USAID/MCHIP SBM-R, pre-service NEWBORN RESUSCITATION (HBB) USAID/MCHIP SBM-R, pre-service Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Activities Title of Program or Primary Monitoring or For Research and Evaluation Activities Research/ Study Data Source(s) Name of IRB(s) That Approved Project Status Evaluation Activity Activity Assessing Quality of 1. SBMR Assessments (tutors, JHU IRB application to be IRB application Education, Student clinical preceptors, students) submitted Competency and 2. Survey of women one year Postpartum Family post delivery in well baby clinic Planning Uptake - A Comparison Study Success Story: Using SBMR Data for Advocacy Baseline Assessment: % Standards achieved in HIV, TB, Malaria and FP • This year MCHIP in Ghana is focusing on strengthening Average performance of of 23 schools Teaching Materials; Knowledge & Skills HIV, TB, Malaria and FP in pre-service education for Midwives, Public and Community Health Nurses • SBMR baseline assessment data was used to communicate with the National Programmes for HIV, TB and Malaria to secure their commitment and resources to strengthening pre-service education • After a presentation and discussion on the results, each program committed trainers for a 2 week period to train tutors, provided resource materials and committed ongoing support to schools Key Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Challenges Challenges How did you or how are you currently addressing these challenges? 1. Limited indicators for pre-service Some indicators that we are using include: 1. % of schools participating; 2. % tutors trained; 3. # students who activities (e.g. PEPFAR indicators focus have received training from tutors trained; 4. competence of students trained; 5. Utilization of services on in-service training) This poster was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the terms of the Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS-A-00-08-00002-00. The contents are the responsibility of the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.
  • 5. Jhpiego, Baltimore Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Jhpiego Global M&E Vision Jhpiego measures program results in terms of improved health Office Overview and lives saved drawing on an organization-wide results framework that Number of dedicated M&E staff: 12 articulates pathways and milestones leading to impact. Workshop Attendees Number of staff: 10 Key Activities: Sr. M&E Advisors: Eva Bazant, Young Mi Kim 1. Support country programs to: develop M&E plans and frameworks, develop data collection tools, analyze qualitative and quantitative data, identify areas and methods for data quality Health Informatics Advisor: Ed Bunker improvement, displaying data including mapping, providing results information systems RISE Project Director: Catherine Schenck-Yglesias 2. Design and implement operations research in priority areas for the organization M&E Advisors: Mary Drake, Megan Harris, Mainza Lukobo-Durrell, Reena Sethi, Maya Tholandi 3. Support the dissemination of Jhpiego’s program and technical results Director, MER: Linda Fogarty Jhpiego Results Framework GOAL: Health Status Improved and Lives Saved Strategic Objective: Use of MCH/FP/HIV/AIDS Services Increased and Positive Health Behavior Adopted in the Population Intermediate Result 1: Intermediate Result 2: Intermediate Result 3: Intermediate Result 4: Health Systems Strengthened Quality of Health Services Improved Availability of Quality Health Services Increased Improved Health Knowledge, Attitudes and Capacity for Community Action Elements Necessary for a Functional M&E System: Developing M&E Standards To support organizational and country program growth we are developing M&E standards based on UNAIDS Organizing Framework for a Functional M&E System. Country programs need 1) a dedicated M&E unit with well- defined relationships between HQ and field staff, 2) sufficient numbers of trained, dedicated M&E staff representing a wide range of skills (including GIS, health informatics, data analysis, etc), 3) strong ties to program staff, facility staff, and government representatives, 4) an annually updated M&E plan, 5) a budget sufficient to strengthen and maintain a high-quality M&E system, 6) ongoing activities to enhance data use across the organization, including global MER meetings, 7) strong monitoring systems from facility to HQ, 8) ability to implement targeted surveys to support program development, 9) databases such as RISE and TIMS to communicate results across the organization, 10) routine (annual) data quality audits in all country programs, 11) expertise to carry out program evaluations to demonstrate technical program successes and research to fill gaps in knowledge, and 12) publishing and presenting Jhpiego’s program successes and technical innovations. Success Story: Tremendous Organizational and MER Growth Current MER Capacity and Organizational Commitment: Where we work • Fully staffed HQ MER unit with wide range of expertise across M&E competencies • Quantitative and qualitative research capacity and commitment to impact evaluation • Investment in information systems to assist country programs and organization to track and publish results (RISE, TIMS, SBMR database) • Advocating for M&E components in new programs; commitment to 5-10% of all program funds for M&E Key Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Challenges Challenges How did you or how are you currently addressing these challenges? 1. Integrating more successfully into Global Program Operations Attending regional, country and GPO general meetings; assisting with quarterly country review reporting; providing M&E-specific LOE guidance for program planning, budgeting 2. Helping to ensure data quality at the program level Involvement in quarterly country review reporting; providing routine data quality audit tools and support; requesting annual country visits 3. Supporting RISE in a way that meets users’ needs across the organization Involving countries in RISE development process; providing in-person training at global meeting; developing training guides; planning RISE support into technical assistance visits 4. Balancing new program development with program technical assistance Developing a system that tags and searches past proposals, (e.g., by country, donor, technical area) to make future responses more efficient, richer, and more contextualized This poster was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the terms of the Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS-A-00-08-00002-00. The contents are the responsibility of the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.
