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Web Frameworks
of the Future
Flex, GWT, Rails and Grails

Matt Raible
http://raibledesigns.com
Introductions
!   Your experience with web applications?
!   Have you heard of SOFEA or SOUI?
!   Experience with Rails, Grails, GWT or Flex?
!   What do you want to get from this session?
!   Framework Experience:
    !   Struts 1/2, Spring MVC, JSF, Stripes, Tapestry, Wicket, Django
Who is Matt Raible?

!   Java Blogger since 2002
!   Power user of Java Web Frameworks
!   Author of Spring Live and Pro JSP 2.0
!   Founder of AppFuse (http://appfuse.org)
!   Member of Java EE 5, JSF 1.2 and Bean Validation Expert Groups
!   Lead UI Architect at LinkedIn
!   Father, Skier, Cyclist and Beer Connoisseur

                    http://www.linkedin.com/in/mraible
The Problem
How do you choose?
Eliminate, Don’t Include




It’s not about including choices,
   it’s about eliminating them.
Web Frameworks of the Future
Session Agenda
!   SOFEA and SOUI
!   REST Backend
    !   Rails
    !   Grails
    !   Comparison
!   Rich Frontend
    !   Flex
    !   GWT
    !   Comparison
!   Conclusion and Q & A
SOFEA and SOUI
!   SOFEA first introduced by Ganesh Prasad, Rajat Taneja and Vikrant
    Todankar in Life above the Service Tier on 10/12/2007.
    !   http://www.theserverside.com/news/thread.tss?thread_id=47213
!   SOUI introduced by Nolan Wright and Jeff Haynie in early November.
    2007.
    !   http://www.infoq.com/news/2007/11/soui-death-of-mvc2
!   SOFEA Authors have since formed the Thin Server Architecture
    Working Group.
    !   http://www.thinserverarchitecture.com
!   Nolan and Jeff developed Appcelerator.
    !   http://www.appcelerator.org
SOFEA Principles
!   Decouple the three orthogonal Presentation Tier processes of
    Application Download, Presentation Flow and Data Interchange.
    This is the foundational principle of SOFEA.
!   Explore various Application Download options to exploit usefully
    contrary trade-offs around client footprint, startup time, offline
    capability and a number of security-related parameters.
!   Presentation Flow must be driven by a client-side component and
    never by a server-side component.
!   Data Interchange between the Presentation Tier and the Service Tier
    must not become the weakest link in the end-to-end application chain
    of data integrity.
!   Model-View-Controller (MVC) is a good pattern to use to build the
    Presentation Tier.
Web Frameworks of the Future
Recommended Frameworks
!    DHTML/AJAX frameworks for Modern Browsers
    ! Largely handcoded with third party JavaScript libraries
    !   Google Web Toolkit (GWT, GWT-Ext)
    !   TIBCO General Interface Builder
!    XML Dialects for Advanced Browsers
    ! XForms and XHTML 2.0
    !   Mozilla XUL
    !   Microsoft SilverLight/XAML
!    Java frameworks
    ! Java WebStart (with/without Spring Rich Client)
    !   JavaFX
!   Adobe Flash-based frameworks
    !   Adobe Flex
    !   OpenLaszlo
REST




 http://www.infoq.com/articles/rest-introduction
Ruby on Rails
!   REST is enabled by default with Scaffolding
!   Scaffolding doesn’t support one-to-many UI
!   ActiveScaffold fixes one-to-many, supports REST and adds Ajax
    !   Rails 2.1 and ActiveScaffold 1.1.1
        !   script/install plugin and git clone
        !   Download and unzip works...
        !   ...but, you need 2.1 patch from:
            !   http://github.com/lightningdb/activescaffold/tree/master
        !   Warbler has issues with ActiveScaffold
RESTful Rails
Grails
!   Grails 1.x has REST support built-in
!   Scaffolding does not support REST by default
!   Adding REST support to Scaffolding
    !   http://fbflex.wordpress.com/2008/05/15/rest-service-xml-output-in-
        grails-via-content-negotiation
    !   Fix for Firefox 3: http://www.nabble.com/scaffolding-rendering-
        defaulting-to-XML-now-td18540185.html
!   Scaffolding insufficiently supports one-to-many UI
!   One-to-many support possible if you modify templates
    !   http://www.stainlesscode.com/site/comments/
        grails_one_to_many_scaffolding
RESTful Grails
Rails vs. Grails

