WiMAX BASED APPROACH TO ENHANCE LOCALIZED HUMAN SOCIAL NETWORK.

WiMAX
BASED APPROACH TO ENHANCE LOCALIZED HUMAN SOCIAL NETWORK.
AJAL.A.J
Assistant Professor
Mets school of engineering
kerala

Communication - Mobile
Telephone
Exchange
Subscriber
Line
Inter-Exchange
Junction
Mobile Switching
Centre
(MSC)
BSC BTS
MS

Everywhere coverage
This is Mobile Broadband

Full mobility

High data speeds

STANDARDIZED Integral part of WCDMA (3GPP Rel.5/6)
REDUCED DELAY Quicker response time with interactive services
CAPACITY 3 – 4 times improved system capacity Rel. 5/6
SPEED Higher bit rates: up to 14 Mbps
Network Coverage Short time to market with existing sites
REQUIREMENTS

An ecosystem of devices spans all consumer electronics
3GPP
WiMAX
3GPP2
EDGE WCDMA HSPA LTE
802.16e 802.16m
CDMA
1X
EV-DO DOrA
Personal Broadband
LTELTE
Wireless Technology Evolution

WiMAX & LTE Makes On-Demand Possible
Entertainment
and productivity
Fashionable devices
working across technologies
Personal broadband
on the go
ANYTIME. ANYWHERE.
INSTANT ACCESS.
WIRELESS & MOBILE.

GHz1 32 4
ISM: Industrial, Scientific & Medical Band – Unlicensed band
UNII: Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure band – Unlicensed band
UNII
ISM
5
802.11/802.16 Spectrum
International
Licensed
US
Licensed
Japan
Licensed
International
Licensed ISM
802.16a has both licensed and license-exempt options

19
Convergence Sub Layer
MAC Layer
PHY Layer
Security/Privacy
Key, AES, EAP Handoff
Bandwidth
Management
Connection
Management
Power Mgnt
Sleep/Idle
IP
Packet
ClassifierEthernet ATM
Header
Suppression
ARQ
PDU
Generation
PDU
Reassembly
Net Entry
PHY Burst
Scheduling
SC
10-66GHz
SCa
2-11GHz
OFDM
2-11GHz 256FFT
OFDMA
2-11GHz 2048FFT
OFDMA 2-11GHz (PAR <6GHz)
128, 256, 512,1024, 2048
802.16d 802.16e WiMAX
 802.16e is the mobile extension from 802.16
 Modification in PHY from OFDM to Scalable OFDMA
 Modification in MAC for security, handoff, roaming, & resource management

OFDMA
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
A flexible multiple access technology for the NGN

4 Way Handshake
Access
Point Laptop
RTS
CTS
Data
ACK
Ready to Send
Clear to Send

Scenario of virtual community
over geographical areas

Wi-Fi and WiMAX interworked
wireless citywide environment

Advantages in Multipath
25
 OFDMA carries advantages in “Multipath”
 CDMA uses the whole spectrum, wasting system resource to combat
frequency selective fading.
 CDMA also creates worse interference problem
 OFDMA only select subcarriers with less channel degradation, prevent
wasting system resource (power or throughput ) => achieving higher system
capacity.
Signal Sent
Signal Received
Multipath

Solar powered WiMax
• solar-powered WiFi router/WiMax
router/surveillance cam that can be
situated a top a streetlight. The access
point may uses a high gain omni
antenna and a high gain parabolic
antenna to provide access/security to
both developed and developing regions;
it is already in use in Cameroon, with
plans for deployment to India, China,
and Morocco.

Infrastructure
Family of
Micro & PICO
WiMAX Base
Station
&
WiMAX Service
Edge
Network
Devices
Family of
USB dongle,
PCM CIA,
Home Terminal
Handset
&
Dual Mode
GSM/Wimax
Hnadset
Core
Edge & Core IP
NW Equipments
Content Delivery
Gateways
Site
Exploit
Acquired &
existing GSM
sites
For
POWER
TOWER
& Fiber
backhaul
Backhaul
Use
Wireless
& Fiber
Backhaul
Passive
Infra
sharing
and
Leasing
IT
OSS / BSS
Development
& Integration
CRM
Operations
Maintenance
Support &
Warranty
Subscriber
Acquisition
Marketing
G&A
Business investment model for WiMAX Services launch
•Covers all aspects of Network design, deployment and integration
•From the core through the systems architecture,
service edge, access network, device, & operations

Market Models
WiMAX Benefits
Small Wireless ISPs Lower Network CapEx
Hot Spot Providers Lower backhaul OpEx
Wireline / ILECs
DSL fill-in. Cost effective coverage of low density
areas
Cellular Operators
Nomadic/Mobile broadband data services
competitive with wireline
Cable Providers Broadband data service to businesses
Large ISPs
Alternative last mile to compete with ILEC
broadband services
New Entrants (e.g. Utilities,
Railroads, Retailers)
Leverage existing assets to deliver broadband
service
Satellite Need alternative last mile for uplink

 Population: 1.15 Billion people
 India’s Tele-density
- Overall: 31%
 Rural: 8.8%
 Urban: 65%
 Broadband: 0.4%
 Internet: 4%
 500 Million phone connections by
year 2010
 High GDP Growth-8%
 Increased Income of middle
class(300M)
 PC Penetration: 2%
The Opportunity in India

 Web was “invented” by Tim Berners-Lee (amongst others), a physicist
working at CERN
 His vision of the Web was much more ambitious than the reality of the
existing (syntactic) Web:
 This vision of the Web has become known as the Semantic Web
“… a set of connected applications … forming
a consistent logical web of data …”
“… an extension of the current web in which
information is given well-defined meaning,
better enabling computers and people to work in
cooperation …”
What is the Semantic Web?

