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Parallel User Interface Rendering
                 ~
Accessibility for Custom Widgets

      Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen
      Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
    Department of Electrical Engineering
          ESAT - SCD - DocArch



              Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen   1/16
Agenda
●
    Introduction
●
    Parallel User Interface Rendering
●
    Widgets
●
    Cosmetic widgets
●
    Conclusions
●
    Future...



                       Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen   2/16
Introduction
●
    GUIs in all aspects of life: computers, MP3 players,
    home appliances, mobile phones, ...
●
    Inherent visual interaction model poses a complication
    for users with disabilities (especially blindness)
●
    Mixing graphical toolkits within a single environment
    complicates matters even more (Linux: Qt, GTK,
    Athena, …)
●
    Custom widgets: often not supported in assistive
    technology without fancy scripting (if available)

                      Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen            3/16
Introduction (cont...)
●
    Abstracting the user interface offers advantages:
     –   Unified user interaction semantics across toolkits and
         modalities
     –   Retaining flexibility in rendering for multiple modalities
     –   Assistive technology as 1st generation rendering
●
    Parallel User Interface Rendering (PUIR) provides for
    equivalent concurrent renderings of the UI



                          Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen                 4/16
Parallel User Interface Rendering
●
    User interface defined in abstract form (XML file)
     –   Effectively defines data and how to present data
●
    Abstract UI description interpreted by an AUI engine
     –   Handles user interaction semantics
●
    UI presentation rendered by modality-specific agent(s)
●
    Rendering agent depends on system specific toolkits
●
    Rendering agents provide presentations concurrently
     –   Provide both visual and non-visual rendering
                        Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen          5/16
PUIR: The AUI engine
●
    Interprets an abstract UI description (XML file)
●
    Implements user interaction semantics
●
    Encapsulates data in the UI
●
    Provides focus management
●
    Dispatches events to the application and rendering agents
●
    Can be called from application and rendering agents
●
    Has no knowledge of implementation details of
    application and rendering agents

                      Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen           6/16
PUIR: GUI rendering agent
●
    Java Swing based in-process rendering agent
●
    Complex changes to bypass user interaction in widgets
●
    Reduced to provide merely the presentation of widgets
●
    Some widgets operate slightly differently
●
    Pointer device UI interaction interpreted in the rendering
    agent:
     –   Necessary because position is tied to GUI context
     –   Semantic operations mapped to AUI operations

                        Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen          7/16
PUIR: Non-visual rendering agent
●
    Remote rendering agent
●
    Basic speech output presentation as proof-of-concept
●
    Proxy objects for transparency and caching
●
    Equivalent with GUI rendering agent:
    –   Receives the same events
    –   Synchronized with other rendering agents




                      Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen          8/16
PUIR: Input processing
●
    Keyboard:
    –   Textual input
    –   Navigation, text selection, editing, …
    –   Processed directly by AUI (for proof-of-concept)
●
    Mouse:
    –   Processed by rendering agent
    –   Position to be interpreted within graphical context
    –   Semantic user interaction delegated to AUI engine

                        Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen           9/16
PUIR: Input processing (cont...)
●
    Braille keyboard:
    –   Coded textual input translated into text
    –   Text processed as if entered on regular keyboard
    –   Limited cursor addressable positional input
    –   Positional input interpreted in context
    –   Semantic user interaction delegated to AUI engine




                        Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen         10/16
Widgets
●
    Two entities per widget:
     –   Abstract widget:
          ●
              Operates entirely within the AUI engine
          ●
              Implements user interaction semantics
          ●
           Encapsulates data
     –   Widget presentation:
          ●
              Usually one per rendering agent
          ●
              Implements rendering in output modality

                          Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen   11/16
Widgets (cont...)
●
    Design:
    –   Define UI in abstract UI description
    –   Typically by means of design tool
    –   Rendering specific information can be included




                       Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen       12/16
Widgets (cont...)
●
    Runtime construction:
    –   Instantiation of UI based on AUI description
    –   For every widget:
         ●
             Find built-in abstract widget class
         ●
           If none, search in alternate locations
         ●
           If none, UI cannot be instantiated




                         Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen   13/16
Widgets (cont...)
●
    Rendering:
    –   One-to-one correspondence between abstract widget
        class and presentation class
    –   For every widget:
         ●
             Find built-in widget presentation class
         ●
           If none, search in alternate locations
         ●
           If none and cosmetic widget, use core alternate
                                                       (more on this 2 slides from now...)