!   http://grails.org/Grails+vs+Rails+Benchmark
    !   Grails: 40 requests per second, Rails: 32
Language Performance
                                    Time (ms) per iteration
     600




     400




     200




        0
                Java          C++          JRuby       Python        Groovy          PHP

http://blog.dhananjaynene.com/2008/07/performance-comparison-c-java-python-ruby-jython-jruby-groovy/
Jobs

             Grails             Rails

500


375


250


125


  0
      LinkedIn        Monster           Dice
My LinkedIn Network

      Grails         Rails

150




100




 50




  0
      Located in or near 80210
Flex + Rails
!   Flex Scaffold
    !   http://www.railslodge.com/plugins/717-flex-scaffold
!   Flex e-Genial Scaffold
    !   http://rubyforge.org/projects/flexscaffold
!   WebORB for Ruby on Rails
    !   http://www.themidnightcoders.com/weborb/rubyonrails/index.htm
!   <mx:HTTPService id=”...” url=”...” resultFormat=”...”
        HTTPMethod=”...” result=”...”/>
Flex
!   Pros:
    !   Produces Flash UI
    !   Funded by Adobe
    !   Has many successful client stories
    !   Supports REST easily
!   Cons
    !   Not Search Engine Friendly
    !   Doesn’t render HTML content well
    !   Doesn’t print well by default
    !   No Zero Turnaround w/o IDE
GWT + Grails
!   GWT Plugin
    !   http://grails.org/GWT+Plugin
    !   Uses Server-side RPC
!   GWT has limited support for REST
    !   JSONRequest
    !   GWT-REST (works best with Rails)
    !   Sonatype GWT REST (in development)
    !   Restlet API (in development)
GWT
!   Pros:
    !   Write Java => Produces JavaScript
    !   Easy to learn and develop with standard Java tools
    !   Vibrant Community
    !   Zero Turnaround in Hosted Mode
!   Cons:
    !   Hard to attach GWT on top of existing code
    !   Doesn’t support REST very well
    !   Operates within the confines of the browser’s JavaScript sandbox
Flex vs. GWT
!   Ajax vs. Flex
    !   http://anthonyfranco.wordpress.com/2007/06/22/flex-and-ajax-
        friends-or-foes
!   Use the Best Tool for the Job
    !   Open Web: Ajax
    !   Video and Rich Media: Flex
    !   HTML Rendering: Ajax
    !   Vector Graphics and Bitmap Manipulation: Flex
    !   Accessibility: Flex
Flex vs. Ajax Performance




