Terpenoids are regarded as derivatives of polymers of isoprene ,joined head to tail and widely distrubuted in plant kindom.

1. TRITERPENOIDS
Presented by
Afzaye Rasul
1st year M.Pharm
Department of chemistry,
Al-Ameen college of pharmacy
Bangalore

2. Terpenoids are regarded as derivatives of polymers of
isoprene ,joined head to tail and widely distrubuted in plant
kindom.

3. Classification
1.Monoterpenoids
2.Sesquiterpenoids
3.Diterpenoids
4.Triterpenoids
5.Tetraterpenoids

4. Monoterpenes
-Acyclic
Example:
Ocimene
Myrcene
CH2
H3C CH2
CH3
OCIMENE
CH2
H3C CH3
CH2
MYRCENE

5. =ALDEHYDIC MONOTERPENES
EXAMPLE
GERANIAL
NERAL
H
H3C CH3
CH2
GERANIAL
CHO
CHO
H3C CH3
CH3
NERAL
H

6. =ALCOHOLIC MONOTERPENES
EXAMPLE
GERANIOL
NEROL
H
H3C CH3
CH3
GERANIOL
CH2OH
CH2OH
H3C CH3
CH3
H
NEREOL

7. -MONOCYCLIC
=ALDEHYDES
EXAMPLE
PERILLALDEHYDE,PHELLANDRAL
CHO
H3C CH2
PERILLALDEHYDE
CHO
H3C CH3
PHELLANDRAL

8. =ALCOHOLIC
EXAMPLE
α-TERPINEOL
MENTHOL
CH3
H3C CH3
OH
CH3
H3C CH3
OH

9. 2.SESQUITERPENES
EXAMPLE
ZINGIBERENE
CH3
CH3H3C
CH3

10. 3.DITERPENES
EXAMPLES
VITAMINES
MANOOL
PODOCARPIC ACID
4.TRITERPENOIDS
EXAMPLES
SQUALENE

11. 5.TETRACYCLIC
EXAMPLES
LANOSTEROL
AGNOSTEROL
6.PENTACYCLIC
α-AMYRIN
β-AMYRIN

12. Dioscorea

14. Synonym: Rheumatism root, yam
Biological source: It consists of the dried tubers of Dioscorea
deltoidea,D.composita belonging to the family Dioscoreaceae.
Geographical distribution: D.deltoidea is grown in U.S and Mexico .It is
cultivated from Nepal to an altitude of 3000-10,000 ft.
Chemical constituents:
The main active constitute are diosgenin.
The other consists are starch and phenolic compounds.

16. chemistry

17. Mechanism

18. Uses:
1.In the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteosarcoma.
It is said to cause apoptosis of synoviocytes by cox-2 upregulation.
2.Diosgenin is used for the synthesis of important drugs e.g. oral
contraceptives and corticosteroids.
3.It is also said to have hypocholestremic effects.

19. Solanum khasianum

21. Biological source: It consists of the dried and full grown berries of
Solanum khasianum belonging to the family Solanaceae.
Geographical distribution: Grows on the Khasia mountains in Assam.
Chemical constituents:
It consists of the steroidal saponin solasonine which has the Aglycone
solasodine present in it.
Solakhasianin and diosgenin are the other aglycones present.

23. Uses
1.It has several glucocorticoids like effects since it increases its levels by
binding to adrenal glands.
2.A dose of 5mg/kg causes short acting cerebral stimulation and improves
reflex activity.
3.They also have selective cytotoxic effects against cancer cells.
4. It is a hypocholestremic and anti atherosclerotic.

24. Shatavari

26. Synonym: Shatamuli
Biological source:
It consists of the dried roots and leaves of the naturally occuring plant
known as Asparagus racemosus,family: liliaceae.
Geographical distribution:
It is widely distributed throughout the tropical regions of Africa, Australia
and Asia .
In India , its found in the Himalyan range at an altitude of 4000-4500 ft. It
is wildly grown in the dry and deciduous forests of Maharashtra.

27. Chemical constituents
The active constituteShatavarin 1-4 which are present to the extent of
0.2%
Shatavarin 1 is the most important constituent.

28. Uses:
1. Galactagogue
2. It is used as a cytoprotective because it can reduce drug induced
fibrosis e.g bleomycin causes intra alveolar fibrosis.
3. In the management of nervine disorders ,Rheumatism.
4. Widely used in threatened abortion.
5. It helps digestion.
6. It has anti bacterial effects due to 9,10 dihydrophenanthrene ring.

29. GINSENG

31. Synonym: Panax, pannag.
Biological source: Ginseng is the dried root of different naturally occuring
species of Panax , namely Panax ginseng or Aralia quinquefolia .
Family: araliaceae.
Geographical distribution:
Found extensively in Korea, Russia and China .Commercially it is cultivated in
Japan, Canada and U.S.
It has two variety
1.Red ginseng
2.White ginseng

32. Chemical constitute :
It comprises of triterpenoid saponins which may be steroidal or pentacyclic.
3 major components include
1. Ginsenosides
2. Panaxosides
3. Chikusetsu saponins.

34. PANAXIDES
Decomposition
OLEANOLIC ACID + PANAXADIOL + PANAXATRIOL

35. Uses:
1. In chinese system , ginseng is used as a general tonic, stimulant
,carminative and diuretic activities.
2. Used for the treatment of diabetes, insomnia, gastritis and
neurasthenia.
3. It is known to enhance natural resistance and overcome exhaustion.
4. It can be used in coronary artery disease and to lower blood pressure.
5. It is also used for maintenance of bone.

36. Liqourice

38. Synonym: Glycyrrhiza, liquorice root.
Biological source:
It consists of the dried , peeled or unpeeled roots or stolons of Glycyrrhiza
glabra.
Family : leguminosae.
Geographical distribution:
It is grown in the sub-himalayan regions and in baluchistan.
It is cultivated in large scale in Spain, Sicily and Yorkshire.

39. Chemical constituents:
It consists of saponin glycosides known as Glycyrrhin.
Glycyrrhizin
hydrolysis
glycyrrhetinic acid + 2 glucuronic acid
Glycyrrhetinic acid is of the beta amyrin type.
Other chemical constituents present are umbelliferone,
herniarin,liqueritin, isoliqueritin, rhanoliqueretin etc..

41. Uses:
1.Glycyrrhizin has demulscent and expectorant properties.
2.It is used as a masking agent for bitter tasting drugs like quinine,aloes
etc……
3.Ammonium glycyrrhizinate is used as a flavouring agent in
confectionaries and beverages.

42. Reference
1. Text book of pharmacognosy by Trease and evans 13 th edition page
no:491-501
2. Pharmacognosy and pharmacobiotechnology by Ashutoshkar 2nd
edition page no:183-194
3. www.wikipedia.com
.