1. GREENING WHAT’S ALREADY HERE
GULF COAST GREEN MAY 2nd , 2013
Barbara A. Campagna, FAIA, LEED AP BD+C

2. GULF COAST
GREEN
AIA HOUSTON
Especially Julie Hendricks
THANK YOU
Julia Ideson Building, Houston
Public Library

3. Houston AIA is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of
Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on
completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA
members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-
AIA members are available upon request.
This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional
education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed
or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any
material of construction or any method or manner of
handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be
addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

4. The construction and operation of buildings accounts for almost 50% of the
United States greenhouse gas emissions. But reusing and retrofitting our
existing buildings can reduce these emissions dramatically. Reusing what we
have – buildings, landscapes and communities – is the best way to make the
biggest, most immediate impact in controlling climate change. New
construction and major renovation comprises less than 10% of the country’s
real estate portfolio, so it is clear that making a substantial impact on our
planet will require focusing on the greater than 90% of buildings that are not
new. While older, traditional buildings use less energy on average than more
recent buildings, some worry that a push to green historic buildings will
threaten valuable cultural resources.
Greening What’s Already Here

5. Learning Objectives
At the end of this program, participants will be able to:
1. Demonstrate how original character defining features in existing and historic
buildings can be reactivated to improve energy and resource efficiency.
2. Identify the cultural and preservation metrics in past, current and future
versions of the LEED rating system and how the recognition and use of
these metrics has been improving.
3. Discuss the importance of greening the operations of existing and historic
buildings.
4. Review the difference between LEED capital products and the LEED
operations and maintenance product, and why the maintenance product will
have a more significant impact on world resource use.

6. GREENING WHAT’S ALREADY HERE
From Traditional Historic to Modernism
Lee H. Nelson Hall, NCPTT Headquarters, Natchitoches, LA
and the Philip Johnson Glass House, New Canaan, CT

7. WHY ARE HISTORIC & EXISTING
BUILDINGS IMPORTANT TO CLIMATE
CHANGE?
BUILDINGS ACCOUNT FOR ALMOST HALF OF
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE UNITED
STATES
Smog in the Hollywood Hills, CA

8. U.S. CARBON EMISSIONS
US = 22% of greenhouse gases
5% of world population
The Reynolds Factory
Winston-Salem, NC

9. Why Existing Buildings Matter
Annually—
43% of carbon emissions are
from the operation (not
including construction) of
buildings
Source: Pew Center on
Global Climate Change
70%+ of electricity goes to
buildings
Source: USGBC
40% of raw materials are
used for construction
Source: USGBC
City Hall, Houston

10. Why Buildings Matter
Annually—
43% of carbon emissions are
from the operation (not
including construction) of
buildings
Source: Pew Center on
Climate Change
71% of electricity goes to
buildings
Source: USGBC
40% of raw materials are
used for construction
Source: USGBC
Benedict Hall, University of Texas at Austin

11. Retrofit Green… Debunking The Myth
Many historic buildings are already energy efficient
Average energy consumption
Btu/sq. ft
Commercial Buildings (non malls)
Before 1920 80,127
1920 – 1945 90,234
1946 – 1959 80,198
1960 – 1969 90,976
1970 – 1979 94,968
1980 – 1989 100,077
1990 – 1999 88,834
2000 – 2003 79,703
Source: Commercial Building Energy Consumption
Survey, 2003
U.S. Department of Energy

12. RESIDENTIAL IS THE OPPOSITE
The Advent of Insulation
US Energy Information Administration

13. LIFE CYCLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION…
Source: Athena Sustainable Materials
Institute

14. Retrofit Green
Energy
performance
can be
improved
Understand
Your climate –
Reactivate
original features
Potomac Avenue House, Buffalo, NY

15. The Alley Theatre, Houston, TX
Retrofit Green
Energy
performance
can be
improved
Understand
Your climate –
Reactivate
original features
Historic House in the King William Historic District, San Antonio, TX

16. The Alley Theatre, Houston, TX
Graphic Prepared by Elaine Gallagher Adams, Rocky Mountain Institute

17. Retrofit Green
Energy
performance
can be
improved
Many
rehabilitation
projects are
going green
Nakamura Courthouse, Seattle, WA
A General Services Administration Project