  http://www.jamesward.com/census
Jobs

             GWT             Flex

300


225


150


 75


  0
      LinkedIn     Monster          Dice
My LinkedIn Network

        GWT              Flex

50.0


37.5


25.0


12.5


  0
        Located in or near 80210
Pretty Graphs
Project Support and Licensing
!   Grails - http://grails.org
    !   Apache 2.0 License
    !   Active Community @ http://grails.org/Community
    !   Training from G2One and No Fluff Just Stuff
    !   The 2G Experience
    !   Recommended Books:
        !   Getting Started with Grails by Jason Rudolph
        !   Groovy Recipes by Scott Davis
        !   Programming Groovy by Venkat Subramaniam
        !   Beginning Groovy and Grails by Judd, Nusairat and Shingler
Project Support and Licensing
!   Ruby on Rails - http://rubyonrails.org
    !   MIT License
    !   Active Community @ http://www.rubyonrails.org/community
    !   Training from The Pragmatic Studio and many others
    !   RailsConf and The Rails Edge
    !   Recommended Books:
        !   Agile Web Development with Rails by Thomas and DHH
        !   Rails for Java Developers by Halloway and Gehtland
        !   Practical JRuby on Rails by Ola Bini
        !   The Rails Way by Obie Fernandez
Adobe Flex
!   Adobe Flex - http://www.adobe.com/products/flex
    !   Flex SDK under Mozilla Public License
    !   Active Community
        !   Yahoo Group: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/flexcoders
        !   User Groups: http://flex.org/usergroups_list
    !   360|Flex
    !   Recommended Books
        !   Flexible Rails by Peter Armstrong
        !   Flex 3 in Action by Tariq Ahmed
        !   Flex on Java by Allmon and Anderson
Google Web Toolkit
!   Google Web Toolkit - http://code.google.com/webtoolkit
    !   Apache 2.0 License
    !   Active Community
        !   http://groups.google.com/group/Google-Web-Toolkit
    !   Pearson’s Google Web Toolkit Conference and Google I/O
    !   Recommended Books
        !   GWT in Action by Hanson and Tacy
        !   GWT in Practice by Cooper and Collins
        !   Google Web Toolkit Solutions by Geary and Gordon
        !   Pro Web 2.0 Application Development with GWT by Jeff Dwyer
Conclusion
!   Rails is more mature and supports RESTifying a database better.
!   Framework and Language performance doesn’t == scalability.
!   Grails may be faster from a requests per second standpoint.
!   Flex/Flash is not as restricted by the browser sandbox.
!   Flex supports REST better.
!   GWT works best if UI and backend are in same project.
!   SOFEA UIs are fun, but not for every application.
!   Don’t Believe The Hype!
    !   Prototype and draw your own conclusions.
Questions?




http://raibledesigns.com/rd/page/publications
Parties at OSCON
!   Tonight (Wednesday)
    !   Expo Hall (6-6:30)
    !   RedMonk at Kells (8-10)
    !   OpenSolaris/MySQL/Zend at DoubleTree Hotel (8-12)
!   Tomorrow
    !   SourceForge Awards Party at Jupiter Hotel (6-9)
    !   BeerForge III at Bossanova (8-11)
!   http://upcoming.yahoo.com/tag/oscon

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Web Frameworks of the Future