         ●
             If none, use default place-holder widget
                         Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen                                    14/16
Widgets (cont...)
●
    Rendering (cont...):
    –   Rendering agent knows what widgets are supported
    –   Rendering agent can alert user appropriately
    –   Rendering agent can query information from AUI
        about the unsupported widget
    –   Accidental user interaction is guarded against




                       Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen         15/16
Cosmetic widgets
●
    Widgets with a very specific presentation
●
    Typically derivative of an existing core widget
●
    User interaction semantics remain the same


●
    AUI description specifies equivalence between cosmetic
    widget and core widget
●
    Core widget can act as default presentation when no
    custom presentation class is found

                      Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen         16/16
Cosmetic widgets (cont...)


●
    Left-to-right:
     –   Four regular buttons
     –   VU-meter style widget: equivalent with numeric label
     –   Four knobs: equivalent with discrete slider
     –   Four indicator lights: equivalent with label
     –   Four regular buttons
                        Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen         17/16
Conclusions
●
    Parallel User Interface Rendering
     –   Powerful technique for Design-for-All
     –   Coherence between concurrent equivalent renderings
     –   Generic: not just for non-visual renderings
     –   Robust handling of custom widgets
     –   Support for custom widgets independent from
         applications and specific uses
     –   Can be used in automated application testing as well

                        Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen             18/16
Future...
●
    Completion of proof-of-concept
●
    More testing
●
    Public release

●
    Default presentation of custom widgets merely based on
    abstract widget information
●
    Remote operation of applications


     At all stages, feedback from real users is be crucial!
                      Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen             19/16
Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen
  Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Department of Electrical Engineering
     ESAT – SCD – DocArch
     Kasteelpark Arenberg 10
         B-3001 Heverlee
             Belgium

