This document discusses the effects of temperature on materials and structures. It begins by explaining two main effects of temperature: expansion/contraction and changes in material properties. Thermal stresses can arise if a material's thermal expansion is resisted. The total strain on a material is the sum of mechanical and thermal strains. Different materials have different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE). Temperature variations can be caused by the environment or aerodynamic heating. The temperature distribution in a structure can be determined by analyzing heat transfer through conduction, convection and radiation.