UML-Based Web Engineering

UML-Based Web Engineering
Nora Koch
joint work with Gefei Zhang, Martin Wirsing, Andreas Kraus,
Alexander Knapp, Rolf Hennicker and Hubert Baumeister

Web Engineering Group
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)

Sevilla, 21.4.2005

Web Projects

main problems
business goals are not fulfilled
delays in relation to project plan
project exceeds budget
system delivered does not have required functionality
deliverables are of poor quality
current situation (similar to software development around 1960)
individual, quick & dirty implementations
reuse based on copy & paste
missing documentation
incremental complexity of web applications and web services

UML-Based Web Engineering © Nora Koch Sevilla, 21.04.2005, 2

1

Methodologies for Web Development
Data- Hypertext- Process- Implementation-
OO-oriented
oriented oriented oriented oriented
1993 HDM

1994 EORM

1995 RMM

1996 HDM-Lite OOHDM

1997 WSDM OO-Method Web Composition

1998 SOHDM RNA HFPM

1999 WAE

2000 WebML W2000 UWE eW3DT

2001
Hera
2002

2003 OOWS OOH NDT
M. J. Escalona,2004
2004 WebSA

Methodologies for Web Development

EORM Enhanced Object Relationship Model
eW3DT Extended World Wide Web Design Technique
HDM Hypertext Design Model
Hera
HFPM Hypertext Flexible Process Modeling
NDT Navigational Development Technique

OO-H Object-Oriented Hypermedia Method
OO-Method Object-Oriented Method
OOHDM Object-Oriented Hypermedia Design Method
OOWS Object-Oriented Web Solution

RMM Relationship Management Methodology
RNA Relationship-Navigation Analysis
SOHDM Scenario-based Hypermedia Design Method
UWE UML-based Web Engineering

W2000
WAE Web Application Extension
Web Composition
WebML Web Modeling Language
WebSA Web Software Architecture
WSDM Web Site Design Method


2

Contents

UWE: A Web Engineering Approach
Modelling with UML and UWE (Notation)
Modelling supported by UWE Method
Metamodel for UWE
Tool support with ArgoUWE
UWE Development Process
Future Work and Trends in Web Engineering


What is UWE?

UWE is a an engineering approach for the development of web
applications
main characteristic is the use of UML for all models
focuses on systematisation and automatic generation
UWE comprises
a notation for the graphical representation of the model elements
a method (technique) supporting semi-automatic generation
a metamodel for UWE modelling elements
a process supporting the development life-cycle of web applications

a case-tool ArgoUWE supporting the design of web applications

(UWE is also a German male name)


3

Web-based Systems / Web Applications

characteristics
based on the hypermedia paradigm
nodes & links
text & multimedia
omnipresent due to the nature of the web
global and permanent availability
comfortable and unified access
distributed information / services
producible by “everybody“
dynamic development
incremental number of web pages
continuous improvement of existing web applications (content, links, layout)
offer of new services


Categories of Web Applications
complexity

semantic web

personalized

portal-oriented *

collaborative

workflow-based

transactional Source: Web Engineering, Kappel et al.
d-punkt Verlag (October 2003)

interactive

informative time


4

Why UML?

UML is a graphical language for specifying, constructing and
documenting software artifacts
UML is a de facto industry and a OMG standard
UML includes
notation
diagram types
metamodel
Object Constraints Language (OCL) for invariants, pre- and post-condition
well-formedness rules
UML is neither a method nor a process

How expressive is UML for the development of web applications?
UML does not include specific web modelling elements
UML defines extension mechanisms UML profiles


UML Profiles

UML extension is a UML profile if it only uses the
extension mechanisms provided by the UML
stereotypes
eases
tagged values tool support
OCL constraints
UML profile = light weight extension
«index»
article.date
NewArticles > user.lastVisit

{adaptation=annotated}

heavy weight extension
uses other diagram types not defined in the UML
uses different notation


5

Contents

Web Engineering Approach
Modelling with UML and UWE Notation
Requirement of Web Applications
Content, Hypertext Structure and Presentation
Workflow-based Web Applications
Adaptivity with Aspects
Web Architecture
Metamodel for UWE


Dimensions of Web Modelling

levels
presentation
hypertext adaptivity
content
phases
structure requirements analysis design implementation
analysis
behaviour

aspects
modelling process
information-driven (quot;content firstquot;)
presentation-driven (quot;layout firstquot;)
functionality-driven (quot;test firstquot;) agile process
Source: Kappel et al. Web Engineering,
d-punkt (2003)


6

Modelling Requirements of Web Applications
Case Study: e-Shop

UML use case diagrams are used to describe web application functionality
UWE extension
distinction
between Select <<extend>> AddTo
ProductItems ShoppingCart
“normal”/standard
<<navigation>>
use cases and
navigation use
Search ViewCart
cases ProductItems
UWE Stereotype <<navigation>> NonRegisteredUser
<<navigation>>
W2000 makes the LogIn
distinction at
diagram level: two <<extend>>
Customer
use case diagrams
PrintInvoice
Checkout
<<include>>