  • 6. Haiti Monitoring, Evaluation and Research PPFANI Program/ Contraintes Création des Structures sanitaires Communautaire Dialogue communautaire Situation de base Résultats L’Impact Manque des connaissance comites des adultes •Amélioration des services •Support communautaire pour profondes en matière SSR et PF amis-des- jeunes SSR et PF pour les jeunes et jeunes ACCESS -FP •Institionalisation des services amis-des-jeunes Initiation des rapports sexuels a Individuel l’âge de 12 à 14 ans Family Planning Project •Amélioration des Recherche de base connaissances: PF, source Rumeurs sur la PF participative d’information et services Amélioration des SSR Accessibility- Nippes •Utilisation des méthodes pour les jeunes mères Office Overview Manque de communication entre les parents/adultes et les Développement des Social jeunes filles jeunes Number of staff: 7 Manque d’opportunités stratégies/ •Amélioration de la communication parents et économiques interventions jeunes Manques de satisfaction avec Number of dedicated M&E staff: 1 les service SSR/PF •Amélioration des connaissances SSR dans la communauté L’élaboration des •Augmentation de la discussion Facilitateurs matériaux Workshop Attendees de SSR Politiques nationales Number of staff: 1 Suivi du projet Honore Marie Patrice, Technical Coordinator Evaluation Overview of Technical Areas and Donors Technical Areas Primary Program Interventions Donor/Mechanism - Institutional strengthening (friends of youth service improvement, USAID FP for girls and young mothers strengthening technical capacity, staff training, increase range of services, aged 15-24 availability of services, space for the provision of FP services) - Community activities (creation of adult and young Committee, clubs, development of awareness and education, radio equipment) Results dissemination workshop Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Activities Title of Program or Research/ Primary Monitoring or Study Data Source(s) For Research and Evaluation Evaluation Activity Activities Name of IRB(s) That Project Status Approved Activity Operational research on low FP use Primary investigation: interviews, focus Minister of Health Completed determinants by girls and young mothers group, institutional records in Haiti (15 - 24 years) consultation, Evolution de l'utilisation du debut à la fin du Asile- Centre de Sante Achievements 1193 1200 projet •Fewer early pregnancies in the rural community, 1000 Nombre de olients PF •Fewer dropout in the second year of 1558 800 implementation of the project (statement by the 2000 600 Director of the school of Azile : less than 4 1500 15-24 yrs. pregnancies compare to 20 in previous years.) 18 mois (Janv 08 – May 09) 400 1000 58 262 •FP is no longer a taboo, FP is part of the daily 200 80 16 life of the inhabitants of the area the integration of 500 0 0 7 young people with participatory research project 0 Condom Lo-femenal DMPA Norplant IUD Other natural utilisatrices de depart utilisatrices à la fin method Types de methodesPF Key Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Challenges Challenges How did you or how are you currently addressing these challenges? 1. Inability for youth to negotiate their sexual relationship linked to Partnership established with professional / social institutions for preparing their socio-economic situation (low income, unemployment) girls and young mothers to have a useful trade. Empowering women to negotiate sexual relations (FP) 2. Young mothers lack of decision power. Men's participation in the activities, training of parents, clubs, and Committee of surveillance of maternal mortality (the project champion) This poster was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the terms of the Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS-A-00-08-00002-00. The contents are the responsibility of the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.
