1. GRP2 Board Presentation 2011 Fergus Sinclair, Antoine Kalinganire, Edmundo Barrios, Catherine Muthuri, Adrian Radcliffe, Gudeta Sileshi, Jeremias Mowo, Ann Degrande, Ujjwal Pradhan, Pal Singh, Roberto Porro, Genevieve Lamond, Anja Gassner

2. Take home messages Consolidation, breadth and depth of GRP2 Strengthening connections with other GRPs, especially 1, 3 and 4 Setting the stage for innovation and integration in CRPs 6.1, 1.1, 1.2 and 5

3. GRP2 aims to develop design principles, technology options and decision support tools for enhancing productivity and resilience of farming systems through the adoption, adaptation and improved management of agroforestry practices. Development programs for smallholder farmers include agroforestry management options among intervention choices they consider, and use improved tools, approaches and knowledge to make more informed choices on integrating agroforestry into farming systems. Improved and sustained rural livelihoods and environment through more productive, intensified and diversified agroforestry systems for smallholder farmers.

4. Outputs GRP2.1 agroforestry options Enhanced understanding of the costs, benefits, risks and trade-offs of agroforestry options under varying and changing conditions GRP2.2 soil and water productivity Agroforestrydesign principles, technology options and decision support tools for improved soil and water productivity

5. Context – food crises bite Agroecology can feed the world Olivier De Schutter, Special Rapporteur on the right to food, annual report to UN Human Rights Council Eco-efficient agriculture Keatinge et al., Crop Science Discontinuity in drylands state and transition models replace equilibrium concepts with GIS tools to detect thresholds many articles gathering momentum

6. Highlights by region

8. Infrastructure for fermentation and stocking of cacao

12. Database of measurements (growth and survival rate) for analysis.

16. Peat swamp forest conservation, enhance carbon stocks & local livelihood with appropriate management, species selection, … (ex. Jelutung, Dyeracostulata)

17. Agrobiodiversity Appraisal, Bridgestone Sumatra Rubber Estate and surrounding smallholder land to conserve and enhance biodiversity Main finding: Rubber plantation has role as migratory pathway of birds and bats, smallholder rubber agroforestry systems provide food and habitat for wildlife and has high % of bird diversity.

18. SEA: models and methodologies for analysis and evaluation of farm management options WaNuLCAS application (2010) Technical leadership from Bogor staff 1. Assessment of plant productivity and interaction in parkland systems of sub-Saharan Africa (ALUCCSA project) 2. Assessing the growth response of young rubber trees to soil water availability along a topo-sequence in NE Thailand (Vincent Cheylan, student) 3. Exploring teak-crop growth under various scenarios in Central Java with (ACIAR teak project – Gerhard Manurung, PhD study leave)

19. TULSEA tools in Africa Lake Tanganyika Nile Basin GRP 4 links

21. Developed appropriate management techniques on-farms for priority fruit trees including ber and tamarind, cacao and rubber tree species.

22. Assessment of village resources centres on the adoption of fertiliser, fruit and timber trees intercropped on-farms.

23. Established long-term tree-crops growth trials on-farms for conservation agriculture with trees in the Sahel.

24. Review of conservation agriculture, including Faidherbiaalbida.Sanou J., Zougmoré R., Bayala J., Teklehaimanot Z. 2010. Soil infiltrability and water content as affected by Baobab (Adansoniadigitata L.) and Néré (Parkiabiglobosa (Jacq.) Benth.) trees in farmed parklands of West Africa. Soil Use and Management 26: 75–81. DOI 630942-493796.

25. Cumulative probability 50% probability of no increase in yield or worse on Nitosols(saturated fertility?) 60% probability of > 1 t ha-1 increase in yield on Luvisols Southern Africa Scaling up fertiliser trees 2009 – Trees improve mean crop yield Sileshi et al., Plant and Soil. 2010 – Probability of yield increase depends on climatic and edaphic variables Sileshi et al., Field Crops Research 2011 – Mapping probability of > 1 t ha-1 yield increase after two year sesbania fallow Coe et al., 2011

26. Some effects of trees are mediated through impact on soil biota – trees increase abundance Mean density of different soil biota and calculated response ratios Barrios, Sileshi, Shepherd, Sinclair 2010

27. Some effects of trees are mediated through impact on soil biota – trees increase activity Greater soil biological activity (earthworms) near trees but effect greater for some tree species than others Pauli et al 2010 Pedobiologia

28. Understanding what tree attributes are required to meet agricultural management objectives and which species will display these attributes in particular environmental and management contexts, is the fundamental corner stone of design principles for developing agroforestry options customised to local circumstances. Genetic predisposition Environmental conditions management Finite set of tree attributes that are expressed in particular contexts One of the key activities in WorldAgroforestry’s GRP2 is to develop decision support tools that incorporate this understanding of genetic, environmental and management control of the expression of key attributes to provide advice on what species and management combinations are likely to work in different circumstances

29. Local conditions and preferences Possible conditionality criteria e.g. maintain fruit duration favour native species Local knowledge about tree utility attributes Local knowledge about tree ecosystem service attributes Local knowledge about tree phenology Customised options for individual farmers and landscapes Scientific information Promote tree diversity – in relation to local and public priorities

30. LINKAGES TO THE CRPs

31. 1.1 Integrated systems for dry areas GRP 1 Domestication GRP 2 Farm productivity CRP6.1 Production systems and markets component of forests, trees and agroforestry CRP4 Agriculture, nutrition and health GRP 3 Policy and markets GRP 5 Climate change CRP2 Policies, institutions, and markets GRP 4 Land health 1.2 Integrated systems for humid areas CRP7 Climate Change and Agriculture CRP5 Water, land & ecosystems GRP2 interactions with CRPs are direct (green) or indirect (brown) via other GRPs