kris@alchar.org, jan@docarch.be


       Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen     20/16

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1a8 parrallel ui rendering

  • 1. Parallel User Interface Rendering ~ Accessibility for Custom Widgets Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Department of Electrical Engineering ESAT - SCD - DocArch Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen 1/16
  • 2. Agenda ● Introduction ● Parallel User Interface Rendering ● Widgets ● Cosmetic widgets ● Conclusions ● Future... Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen 2/16
  • 3. Introduction ● GUIs in all aspects of life: computers, MP3 players, home appliances, mobile phones, ... ● Inherent visual interaction model poses a complication for users with disabilities (especially blindness) ● Mixing graphical toolkits within a single environment complicates matters even more (Linux: Qt, GTK, Athena, …) ● Custom widgets: often not supported in assistive technology without fancy scripting (if available) Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen 3/16
  • 4. Introduction (cont...) ● Abstracting the user interface offers advantages: – Unified user interaction semantics across toolkits and modalities – Retaining flexibility in rendering for multiple modalities – Assistive technology as 1st generation rendering ● Parallel User Interface Rendering (PUIR) provides for equivalent concurrent renderings of the UI Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen 4/16
  • 5. Parallel User Interface Rendering ● User interface defined in abstract form (XML file) – Effectively defines data and how to present data ● Abstract UI description interpreted by an AUI engine – Handles user interaction semantics ● UI presentation rendered by modality-specific agent(s) ● Rendering agent depends on system specific toolkits ● Rendering agents provide presentations concurrently – Provide both visual and non-visual rendering Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen 5/16
  • 6. PUIR: The AUI engine ● Interprets an abstract UI description (XML file) ● Implements user interaction semantics ● Encapsulates data in the UI ● Provides focus management ● Dispatches events to the application and rendering agents ● Can be called from application and rendering agents ● Has no knowledge of implementation details of application and rendering agents Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen 6/16
  • 7. PUIR: GUI rendering agent ● Java Swing based in-process rendering agent ● Complex changes to bypass user interaction in widgets ● Reduced to provide merely the presentation of widgets ● Some widgets operate slightly differently ● Pointer device UI interaction interpreted in the rendering agent: – Necessary because position is tied to GUI context – Semantic operations mapped to AUI operations Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen 7/16
  • 8. PUIR: Non-visual rendering agent ● Remote rendering agent ● Basic speech output presentation as proof-of-concept ● Proxy objects for transparency and caching ● Equivalent with GUI rendering agent: – Receives the same events – Synchronized with other rendering agents Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen 8/16
  • 9. PUIR: Input processing ● Keyboard: – Textual input – Navigation, text selection, editing, … – Processed directly by AUI (for proof-of-concept) ● Mouse: – Processed by rendering agent – Position to be interpreted within graphical context – Semantic user interaction delegated to AUI engine Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen 9/16
  • 10. PUIR: Input processing (cont...) ● Braille keyboard: – Coded textual input translated into text – Text processed as if entered on regular keyboard – Limited cursor addressable positional input – Positional input interpreted in context – Semantic user interaction delegated to AUI engine Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen 10/16
  • 11. Widgets ● Two entities per widget: – Abstract widget: ● Operates entirely within the AUI engine ● Implements user interaction semantics ● Encapsulates data – Widget presentation: ● Usually one per rendering agent ● Implements rendering in output modality Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen 11/16
  • 12. Widgets (cont...) ● Design: – Define UI in abstract UI description – Typically by means of design tool – Rendering specific information can be included Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen 12/16
  • 13. Widgets (cont...) ● Runtime construction: – Instantiation of UI based on AUI description – For every widget: ● Find built-in abstract widget class ● If none, search in alternate locations ● If none, UI cannot be instantiated Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen 13/16
  • 14. Widgets (cont...) ● Rendering: – One-to-one correspondence between abstract widget class and presentation class – For every widget: ● Find built-in widget presentation class ● If none, search in alternate locations ● If none and cosmetic widget, use core alternate (more on this 2 slides from now...) ● If none, use default place-holder widget Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen 14/16
  • 15. Widgets (cont...) ● Rendering (cont...): – Rendering agent knows what widgets are supported – Rendering agent can alert user appropriately – Rendering agent can query information from AUI about the unsupported widget – Accidental user interaction is guarded against Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen 15/16
  • 16. Cosmetic widgets ● Widgets with a very specific presentation ● Typically derivative of an existing core widget ● User interaction semantics remain the same ● AUI description specifies equivalence between cosmetic widget and core widget ● Core widget can act as default presentation when no custom presentation class is found Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen 16/16
  • 17. Cosmetic widgets (cont...) ● Left-to-right: – Four regular buttons – VU-meter style widget: equivalent with numeric label – Four knobs: equivalent with discrete slider – Four indicator lights: equivalent with label – Four regular buttons Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen 17/16
  • 18. Conclusions ● Parallel User Interface Rendering – Powerful technique for Design-for-All – Coherence between concurrent equivalent renderings – Generic: not just for non-visual renderings – Robust handling of custom widgets – Support for custom widgets independent from applications and specific uses – Can be used in automated application testing as well Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen 18/16
  • 19. Future... ● Completion of proof-of-concept ● More testing ● Public release ● Default presentation of custom widgets merely based on abstract widget information ● Remote operation of applications At all stages, feedback from real users is be crucial! Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen 19/16
  • 20. Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Department of Electrical Engineering ESAT – SCD – DocArch Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 B-3001 Heverlee Belgium kris@alchar.org, jan@docarch.be Kris Van Hees & Jan Engelen 20/16