18. THE NATIONAL TRUST & THE
US GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL
Building a Partnership
2007-Today
Changing the Face of LEED
LEED 3.0/2009
Weighting using LCA
Alternative Compliance using
Durability of Materials
LEED v4
Preservation/Social Metrics

20. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LEED
PRODUCTS
A POINT IN TIME THE LIFE OF THE BUILDING
State Capitol Restoration, Austin, TX State Capitol Visitor Center, Austin, TX

21. REVISING LEED – LEED 2009
Changed LEED to a weighted system based on
LCA Indicators & starting to add
Preservation/Social/Cultural Metrics
Calistoga, Napa, California

22. LEED ND – Adding Historic
Preservation Language
LEED ND — Green Infrastructure Building
Credit 5 EXISTING BUILDING REUSE
Reliance Building/
Hotel Burnham, Chicago, IL

23. REVISING LEED – LEED v4
Materials & Resources Credit – Building Life-Cycle
Impact Reduction – 5 points for designated
landmarks

24. THE OLDEST LEED-CERTIFIED BUILDINGS
Slide Courtesy Christopher Davis, GBCI

25. THE OLDEST LEED-CERTIFIED BUILDINGS
1870
Thayer Hall, Harvard University
Cambridge, MA
LEED EBOM 2008 - Silver
#5
Slide Courtesy Christopher Davis, GBCI

26. THE OLDEST LEED-CERTIFIED BUILDINGS
1869
Pittsburgh Opera (Westinghouse Air Brake Company)
Pittsburgh, PA
LEED EBOM 2008 - Silver
#4
Slide Courtesy Christopher Davis, GBCI

27. THE OLDEST LEED-CERTIFIED BUILDINGS
1864
Barton Group Headquarters
Glens Falls, NY
LEED NCv2.2 - Platinum
#3
Slide Courtesy Christopher Davis, GBCI

28. THE OLDEST LEED-CERTIFIED BUILDINGS
1856
New York State Executive Mansion
Albany, NY
LEED EBv2.0 - Gold
#2
Slide Courtesy Christopher Davis, GBCI

29. 1842
U.S. Treasury Building
Washington, DC
LEED EBv2.0 Gold
THE OLDEST LEED-CERTIFIED BUILDINGS
#1
Slide Courtesy Christopher Davis, GBCI

30. Other Rating Systems

31. SUSTAINABILITY & PRESERVATION
POLICIES

32. Green Building Initiatives
Seattle
Portland, OR
Minneapolis, MN
Washington, DC
US Department of Agriculture
Montgomery County, MD
Chicago, IL
Nashville, TN
New York, NY
Pennsylvania Public School Districts
Tybee Island, GA
Massachusetts
San Jose, CA
Colorado
General Services Administration
Scottsdale, AZ
Honolulu, HI
Wisconsin
Washington State
Austin, TX

33. THE GREEN STANDARD OF 2004
CHICAGO, IL
All new city-funded construction and major renovation
projects MUST earn LEED certification.

34. THE GREEN PERMIT PROGRAM
CHICAGO, IL
Offering expedited permitting for projects that
incorporate innovative green building strategies,
including LEED certification.

35. A CITY TAKES ON GREEN ROOFS - 2000
Chicago City Hall & 200 other roofs
Chicago City Hall Green Roof, 2002

36. THE GREEN BUILDING ACT OF 2006
WASHINGTON, DC
Requires LEED compliance with municipal and
private projects over 50,000 sq ft.

37. INTERNATIONAL GREEN
CONSTRUCTION CODE
The New Code Can Be Ordered Now
Pioneer Courthouse, Portland, OR

38. SAN FRANCISCO GREEN BUILDING
ORDINANCE – 2008
Points for LEED or ―Greenpoint‖ System

39. PlaNYC, NYC’s SUSTAINABILITY AGENDA:
2008, updated 2011
http://www.nyc.gov/html/planyc2030/html/home/home.shtml

40. PlaNYC, NYC’s SUSTAINABILITY AGENDA
Create a handbook for energy efficiency strategies
for historic buildings

41. BENCHMARKING, PART OF NYC’s
SUSTAINABILITY AGENDA
Use the EPA’s Portfolio Manager to track energy
use in buildings over 50,000 sq. ft.