  • 7. INDIA Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Office Overview Number of staff: 58 (MCHIP + Jhpiego) Number of dedicated M&E staff: 02 Workshop Attendees Number of staff: 1 Siddhartha Saha, M&E Advisor Overview of Technical Areas and Donors Technical Area(s) Primary Donor/Mechanism Program Interventions Pre‐Service Education MCHIP Strengthening Pre‐service education, SBM‐R Family Planning USAID/MCHIP Strengthening FP services, SBM‐R, Capacity building Family Planning Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Repositioning of PPFP/PPIUCD, SBM‐R, In‐Service Training, IEC/BCC Family Planning Norway‐India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) Strengthening PPFP/PPIUCD services, In‐Service Training, IEC/BCC Vaccine Preventable Disease USAID/MCHIP Capacity building, demonstration of best practices, Supportive Supervision, New Born Tracking, synergies between PEI & RI New Born Care USAID/MCHIP Supportive Supervision, In‐Service Trainings, Facility strengthening for  ENC Water, Sanitation & Hygiene USAID/MCHIP Double –blinded RCT, IEC/BCC; Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Activities Title of Program or Research/  Primary Monitoring or Study Data  For Research and Evaluation Activities Evaluation Activity Source(s) Name of IRB(s) That  Project Status Approved Activity Assessment of Postpartum Intrauterine Contraceptive  Facility registers, Interviews, FGDs Protocol to be submitted  Device (PPIUCD) Services for IRB Postpartum Systematic Screening in Jharkhand, India  PPSS tool, Observations Protocol to be submitted  for IRB MCHIP Immunization program in India WHO Thirty Cluster Survey,  Supportive  Protocol to be submitted  Supervision checklist for IRB Assessment of Facility readiness for ENC/R in two  Survey, Facility registers selected districts of Jharkhand ‐ PPIUCD Facility Registers‐ Circulated in all PPIUCD service  PPIUCD Facility Reporting  format‐ Project Reporting Tools currently  PPIUCD Multi‐site database  delivery sites in 19 states of India  Standardized monthly reporting  in MS Excel, being developed in  providing information on PPIUCD  in around 40 facilities across  system for all PPIUCD service  MS Access for data entry and  insertion, follow‐up etc. for  different projects  delivery sites  (this being new  collation by project field staff  program monitoring  (MCHIP/BMGF/NIPI) service yet to be integrated in  electronic HMIS). Key Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Challenges Challenges How did you or how are you currently addressing these challenges?  1. Although, it is crucial to monitor the counseling of pregnant/post‐partum women, timing of  A column is being added in the clinic registers to  counseling (during antenatal period/early labor or postpartum) and subsequent decision of  record  provision of family planning  counseling  acceptance/non‐acceptance of PPFP/PPIUCD and method opted; however, the counseling  services. The providers are also being sensitized  data is poorly recorded in the service records of the facility and is not captured in the  about the need for this data and on how to capture  current HMIS.  this data. 2. Measuring the practice of ‘Active Management of Third stage of Labor’ which includes (i)  The use of uterotonic in third stage of labor will  administration of uterotonic (Inj. Oxytocin 10 I.U. intramuscular after delivery of baby, (ii)  only be measured.  uterine massage, (iii) controlled cord traction. Although, use of uterotonic is recorded on  the case sheets but other two steps are not mentioned in the case sheets. 3. Number of newborns receiving essential newborn care including essential preventive care  The health staff will be sensitized and supported for  and recognition of danger signs and referral through USG‐supported programs‐ prioritized  recording some of the steps of essential newborn  facilities in focus districts only. At present the facilities do not record all the steps of  care and resuscitation as proxy during the  essential newborn care in the case sheets or registers. mentoring visits to the facilities. This poster was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the terms of the Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS‐A‐00‐08‐00002‐00. The contents are the responsibility of the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.
  • 8. INDONESIA Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Office Overview Number of staff: ~ 40 Number of dedicated M&E staff: 4 for MCHIP, including 2 Jhpiego staff Workshop Attendees Number of staff: 1 Mia Pesik, Senior Program Manager Community formative research on health practices of the MCHIP key messages : FGD with Health Center Staffs Overview of Technical Areas and Donors Technical Area(s) Primary Donor/Mechanism Program Interventions MNH USAID/MCHIP, ExxonMobil, Chevron Community, facility, health office management Cervical Cancer Screening Ford Foundation VIA Infection Prevention GITEC Pre-service infection prevention curriculum Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Activities Title of Program or Primary Monitoring or For Research and Evaluation Activities Research/ Study Data Source(s) Name of IRB(s) That Approved Project Status Evaluation Activity Activity Evaluation of Quality Clinical observations, facility JHU IRB Report writing improvement interventions registers, provider interviews Assessment of referral Interviews of postpartum JHU IRB Report writing processes women Handwashing practices Videotaping, in-depth London School of Hygiene and Report writing amongst mothers with interviews, focus group Tropical Medicine (collaboration newborns discussions with Unilever Community formative Interview with community, JHU IRB Report writing research on health practices health practices at health of the MCHIP key messages center, midwives, and district health office CECAP Appreciative Inquiry Client interviews JHU IRB Report writing Ongoing SBM-R initiatives SBM-R tools On-going SBMR Calculator • What? Develop a calculator to help midwives, health centers and hospitals analyze their SBMR data • Why? Total number of standard performance in each SBMR tool is a lot and limitation of midwives, health centers and hospitals staffs’ skills on Ms. Office (Excel) in order to generate the graphs. No special data operator at midwives, health centers and hospitals Main Menu to entry and analyze SBMR data also become the reason of the calculator development. Key Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Challenges Challenges How did you or how are you currently addressing these challenges? 1. Prioritizing the key indicators—balancing between the “nice to Consultation with M&E team in Washington know” and “need to know” 2. Using the existing data collection at district level to answer the key Assessment on the existing data collection system at district level (starts from indicators the village, subdistrict and district level) 3. Prioritizing SBM-R standards—how to balance wanting to measure At this time, we are measuring broader quality but also feeling a need to be compliance with key life-saving interventions and wanting to able to measure the most important life-saving interventions amongst those measure broader quality of care standards This poster was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the terms of the Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS-A-00-08-00002-00. The contents are the responsibility of the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.