  • 1. Web Frameworks of the Future Flex, GWT, Rails and Grails Matt Raible http://raibledesigns.com
  • 2. Introductions ! Your experience with web applications? ! Have you heard of SOFEA or SOUI? ! Experience with Rails, Grails, GWT or Flex? ! What do you want to get from this session? ! Framework Experience: ! Struts 1/2, Spring MVC, JSF, Stripes, Tapestry, Wicket, Django
  • 3. Who is Matt Raible? ! Java Blogger since 2002 ! Power user of Java Web Frameworks ! Author of Spring Live and Pro JSP 2.0 ! Founder of AppFuse (http://appfuse.org) ! Member of Java EE 5, JSF 1.2 and Bean Validation Expert Groups ! Lead UI Architect at LinkedIn ! Father, Skier, Cyclist and Beer Connoisseur http://www.linkedin.com/in/mraible
  • 5. How do you choose?
  • 6. Eliminate, Don’t Include It’s not about including choices, it’s about eliminating them.
  • 8. Session Agenda ! SOFEA and SOUI ! REST Backend ! Rails ! Grails ! Comparison ! Rich Frontend ! Flex ! GWT ! Comparison ! Conclusion and Q & A
  • 9. SOFEA and SOUI ! SOFEA first introduced by Ganesh Prasad, Rajat Taneja and Vikrant Todankar in Life above the Service Tier on 10/12/2007. ! http://www.theserverside.com/news/thread.tss?thread_id=47213 ! SOUI introduced by Nolan Wright and Jeff Haynie in early November. 2007. ! http://www.infoq.com/news/2007/11/soui-death-of-mvc2 ! SOFEA Authors have since formed the Thin Server Architecture Working Group. ! http://www.thinserverarchitecture.com ! Nolan and Jeff developed Appcelerator. ! http://www.appcelerator.org
  • 10. SOFEA Principles ! Decouple the three orthogonal Presentation Tier processes of Application Download, Presentation Flow and Data Interchange. This is the foundational principle of SOFEA. ! Explore various Application Download options to exploit usefully contrary trade-offs around client footprint, startup time, offline capability and a number of security-related parameters. ! Presentation Flow must be driven by a client-side component and never by a server-side component. ! Data Interchange between the Presentation Tier and the Service Tier must not become the weakest link in the end-to-end application chain of data integrity. ! Model-View-Controller (MVC) is a good pattern to use to build the Presentation Tier.
  • 12. Recommended Frameworks ! DHTML/AJAX frameworks for Modern Browsers ! Largely handcoded with third party JavaScript libraries ! Google Web Toolkit (GWT, GWT-Ext) ! TIBCO General Interface Builder ! XML Dialects for Advanced Browsers ! XForms and XHTML 2.0 ! Mozilla XUL ! Microsoft SilverLight/XAML ! Java frameworks ! Java WebStart (with/without Spring Rich Client) ! JavaFX ! Adobe Flash-based frameworks ! Adobe Flex ! OpenLaszlo
  • 14. Ruby on Rails ! REST is enabled by default with Scaffolding ! Scaffolding doesn’t support one-to-many UI ! ActiveScaffold fixes one-to-many, supports REST and adds Ajax ! Rails 2.1 and ActiveScaffold 1.1.1 ! script/install plugin and git clone ! Download and unzip works... ! ...but, you need 2.1 patch from: ! http://github.com/lightningdb/activescaffold/tree/master ! Warbler has issues with ActiveScaffold
  • 16. Grails ! Grails 1.x has REST support built-in ! Scaffolding does not support REST by default ! Adding REST support to Scaffolding ! http://fbflex.wordpress.com/2008/05/15/rest-service-xml-output-in- grails-via-content-negotiation ! Fix for Firefox 3: http://www.nabble.com/scaffolding-rendering- defaulting-to-XML-now-td18540185.html ! Scaffolding insufficiently supports one-to-many UI ! One-to-many support possible if you modify templates ! http://www.stainlesscode.com/site/comments/ grails_one_to_many_scaffolding
  • 18. Rails vs. Grails ! http://grails.org/Grails+vs+Rails+Benchmark ! Grails: 40 requests per second, Rails: 32
  • 19. Language Performance Time (ms) per iteration 600 400 200 0 Java C++ JRuby Python Groovy PHP http://blog.dhananjaynene.com/2008/07/performance-comparison-c-java-python-ruby-jython-jruby-groovy/
  • 20. Jobs Grails Rails 500 375 250 125 0 LinkedIn Monster Dice
  • 21. My LinkedIn Network Grails Rails 150 100 50 0 Located in or near 80210