42. BUFFALO GREEN BUILDING CODE
Zoning Buffalo for the 21st Century
• Focus on Placemaking
• Transform Buildings
• Advance Downtown
• Capitalize on Canada-
US Trade
• Keep $ in Buffalo
Neighborhoods

43. 43
Slides Courtesy Patrice Frey, National Trust

44. New solutions are needed for smaller, older
buildings to meet aggressive carbon reduction
mandates
73% of our existing commercial
buildings are less than 10,000
square feet
Smaller, older buildings are
uniquely challenged – both
physically and financially - to meet
aggressive carbon reduction goals
Buildings in Denver’s Historic District
Photo by Wally Gobetz
US Energy Information Administration, 2003
Slides Courtesy Patrice Frey, National Trust

45. Slides Courtesy Patrice Frey, National Trust

46. Case Study Buildings
Single Family
Residential
Multifamily
Residential
Urban Village
Mixed Use
Commercial Office
Building
Elementary
Schools
Slides Courtesy Patrice Frey, National Trust

47. Test Conditions
Portland
Phoenix
Chicago
Atlanta
Climate Regions
Slides Courtesy Patrice Frey, National Trust

48.  Building reuse typically offers
greater environmental savings than
demolition and new construction.
 It can take between 10 to 80 years
for a new energy efficient building
to overcome, through efficient
operations, the climate change
impacts created by its construction.
 The majority of building types in
different climates will take
between 20-30 years to
compensate for the initial carbon
impacts from construction
Reuse Matters
Slides Courtesy Patrice Frey, National Trust

49.  The environmental benefits of
reuse are maximized by minimizing
the input of new construction
materials.
 Renovation projects that require
many new materials can reduce or
even negate the benefits of reuse.
For more information….
Patrice_Frey@savingplaces.org
www.preservationnation.org
Design Matters
Slides Courtesy Patrice Frey, National Trust

50. PRESERVATION GREEN LAB’S LATEST
RESEARCH….

51. SUSTAINABILITY & PRESERVATION
PROJECTS

52. Reuse, Reinvest, Respect, Retrofit
THE NATIONAL TRUST’S FIRST LEED
CERTIFIED PROJECT

53. The VEC – 44 Points Makes it a LEED GOLD, 2009
THE NATIONAL TRUST’S FIRST LEED
CERTIFIED PROJECT – LEED NC 2.2

54. INNOVATION & DESIGN PROCESS – All 5
http://www.lincolncottage.org/visit/ecotour.htm

55. Going Green at Historic Sites
BEST PRACTICES
February 2010
Applying Policies
and
Best Practices to
National Trust
Historic Sites
http://barbaracampagna.com/best-practices-
manual/

56. Going Green at Historic Sites
BEST PRACTICES
February 2010
Section on Green
Housekeeping &
Sustainable Practices

57. Going Green at Historic Sites
GREEN HOUSEKEEPING
Lyndhurst, Tarrytown, NY

58. Going Green at Historic Sites
SUSTAINABILITY MASTER PLAN
Kykuit, Tarrytown, NY

59. Going Green at Historic Sites
RETHINKING CULTURAL LANDSCAPES
Villa Finale, San Antonio, TX

60. Going Green at Historic Sites
RETHINKING CULTURAL LANDSCAPES
Villa Finale, San Antonio, TX Compost Pile and Bat House

61. Making the Case for
HISTORIC WINDOWS
Restored Wood Windows at
Shadows-on-the-Teche

62. HUMIDITY, LEED & MUNICIPAL SEWERS
How To Go Green When You Can’t Meet a
Prerequisite
Cliveden, Philadelphia, PA

63. Cliveden - Passive Approaches for
Improved Environmental Control
• Separate humans from collections
– Relocate offices out of the Main House
– Relocate collections storage out of the Main
House
• Improve envelope performance
– Reduce water penetration and humidity at
basement
– Reduce air infiltration
– Insulate and seal attic

64. • Replace attic
insulation
• Refurbish site
drainage to
reduce water
penetration at
basement
Cliveden - Low Tech Improvements

65. Cliveden - New HVAC System
• Replace gas-fired boiler
in Wash House
• Replace basement air
handler
• Control heat by
humidistat--maintain
winter humidity levels
above 25%, with steam
humidifier back-up

66. • Cooling coil at the air
handler to maintain
summer humidity level
below 70%
• Air circulation from
basement to attic w/
returns in new air shafts
and lined chimneys
• New chiller behind Wash
House sized for future air
conditioning in tenant
spaces
Cliveden - New HVAC System

67. CAN MODERN GO GREEN?
How to Green a Campus of Modern Buildings
The Brick House, Philip Johnson’s Glass House, New Canaan, CT

68. CAN MODERN GO GREEN?
How to Green a Campus of Modern Buildings
The Brick House, Philip Johnson’s Glass House, New Canaan, CT

69. RESTORING THE BRICK HOUSE
A Sound Preservation Methodology

70. RESTORING THE BRICK HOUSE
A Sound Preservation Methodology

71. Greening Historic Buildings With LEED EB
Rethinking a Painted
Lady in San Francisco
Why Would an 1886
House Museum Care
About LEED?