“When Technology meets Business”
Strategic
Vision
Wireless &
Technology
Wireless Strategies
and the
Digital Community
Solution

34
Market & Time Competition
Marketing Hype
Disappointment
Rebuild Business Model
Steady Growth
 Market takes time!
 Markets takes time to mature;
most new services will follow the
letter “N” curve as below
 Fixed WiMAX technology is far
from mass adoption, mobile
WiMAX would take even longer
 WiMAX has risks too!
 Mobile WiMAX market is squeezed by both
3G, Flash OFDM, and WiFi.
 802.11e, 11r, and 11n are enhancing QoS,
handover, and throughput.
 HSDPA (of 3G) shorten the gap with WiMAX
in throughput.
 Flash OFDM (by Flarion) has demonstrated
end-to-end solution.
WiMAX Marketing Guy

Operational scenario for ‘User not registered
no roaming agreement’
NOuser SP
RoamRqt
RoamAck
P4
Roaming agreement
AuthRqtSPNO
AuthAckSPNO
P3
NO-SP authentication
CapsRqt
CapsInfo
P2
InitAuthRqt
P1
P5adelegate control to NO
user-network authentication
PresAuthMech
P1

The message flow corresponding to
the authentication protocol:

Test Bench Basics
Mobile WiMAX DL Transmitter Test Bench

High-speed measurement
challenges ?

WiMAX vs. McWiLL in China
Multicarrier Wireless Internet Local Loop (McWill).
•China is testing a potential rival to WiMax, based on
SCDMA (still used in China in the 400-MHz band)
•The technology is known asMulticarrier Wireless Internet
Local Loop (McWill).
•It has been in field trials in a few Chinese cities, including
Guangzhou and Qingdao, where it has been used for video,
voice and data

Emerging Market Governments
Favorable regulatory environment
Favorable policies
Spectrum allocation
Outside investment
Policies
Business & Consumers
Telecommunications services
Internet access
Web applications
Information
Demand
Broadband Internet Access
National Prosperity Imperative
Business
Education
Consumers
Health
Bridging the Digital Divide
Demand and Policies Converging

Supply Chain Processes
Overview
MAKE
Make Product
Enable Make
ORDER
Market Product
SOURCE
Source Product
Enable Source
DELIVER
Deliver Product
Enable Deliver
PLAN
Plan Supply Chain Enable Plan
Suppliers
Customers
RETURN
INDUSTRYRETURN
 Customer-oriented, process-based, building partnerships and sharing information
 Integrated high-efficiency and open supply chain with advanced IT tools

MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2008.
WiMAX
HSDPA
EV-DO
UMTS
EDGE
CDMA 1X
GPRS
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 (MB)
60 kbps
115 kbps
256 kbps
400 kbps
1.0 Mbps
4.0 Mbps
35 kbps
Total Time
11.5 mins
6 mins
2.5 mins
1.5 min
40 secs
10 secs
19.5 mins
aacPlus v2
32 kbps
aacPlus
64 kbps
AAC/WMA
128 kbps
MP3
160 kbps
The Need for Speed
5.5 Mbps 7 secs
*Based on Motorola estimates
Average Data Transfer Rates

 The tender for procurement of WiMAX
equipment for Punjab & Kerala Circle has
been issued on 4/10/2008.
 1600 BTSs will be procured through this
tender.
 Around 8 lakhs CPE will be procured .
 The tender will cover rural & urban areas of
Punjab & Kerala.
Punjab & Kerala Tender

 India is one of the strongest and fastest
growing Economies in World.
 Indian Telecom sector is growing at an
explosive pace with highest growth in wireless
users
 Growth in broadband in India will lead to
massive opportunities for broadband wireless
technologies such as WiMAX
 Government of India fully supports growth of
all technologies and will provide necessary
regulatory framework to promote and facilitate
such growth
Summary

•
SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE ( SAR )
IN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Related Work Cell Phone Radiation is
Absorbed More Deeply Into the Brains of Children
Estimation of the absorption of electromagnetic radiation from a cell phone based
on age (Frequency GSM 900 Mhz) (On the right, color scale showing the
Specific Absorption Rate in W/kg)
Gandhi, O.P.G. Lazzi, and C.M. Furse, Electromagnetic Absorption in the Human
Head and Neck for Cell Telephones at 835 and 1900 MHz. IEEE Transactions
on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1996. 44(10): p. 1884-1897

Thank you


ec2reach@gmail.com

• [1] IEEE 802.16-2004 October 2004, Air
Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband
Wireless Access Systems - Amendment for
Physical and Medium Access ControlLayers for
Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in
Licensed Bands, August 2004.
• [2] IEEE 802.16e-2005 March 2006, Physical
and Medium Access Control Layers for
Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in
Licensed Bands.
• [3] Allen H. Kupetz and K. Terrell Brown, “4G -
A Look Into the Future of Wireless
Communications”, Rollins Business Journal,
Jan-Mar 2004
• [4] B. G. Evans and K. Baughan, "Visions of
4G," Electronics and Communication
Engineering Journal, Dec. 2002.
• [5] Jun-seok Hwang, Roy R. Consulta, "4G
Mobile Networks – Technology Beyond 2.5G
And 3G", PTC’07 Proceedings-2007.
8/20/2014 57

WiMAX BASED APPROACH TO ENHANCE LOCALIZED HUMAN SOCIAL NETWORK.

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