  • 9. Liberia Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Office Overview Number of staff:2 MCHIP, 2 RBHS Number of dedicated M&E staff: 0 Workshop Attendees Number of staff: 1 Comfort Gebeh, MCHIP FP/RH Advisor Overview of Technical Areas and Donors Technical Area(s) Primary Donor/Mechanism Program Interventions EmONC, FP, Child Health, ASRH, HIV/AIDS,TB, USAID, sub on RBHS bilateral with JSI PSE, SBMR, training, policy/guidelines, clinical Malaria, Mental Health, Emergency site strengthening FP USAID/MCHIP Policy, in-service training, site renovation, BCC Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Activities Title of Program or Primary Monitoring or For Research and Evaluation Activities Research/ Study Data Source(s) Name of IRB(s) That Approved Project Status Evaluation Activity Activity Task Analysis Provider interviews JHSPH Complete BPHS monitoring Service statistics, TIMS forms, n/a Ongoing Reports from site TA visits EPI/FP Integration Facility registers JHSPH – Submission pending Planning FP Facility registers, TIMS forms, n/a Ongoing Reports from site TA visits PPH prevention TBD TBD Design • Task analysis provided evidence to strengthen MNH clinical practice requirements of PA and RN curricula • Task analysis results presented at several conferences, including upcoming Global Health Council • Increased availability of data on MNH services Data Quality Exercise, FP Data Jan-March2011, 2 Hospitals Indicator Facility Difference % Match HIS Report Registers New FP 289 120% clients 1741 1452 Revisit FP -134 96% clients 3102 3236 Key Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Challenges Challenges How did you or how are you currently addressing these challenges? 1. Data quality Initial visit conducted and site-level plans made. MCHIP to provide regular follow-up. Liaising with USAID bilateral where Jhpiego is sub to follow-up data quality concerns for facilities supported by RBHS, and negotiating with USAID to reorganize resources in order to provide regular sites visits that include data quality and clinical technical assistance for non-RBHS MCHIP sites. Considering development of job aid to standardize reporting. 2. Coordinated follow-up between MOH, MCHIP and RBHS Conduct joint site visits with MOH, MCHIP and RBHS (where applicable). 3. Use of data by facility staff Monthly mentoring monitoring visits with feedback to facility staff This poster was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the terms of the Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS- A-00-08-00002-00. The contents are the responsibility of the Maternal and Child RBHS Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.