72. Sustainability Goals
1. The Haas-Lilienthal
House is a symbol of
San Francisco
Architectural Heritage
and ―Heritage‖ would
like to expand this
symbol of the
organization to act as
a model of sustainable
preservation.

73. 2. ―Heritage‖
intends to ―green‖
the Haas-Lilienthal
House to improve
the resource use
of the site,
broaden the
audience of the
organization and
to prove the
relevance that a
house museum
can continue to
have in our
culture.
Sustainability Goals

74. Assess
• Analyze current physical
assets
• Determine areas for
improvement
• Set realistic goals
• Establish measurable
objectives
• Select LEED strategies

75. SCHEDULED PROJECTS
Window Repairs

76. Source: Commercial Building Energy Consumption
Survey, 2003
U.S. Department of Energy
Source: Commercial Building Energy Consumption
Survey, 2003
U.S. Department of Energy

77. Two-Day Eco-Charrette
Greening the Haas-
Lilienthal House
August 2011

78. Sustainability Management Plan
The Greening Plan®
http://barbaracampagna.com/haas-lilienthal-house/

79. 1. Utilize roofs and
porches with wide
roof overhangs to
manage heating and
cooling
2. Use interior pocket
doors to
compartmentalize
spaces and control
heating and cooling.
Leverage Original Character-Defining
Features

80. 1. Determine Which Capital
Improvements Will Be
Undertaken and Whether
Construction Will Be
Phased.
2. Conduct an Energy Audit.
3. Develop a Weatherization
Program.
4. Develop a Green
Housekeeping Program.
Sustainability Management Plan
Strategy

81. 5. Initiate a comprehensive
maintenance and
operations program
using LEED EB:O&M.
AND
6. Conduct a Major
Rehabilitation.
7. Stretch Goals to Net Zero.
Sustainability Management Plan
Strategy

82. Select LEED Strategies

84. Lee H. Nelson Hall, NCPTT Headquarters, Natchitoches, LA
Sustainability Management Plan
The Greening Plan®

86. CONDUCTING THE ENERGY AUDIT
Meeting ASHRAE Level 1 Energy Audit with a
Whole Building Blower Door Test

87. CONDUCTING THE ENERGY AUDIT
Looking for Energy Loss with the Infrared
Camera

88. CONDUCTING THE ENERGY AUDIT
Sample Image of Energy Loss Viewed Thru the
Infrared Camera

89. EVALUATING THE ENERGY AUDIT
Twelve split systems with no real humidity
control using most of the energy

90. SETTING GOALS AND STRATEGIES
Two Eco-Charrettes to Develop the goals,
programs and strategies

91. EVALUATING THE ENERGY AUDIT
Identifying the ―low hanging fruit‖

92. The Alley Theatre, Houston, TX
EVALUATING THE SITE AND DRAINAGE
What Can NCPTT Change and What is under
the University’s Control?

94. GOING GREEN IN EXTREME WEATHER
Adapting a Historic Orphanage for a Leadership
School Using LEED for Schools 2009
Jesse Lee Home, Seward, Alaska

95. The Alley Theatre, Houston, TX

97. The Alley Theatre, Houston, TX

98. AREA: Non-Residential Buildings
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
1919 or
Before
1920 to
1945
1946 to
1959
1960 to
1969
1970 to
1979
1980 to
1989
1990 to
1999
2000 to
2003
Construction Decade
AreainMillionsSF
―Historic‖ Buildings
Commercial Building Inventory
Department of Energy
10,640 Million SF
16 %

99. AREA: Non-Residential Buildings
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
1919 or
Before
1920 to
1945
1946 to
1959
1960 to
1969
1970 to
1979
1980 to
1989
1990 to
1999
2000 to
2003
Construction Decade
AreainMillionsSF
Modern-Era Buildings
Commercial Building Inventory
Department of Energy
36,250 Million SF
55 %