Refining the Requirements Specification
Case Study: e-Shop – checkout process

use cases complemented
with
textual specification LogIn
activity diagrams [ error ] [ newCustomer ]
UML activity diagrams for [ error ]
visual representation of [ returningCustomer ]
AddNewCustomer
workflows
to model the SetOptions
[ change ]
business logic of
newCustomer :
the application Customer
newOrder : Order PlaceOrder
UML call states exit/ delete Items ShoppingCart
and sub-activities
sub-activities can
PrintInvoice
further be refined


7

Content Modelling in UWE

goal
to model problem domain
to separate content from hypertext / navigation structure and presentation

UML class diagrams for the structure
UML sequence diagrams or UML state charts for the behaviour
sequence diagrams are used to visualize messages between objects
showing how they collaborate (messages between user and web
application)
state diagrams capture states of objects and show actions that lead to state
transitions


Content Modelling: Structure
Case Study: e-Shop

UML class diagrams at analysis-level and design-level
classes to
represent ShoppingCart Customer
add() name
units of textual checkout() 1..* 0..1 creditCard
information Book 1
*
multimedia Product ShoppingCart
elements DVD name Item
price 1 * quantity
associations, *
*
aggregations to CD
OrderItem
Address
+deliveryAddress street
show quantity zip-code
1 0..1 country
relationships
*
between classes Order +invoiceAddress 1
orderID
inheritance to invoiceNumber
1

show hierarchies sendInvoice()

between classes


8

Navigation Modelling in UWE

goals
to represent nodes and links of the hypertext structure
to design of navigation paths
to avoid disorientation and cognitive overload
result: navigation structure model
UML class diagram
specific modelling elements
other methodologies
own notation for hypertext elements
different diagrammatic representation of hypertext models


Navigation Modelling Elements (1)

basic navigation elements
navigation class specifies the hypertext nodes is visited by a user through
browsing (a navigation class will be given the same name of the domain
class which it maps)
navigation link specifies that the target navigation object is accessed by
navigation from the source navigation object
stereotypes for basic navigation elements
«navigation class»
«navigation link»
Class Name «navigation link»
attributes
operations


9

Navigation Structure Model (First Step)
Case Study: e-Shop

«navigation link» «navigation class»
Homepage
«navigation link»
«navigation link» «navigation link»
+shoppingCart 0..1 1 +customer
«navigation class» «navigation class»
ShoppingCart Customer

«navigation link»
«navigation link»
1..* +products +shoppingCartItems 0..*
+orders 0..*
Product ShoppingCartItem «navigation class»
Order
+product
+books 1..*
+orderItems 1..* «navigation link»
Book «navigation link» «navigation class»
OrderItem
«navigation link»


UWE Access Primitives

additional navigation elements
for the selection of one navigation target from a set of navigation
elements
«index»
«guidedTour»
«query»
«menu»

?
MyIndex MyGuidedTour MyQuery MyMenu


10

Navigation Modelling Elements (3)

modelling element: index
specifies a class of composite «index»

objects MyIndex

contains an arbitrary number of MyIndexItem * 1 «navigation class»
index items name: String MyNavigationClass
each index item is an object
which has a name and owns a
link to an instance of a
* «navigation class»
navigation class
MyNavigationClass
UML stereotype: «index» MyIndex


Navigation Structure Model (Second Step)
Case Study: e-Shop

Enhancement Homepage
of the
navigation
?
structure model Book SearchProducts
by access Recommendation

structures: SelectedResults
Customer OrderList
indexes 1..* 1..* 0..1

guided tours 0..*
queries Book Product ShoppingCart 0..*

Customer
Orders Order

ShoppingCartItems
OrderItems
0..* 0..*

ShoppingCartItem OrderItem


11

Navigation Structure Model (Third Step)
Case Study: e-Shop

Homepage

Enhancement of
the navigation MainMenu

structure model ? AccountInfo
by menus Book SearchProducts
Recommendation
Use of a set of
diagrams SelectedResults
1..* 1..* 0..1 OrderList
(different views Customer

of the navigation 0..*

space) if the Book Product ShoppingCart 0..*

number of nodes Customer Order
Orders
is large

ShoppingCartItems
OrderItems
0..* 0..*

ShoppingCartItem OrderItem


Process Modelling in UWE

goals
to model the process of a workflow driven web application
result
definition of process classes (for non-navigation use cases)
construction of a process structure model
description of the behaviour through a process flow and object flow with a
UML activity diagram
integration of the process classes in the navigation structure model


12

Process Modelling Elements

«process class»
models a class whose instances are needed by «process class»
Class Name
the user during execution of a process
attributes
operations
«process link»
models the association between a «navigation
«process link»
class» and a «process class» indicating entry
points and exit points of processes within the
navigation structure