  • 10. MALAWI Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Office Overview Number of staff: 28 Number of dedicated M&E staff: 3 Workshop Attendees Number of staff: 1 Aleisha Rozario, M&E Advisor List the primary technical areas (e.g., MNH, HIV, etc.) covered by your program and your major donors, Overview of Technical Areas and Donors for example: Technical Area(s) Primary Donor/Mechanism Program Interventions HIV USAID/MCHIP SBM-R in PMTCT, Male Circumcision, MNH BEmONC, Community MNH/Mobilization, KMC, SBM-R in RH Child Health Water and Sanitation, Malaria IEC, LLIN distribution Performance Based Incentives linked to SBM-R Helping Babies Breathe PPFP, FP Social Marketing List the primary monitoring, research and evaluation activities currently under way in your office, for Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Activities example: Title of Program or Primary Monitoring or For Research and Evaluation Activities Research/ Study Data Source(s) Name of IRB(s) That Approved Project Status Evaluation Activity Activity SBM-R evaluation Client interviews, provider WIRB and NHSRC/Malawi Manuscript submitted to Midwifery Journal interviews, facility HMIS, SBM-R assessments Male circumcision Facility registers, mobile clinic JHU IRB for routine monitoring Multi-country ethical clearance under way registers being developed Malaria Tracking Results Client interviews COMREC Malawi IRB protocol submitted, awaiting review Continuously (TRaC) Study Family Planning TRaC Study Client interviews COMREC or NHSRC IRB being Protocol under draft developed Helping Babies Breathe Provider observations, client Concept note developed and under finalization Evaluation interviews, service statistics Increased coverage in MNH-PMTCT in MCHIP supported sites, Phalombe district Direct Obstetric Deaths decline as PQI scores increase, Machinga Disrtict Deliveries by SBA rise at Mpasa Health Center as PQI scores increase Hospital 100 92.6 100 3.2 3.5 70 65 90 88.4 87.3 63 90 80.9 82.1 88 75.7 90 2.9 79.8 80 80 3.0 60 2.7 70 80 70 60 51.4 51.5 2.5 50 70 63 PQI RH 61.2 60 50 59.2 Percentage (%) Percentage (%) scores Percentage Percentage 60 40 40 2.0 50 24.5 Intervention 50 PQI score 30 23.3 Direct 19.8 39 30 40 20 Control 1.5 Obstetric % SBA 8.74 40 22 10 Death Rate 30 30 1.0 20 0 20 % of % preg. % preg. % preg. % HIV % HIV 20 0.5 10 pregn. women women women positive positive 10 10 women attending receiving newly preg. preg. 0 0.0 0 0 attending ANC in 1st >2 doses tested for women women > 4 ANC trimester IPTp HIV receiving receiving 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 visits CPT ARVs Key Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Challenges Description of up to three key M&E challenges for your unit Challenges How did you or how are you currently addressing these challenges? 1. The Malawi National Health Sciences Committee (NHSRC) charges a USG and other donors in the country have taken up the issue with NHSRC to 10% fee based on the study budget for all approved studies. Because discuss an agreement. Operational research that may be considered as the fee is considered unethical, this will limit Jhpiego’s participation in “development assistance” are being submitted for IRB approval and a waiver any operational research to be conducted in the country. of the fee is requested. 2. HMIS system does not collect the host of indicators required by the MCHIP is looking into partnering with the MOH to set up a sentinel site MCHIP program and there is tremendous resistance to introducing surveillance system for selected MNH, Malaria, and HIV related indicators. parallel systems for data collection, unless approved by the MOH MCHIP will also explore the use of electronic systems to collect data at the point of care. 3. Quality of data is generally poor, requiring active follow-up by M&E personnel have been included in all supportive supervision visits to program staff. provide an opportunity for M&E mentoring and validation of data. This poster was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the terms of the Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS-A-00-08-00002-00. The contents are the responsibility of the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.
  • 11. MALI Monitoring, Evaluation and Research MALI Office Overview Number of staff: 9 technical Number of dedicated M&E staff: 2 MCHIP Chief of party Dr Diarra Workshop Attendees Number of staff: 1 Dr Camara Tiguida Maternal health /FP Newborn Health Child health/CCM Monitoring and Program Assistante Advisor Monitoring and Evaluation Manager Advisor Advisor Evaluation Manager Mme Haidara Dr Kanté Dr Ouattara Dr Tiguida Regianal cordinator of Kayes Dr Yorotté District Cordinator of Kita District cordinator of Diéma Dr Lazare Dr Lala Overview of Technical Areas and Donors Technical Area(s) Primary Donor/Mechanism Program Interventions Maternal Health USAID/MCHIP Active Management of Third Stage of Labor Organization of Islamic Conference Postpartum Family Planning Postabortion Care Oxytocin in Uniject Device Newborn Health USAID/MCHIP Essential Newborn Care Kangaroo Mother Care Child Health USAID/MCHIP Community Case Management Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Activities Title of Program or Primary Monitoring or For Research and Evaluation Activities Research/ Study Data Source(s) Name of IRB(s) That Approved Project Status Evaluation Activity Activity Baseline Assessments Client interviews, provider Ministry of Health Planning Phase interviews, facility need assessment Use of matrons to provide Client interviews, provider Ministry of Health Planning Phase LAM at community health interviews, facility HMIS, center Key Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Challenges Challenges How did you or how are you currently addressing these challenges? 1. High expectations from the Mission in regards to measurable results We will work with the HMIS and existing data collection systems to build within a short timeframe capacity and ensure effective and efficient data collection This poster was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the terms of the Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS-A-00-08-00002-00. The contents are the responsibility of the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.