100. AREA: Non-Residential Buildings
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
1919 or
Before
1920 to
1945
1946 to
1959
1960 to
1969
1970 to
1979
1980 to
1989
1990 to
1999
2000 to
2003
Construction Decade
AreainMillionsSF
LEED Buildings
Commercial Building Inventory
Department of Energy
3,200 Million SF
5 %
1,283 Certified / 9,867 Registered

101. SOME CHALLENGES:
Climate Change & Historic Sites
Farnsworth House, Plano, IL
Flash Flood August 24, 2007

102. Climate Change & Historic Sites
Farnsworth House, Plano, IL
Flash Flood August 24, 2007

103. Climate Change & Historic Sites
Farnsworth House, Plano, IL
Flash Flood September 2007

104. Climate Change & Historic Sites
Farnsworth House, Plano, IL
Flash Flood September 2008

105. SPRAWL vs. Historic Preservation…
Promotes reinvestment in existing
Neighborhoods, but NOT with
McMansions and Teardowns.

106. CHALLENGES – ATTACKS ON MODERN
Using Data to Attack Whole Building Types

107. CHALLENGES – AUTHENTICITY
Do We Have to Restore Experimental
Materials & Assemblies?
Lever House built 1952, listed on NR in 1983,
SOM, New York, NY
Philip Johnson Glass House, New Canaan, CT,
1949, National Historic Landmark

108. ADAPTING A 1965 HISTORIC TOWER
The Tishman Building

109. RETHINKING PRESERVATION – OR…
Midcentury Modern House, San Antonio, TX

110. OR IS IT JUST EXPANDING WHAT WE
CARE ABOUT?
Midcentury Modern House, San Antonio, TX

111. CHALLENGES – UNATTRACTIVE TO MANY
How To Convince the Public that Brutalism is
Worthy of Saving?
The Alley Theatre, Houston, TX
Boston City Hall

112. The Christman Building
Lansing, Michigan
The First
Triple Platinum
Project:
Core & Shell,
Commercial
Interiors
& EB:O&M
Tax Act Project
New Market Tax
Project
Brownfield

113. The Empire State Building – LEED Gold EB: O&M, 54 Points

114. A FOLK LANDMARK
The Beer Can House, Houston, TX

115. The Richardson Olmsted Complex this past winter, Buffalo, NY
TO A National Historic Landmark
Richardson Olmsted Complex

116. GSA’s First LEED Platinum Building
The Hipolito Garcia Federal Building &
Courthouse in San Antonio NC 2.1 - 54/69 pts.
The Alley Theatre, Houston, TX

117. BY 2030 50% OF ALL BUILDINGS WILL
HAVE BEEN ERECTED AFTER 2000:
82 billion sq. ft. demolished – Brookings Institute, 2004
The Menil Collection, Houston, TX by Renzo Piano

118. WE CAN’T BUILD OUR WAY OUT OF
CLIMATE CHANGE….
Clos Pegase Winery, Calistoga, Napa, CA
Michael Graves, Architect

119. WE ALSO CAN’T FREEZE OUR WAY OUT
OF IT….
The Governor’s Palace, Colonial Williamsburg, VA

120. IT’S ALL
ABOUT
CHOICE &
BALANCE
Iron Spring, Manitou Springs, CO

121. EVERY BUILDING MAKES A
DIFFERENCE…..
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA , Renzo Piano

122. EVERY BUILDING MAKES A
DIFFERENCE…..
Haas-Lilienthal House Museum, San Francisco, CA

123. My goal is that one day we won’t make
a distinction between preservation and
sustainability.
Seattle Central Library, Rem
Koolhaas, Opening Day, May
2004 with the historic
Nakamura Courthouse
behind it – both have been
applauded as sustainable
projects

124. We will just call it good architecture.

125. SPREAD THE WORD
True Green Cities
http://barbaracampagna.com/blog

126. SPREAD THE WORD
UBM’s Future Cities
www.ubmfuturecities.com

127. THANK YOU, AIA HOUSTON!!
Chapel of St. Basil, University of St. Thomas,
Houston, TX by Philip Johnson

128. bcampagna@bcampagna.com
http://barbaracampagna.com/blog
Twitter: @bcampagna
This concludes The American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Systems Course