  • 22. Flex + Rails ! Flex Scaffold ! http://www.railslodge.com/plugins/717-flex-scaffold ! Flex e-Genial Scaffold ! http://rubyforge.org/projects/flexscaffold ! WebORB for Ruby on Rails ! http://www.themidnightcoders.com/weborb/rubyonrails/index.htm ! <mx:HTTPService id=”...” url=”...” resultFormat=”...” HTTPMethod=”...” result=”...”/>
  • 23. Flex ! Pros: ! Produces Flash UI ! Funded by Adobe ! Has many successful client stories ! Supports REST easily ! Cons ! Not Search Engine Friendly ! Doesn’t render HTML content well ! Doesn’t print well by default ! No Zero Turnaround w/o IDE
  • 24. GWT + Grails ! GWT Plugin ! http://grails.org/GWT+Plugin ! Uses Server-side RPC ! GWT has limited support for REST ! JSONRequest ! GWT-REST (works best with Rails) ! Sonatype GWT REST (in development) ! Restlet API (in development)
  • 25. GWT ! Pros: ! Write Java => Produces JavaScript ! Easy to learn and develop with standard Java tools ! Vibrant Community ! Zero Turnaround in Hosted Mode ! Cons: ! Hard to attach GWT on top of existing code ! Doesn’t support REST very well ! Operates within the confines of the browser’s JavaScript sandbox
  • 26. Flex vs. GWT ! Ajax vs. Flex ! http://anthonyfranco.wordpress.com/2007/06/22/flex-and-ajax- friends-or-foes ! Use the Best Tool for the Job ! Open Web: Ajax ! Video and Rich Media: Flex ! HTML Rendering: Ajax ! Vector Graphics and Bitmap Manipulation: Flex ! Accessibility: Flex
  • 27. Flex vs. Ajax Performance http://www.jamesward.com/census
  • 28. Jobs GWT Flex 300 225 150 75 0 LinkedIn Monster Dice
  • 29. My LinkedIn Network GWT Flex 50.0 37.5 25.0 12.5 0 Located in or near 80210
  • 31. Project Support and Licensing ! Grails - http://grails.org ! Apache 2.0 License ! Active Community @ http://grails.org/Community ! Training from G2One and No Fluff Just Stuff ! The 2G Experience ! Recommended Books: ! Getting Started with Grails by Jason Rudolph ! Groovy Recipes by Scott Davis ! Programming Groovy by Venkat Subramaniam ! Beginning Groovy and Grails by Judd, Nusairat and Shingler
  • 32. Project Support and Licensing ! Ruby on Rails - http://rubyonrails.org ! MIT License ! Active Community @ http://www.rubyonrails.org/community ! Training from The Pragmatic Studio and many others ! RailsConf and The Rails Edge ! Recommended Books: ! Agile Web Development with Rails by Thomas and DHH ! Rails for Java Developers by Halloway and Gehtland ! Practical JRuby on Rails by Ola Bini ! The Rails Way by Obie Fernandez
  • 33. Adobe Flex ! Adobe Flex - http://www.adobe.com/products/flex ! Flex SDK under Mozilla Public License ! Active Community ! Yahoo Group: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/flexcoders ! User Groups: http://flex.org/usergroups_list ! 360|Flex ! Recommended Books ! Flexible Rails by Peter Armstrong ! Flex 3 in Action by Tariq Ahmed ! Flex on Java by Allmon and Anderson
  • 34. Google Web Toolkit ! Google Web Toolkit - http://code.google.com/webtoolkit ! Apache 2.0 License ! Active Community ! http://groups.google.com/group/Google-Web-Toolkit ! Pearson’s Google Web Toolkit Conference and Google I/O ! Recommended Books ! GWT in Action by Hanson and Tacy ! GWT in Practice by Cooper and Collins ! Google Web Toolkit Solutions by Geary and Gordon ! Pro Web 2.0 Application Development with GWT by Jeff Dwyer
  • 35. Conclusion ! Rails is more mature and supports RESTifying a database better. ! Framework and Language performance doesn’t == scalability. ! Grails may be faster from a requests per second standpoint. ! Flex/Flash is not as restricted by the browser sandbox. ! Flex supports REST better. ! GWT works best if UI and backend are in same project. ! SOFEA UIs are fun, but not for every application. ! Don’t Believe The Hype! ! Prototype and draw your own conclusions.
  • 37. Parties at OSCON ! Tonight (Wednesday) ! Expo Hall (6-6:30) ! RedMonk at Kells (8-10) ! OpenSolaris/MySQL/Zend at DoubleTree Hotel (8-12) ! Tomorrow ! SourceForge Awards Party at Jupiter Hotel (6-9) ! BeerForge III at Bossanova (8-11) ! http://upcoming.yahoo.com/tag/oscon