Linking Climate Policy to Rural Development in Africa
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This document discusses redefining Africa's agrarian development policies in the face of climate change. It outlines that agricultural productivity in Africa has not kept pace with population growth, with cereal yields stagnating. Climate change impacts agro-ecosystems through changes to the environment and socioeconomics. The challenges include strengthening rural development and governance, improving productivity, and managing natural resources sustainably. Integrated actions are needed across economic growth, sustainable environments, and social equity to help rural communities weather the effects of climate change.
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Linking Climate Policy to Rural Development in Africa
- 1. Linking Policy to Practice Ernest L. Molua Agro-Environmental Economist (University of Buea, Cameroon) Redefining Africa's Agrarian Development Policies in the Face of Climate Change Challenge: AfricaAdapt Climate Change Symposium 2011, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- 10. Climate Influence Water level Structure Beach state Overtop Breach Flood Waves Flood event Extreme wave climate Beach morphology Extreme water level climate Changes to structure Mean water level Surges Land level Tides Rainfall, freeze/thaw, wave damage, animal activity, vegetation ‘ Everyday’ wave climate Wind speed direction Global temperature Atmospheric pressure Climate
- 11. 3. Climate Change Challenge
- 12. Climate Change …
- 13. Climate Change … Source: Feddema and Freire (2001.) GCM Predictions
- 15. Reduction in the Area of Lake Chad 25000 km 2 To 1350 km 2 from reduced rain and irrigation The Challenge…
- 16. Climate Change Challenge Energy Demand Energy Supply Emissions Sequestration Climate Change Climate Variability Economic and Social Issues and Development Scenarios Scenarios Impacts Adaptation -ve Now, So what? Policy Policy Policy Policy Policy Policy Risk Analysis Forecast Models Options Appraisal Policy Analysis Uncertainty Analysis Sensitivity Analysis Evaluation Uncertainty Uncertainty Uncertainty Uncertainty Uncertainty
- 17. Integrated actions Economic growth Sustainable environments Social equity 4. Wither or weather the Storm…?
- 18. A relational strategy... Wither or weather…?
- 19. Integration transect Wither or weather…?
- 21. 5. New Perspectives for Rural and Agrarian Development
- 24. Climate Change Policy Decision Making Framework Climate change issue Climate change application Adaptation strategies Climate change research, monitoring Climate change policy Socio-economic scenarios Climate change scenarios Impact assessment Climate change policy Identify problem Implement decision Establish criteria for decision-making Monitor Risk assessment Options appraisal Identify options Vulnerability assessment Problem defined correctly ? Data information collection Yes Yes No No Make decision Objectives met ? 6. Way Forward…..& Conclusion
Editor's Notes
- NB Prominent role of scenarios for forecasting changes in futurehazards and as a basis for uncertainty analysis. Scenarios work both ways - because future is in many ways unknowable, and we are thinking 20 years plus ahead. NB Important points at which policy influences. Scenarios determined by current policies and used to investigate the influence of potential policies. Ian M will talk more of scenarios. This project concerned with the right hand side, the parts in yellow. Stress use of tools. Scenarios work both ways - because future is in many ways unknowable, and we are thinking 20 years plus ahead. Concerned with the red bits Use of tools Type 1 decisions Type 2 decisions
- So, IAMs must provide insight into the fundamental triad of sustainable development.
- Our strategy for the CCC bid is to scale between the local and global, cognisant of different policy needs.
- Here is a list of things that IAM modelers (and their critics) suggest are important, roughly organised along a continuum from biophysical (natural science) to geographic and economic systems, and ultimate social and ethical concerns. For example, IAMs generally use reduced form, simplistic climate models, much to the concern of global climate modelers. Surface hydrology is rarely included--such IAMs cannot simulate the potential for disruption to the North Atlantic ocean circulation due to influxes of freshwater. The discount rate is a common issue, recently related to how IAMs could address inter-generational equity the discount rate may not affect the choice of strategies). More difficult would be inclusion of significant changes in technology or consumer demand.
- This tool is not an approach to national adaptation planning unto itself. But, used as one of a set of tools, it can have important implications for national adaptation planning processes. In particular, it can enable planners to get at and respond to the needs of vulnerable groups of people that might not otherwise register in standard sectoral or hazards-based assessments. Clearly, identifying the measures and strategies that communities and NGOs use to reduce vulnerability to climate hazards is a key step in determining how these communities can be helped to adapt to climate change; the SL approach can provide a framework for this. As important, this sort of assessment can help to identify the types of policies and socioeconomic conditions that thwart or support community efforts to withstand, cope with and recover from these shocks. In general, this sort of knowledge is not new; such work has been undertaken in other fields (disaster mitigation, food security, poverty alleviation). But by exploring and articulating these ideas within the climate change context, a timely focus on those whose lives and livelihoods are at greatest risk may be achievable.
- Developed a framework that describes the process that should be adopted for analysing a climate sensitive decision. The framework is consistent with and developed from the Guidance on Environmental risk Assessment (‘GreenLeaves 2’) recently published by DETR, and largely developed by Simon Pollard and colleagues at NCRAOA. The framework for climate change decision making that includes the analysis of risk with uncertainty. Note that the framework should be used iteratively to represent changes in the future, including changes in our knowledge of actual and future climate change impacts. It can be used hierachically, to analyse decisions taken by different types of decision maker. Finally, it can represent a tiered approach to the assessment of climate adaptation decisions. The supporting guidelines lead the user through a series of steps, each with some associated questions to be answered. These stages also point the user to some relevant tools and techniques to assist the decision-making process. The framework identifies a range of adaptation options available to decision makers, in generic terms, with an emphasis on the recognition of ‘ no ’ or ‘ low regret options’ .