8. What ...
Making publicly funded research publications available
* online
* accessible for anyone at no cost
* free to copy, share and use.
9. Why – in a nutshell
Technological: The Internet is an effective distribution system.
Economic: Public budgets subsidize research publications three
times: 1) Research 2) Peer-Review 3) Library
Subscription/License. Furthermore, the cost of scientific journals
have vastly increased while library budgets have remained
stagnant.
Social: Work funded by the public should be available to the
public.
Scientific: The research impact rises if more people have access
to research. Availability of scientific publications supports overall
scientific progress.
10. open source software open content open education open government
open hardware open knowledge open access open design open data ...
a broader picture
“Openness – an unanticipated consequence of the turn to the
digital”
Gale Moore
“on the shoulders of giants”
Is there such a thing as intellectual property?
the commons and the public domain
Urheberrechte (copyrights)
12. 2000
Public Library of Science (PloS) writes open letter to journal
publishers to make articles freely available 6 months after initial
publication
2001
Budapest Open Access Initiative, came out of a meeting of the
Open Society Institute
2003
Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing
13. 2003
Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences
and Humanities
* 2 conditions of open access:
** use of open license
** establishment of institutional repositories
* Signatories agree to support the transition to an open access
paradigm - Our organizations aim to find solutions that support further
development of the existing legal and financial frameworks in order to facilitate
optimal use and access.
* German signatories include Max Planck, Helmholtz,
Fraunhofer, Leibniz, Wissenschaftsrat, DFG
http://oa.mpg.de/openaccess-berlin/berlindeclaration.html
14. Since 2006 official position of the DFG:
Die DFG erwartet, dass die mit ihren Mitteln finanzierten
Forschungsergebnisse publiziert und dabei möglichst auch digital
veröffentlicht und für den entgeltfreien Zugriff im Internet (Open Access)
verfügbar gemacht werden. Die entsprechenden Beiträge sollten dazu
entweder zusätzlich zur Verlagspublikation in disziplinspezifische oder
institutionelle elektronische Archive (Repositorien) eingestellt oder direkt in
referierten bzw. renommierten Open Access Zeitschriften publiziert werden.
Autoren sind angehalten mit Verlagen zu verhandeln dass sie ihr Urheberrecht
behalten, dass sie Karenzzeiten von max. 6 – 12 Monate ausmachen
können; dass sie das Recht behalten in OA Journals oder OA
Repositories/Archiven zu veröffentlichen.
Support to Open Access Information platform and other related projects.
15. 2009 – a turbulent year for Open Access (OA) in
Germany
February – Roland Reuss (Germanist) article in FAZ: OA restricts
scientists' freedoms and ruins small/medium publishers.
March – Heidelberger Appell: Advocates for authors' rights to
publish where and how they like. Mixes up belletristic with
scientific publications. Against both Open Access and Google
Booksearch.
March – Joint declaration of German scientific organizations to
clarify what Open Access in science means.
Further discussions around Google Book Settlement, VG Wort ...
16. Oktober 2009 – Petition to the German Bundestag on Open
Access to Scientific Publications (17.116 signatories on 1 Dec
09, can be signed until 22 Dec 09:
https://epetitionen.bundestag.de/index.php?
action=petition;sa=details;petition=7922)
November 2009 - Manchester Manifesto
Who owns science?
In many cases, profit has become the primary reward for research
and development – while the motivations public welfare and
scientific progress are disregarded.
18. BY - Attribution ND – No Derivatives
NC – Non SA – Share Alike
Commercial
19. “We identify unnecessary barriers to research, craft policy
guidelines and legal agreements to lower those barriers, and
develop technology to make research, data and materials
easier to find and use.”
Health Commons as one of the Science Commons projects.
21. The green road:
Institutional and Disciplinary Repositories
CC-BY-NC-ND Karmin photography (flickr)
22. Die Nutzenden sollen die Volltexte uneingeschränkt lesen, kopieren, verteilen, drucken,
in ihnen suchen, auf sie verweisen und sie auch sonst auf jede denkbare legale
Weise nutzen können, ohne dabei an finanzielle, gesetzliche oder technische
Barrieren zu stoßen. ...
Die Universität steht dafür ein, dass die Authentizität, Integrität und eindeutige
Zitierbarkeit der auf diesem Server abgelegten Publikationen gewährleistet ist. Damit
wird gleichzeitig eine weltweite Verfügbarkeit und Langzeitarchivierung gesichert.
(Open Access Policy der Humboldt Universität Berlin)
26. Open Access (OA) Journals – some more infos
* The Directory of OA Journals (www.doaj.org) today has 4475
journals in its directory. In early 2009 they had 3814.
* OA Journals make up 8,5% of all active, peer-reviewed,
scholarly journals, and 12,5% of the online ones.
Björk, Hedlund (2009): Two Scenarios for How Scholarly Publishers Could Change
Their Business Model to Open Access. In: The Journal of Electronic Publishing, vol.
12, no. 1.
27. Open Access Journals – Procedures and Business Models
* Authors retain their full rights.
* Article processing charges: about 1.000 – 2.000 EUR
* Journal provides tools for peer-review, publication and
archiving
* Author fees as part of scientific budgets (e.g. DFG)
* Institutional membership sometimes covers or reduces
individual author fees
* Several publishers offer both options, like Springer Open
Choice ...
29. Publishers hesitate to fully embrace Open Access and they still
make good profits with their existing business model.
Authors look for journals with high impact factors and prestige.
The business model of the entire system research funding –
research – peer-review – publication is being changed with
Open Access.
30. Studies prove that Open Access articles are cited (up to 3 times)
more often than online articles that are not openly available.
Open Access articles are cited earlier than other articles.
Open Access articles are not confined to libraries and countries
with large budgets.
Open Access stimulates scientific progress and cooperation.
31. Thank you very much!
Andrea Goetzke
andrea.goetzke@newthinking.de
Schönhauser Allee 6/7
10119 Berlin
030 - 692 033 791