Process Structure Model
Case Study: e-Shop

«process class»
«process class» PaymentOptions
Checkout 0..1 - creditCardNumber
- state:CheckoutActivityState - creditCardExpire
- payment :PaymentType
+ changeState()
+ checkCreditCard() : Boolean
0..1 0..1
«process class» «process class»
ShoppingCart Customer
1 1 setPaymentOptions() «enumeration» «enumeration»
+ placeOrder():Order CheckoutActivityState PaymentType
0..1 -welcome
«process class» -items -moneyOrder
Order -shipping -creditCard
0..1 -….
+ sendInvoice()

Structural view is partially derived from the content model
Process state is defined explicitly and implicitly by associations
Includes user input data


13

Process Flow and Object Flow
Case Study: e-Shop

Refinement of the process model of the SignIn
analysis phase [ customer->notEmpty() ] [ customer->isEmpty() ]

Distinction between «transactional»
«process class»
subactivity state and AddNewCustomer
: Customer
call state
Call states used for «process class»
SetOptions new : Customer
change operations
«process class»
data validation setPaymentOptions
(Customer) : PaymentOptions
Object flow states
of process classes
[ newCustomer ]
used for modelling
[ returningCustomer ]
user «process class» «transactional» «transactional»
input/output placeOrder SetPassword
: ShoppingCart (ShoppingCart)

«transactional»
«process class»
sendInvoice
Transactions modelled by : Order (Order)
stereotypes («transactional»)


Process Modelling (1)
Case Study: e-Shop

including process classes and process links before enhancing with access
structures
«process class»
Homepage SignIn
«process
link»
«process link»
+shoppingCart 0..1 1 +customer
«process class» «navigation class» «navigation class»
Checkout ShoppingCart Customer
«process
link»
«process link» +shoppingCart
+products 1..* Items 0..* +orders
0..*
Product «navigation class»
ShoppingCartItem
Order
«process link»
1..* +product +orderItems 1..*
«navigation class» «process class»
Book «navigation class»
AddToCart
OrderItem


14

Presentation Modelling in UWE

goal
representation of the structure and the behaviour of the user interface

characteristics
definition of pages as a hierarchical composition of presentation elements
supported by few methods
alternative: development of a prototype

results
class diagram for the structure of the presentation (in UML container notation)
dynamic interaction diagram (sequence diagrams) for the behaviour


UWE Modelling Elements for Presentation
Case Study: e-Shop

«page»
«page» is a presentation group that Conference
contains all elements that will be
«presentation class»
presented together to the user as ConferencePaper
response to one request
«text» «text»
«presentation class» groups a set of PaperID SubmissionDate
user interface elements representing
«text»
a logic unit of presentation PaperTitle
user interface elements
«text»
«anchor» Abstract
«text»
«image» «anchor» «button»
fullPaper (Pdf) ReviewForm
«button»
«anchor»
Authors


15

Aspect Oriented Modelling (AOM) in UWE

access control modelled by
aspects
«aspect» advice
Access Control

«navigation class» «process class»
ShoppingCart Checkout

pointcut
navigation adaptivity modelled by
aspects
link annotation
link ordering
link hiding
link generation
weaving the result into the web
application

Contents

From Requirements to Analysis Models
Generation of Navigation Model
Generation of Presentation Model
Applying MDA Principles
Transformation of Models
Metamodel for UWE


16

UWE Method

guidelines for the construction of the models
set of steps for each model
relationship between models

model construction is
Requirements <<trace>>
systematic Model

semi-automatic
<<trace>>
tool-supported <<trace>>
<<trace>>

<<trace>>
Content Navigation Presentation
<<trace>> <<trace>>
<<trace>>
<<trace>>
<<trace>>
<<trace>>

<<trace>>
Process Adaptation
<<trace>>


Building Requirements Models

build the use case model
find the relevant actors for the application
identify the uses cases that define the functionality of the application
establish which actor will be involved in which use case
define includes and extends relationships between use cases
use inheritance for actors and use cases
distinguish between navigation use cases and “normal” use cases (stereotype)

build an activity diagram for each non-navigational and non-trivial use case
identify activities
define transitions between activities
assign objects related to those activities

automation
assignment of activity diagram to each non-navigational use case.


17

Modelling Requirements of Web Applications
Case Study: Online Library

UML use case diagram
UML activity diagrams

Enter
article title
Find
article
Produce
<<navigation>> article list
Find
Reader [count=1] [count=0]
publication No results
<<navigation>> [count>1]

Modify Select
preferences article

Look at Display
new articles article
Registered
Reader <<navigation>>


Building the Domain/Content Model

build a class diagram
find classes for the objects identified in the activity diagrams
identify attributes and operations for these classes
determine relationships between classes (associations, aggregations.
compositions)
define inheritance hierarchies, if appropriated
add constraints

mark conceptual classes that are relevant for navigation structure

automation
generation of classes based on objects of the activity diagrams


18

Content Model

Library
name: String
rolename
deletePublication
library

..
1 * publications
multiplicity Publication 1..*
Keyword
title: String keywords
date: Date word: String
..
1*

* authors articles 1..*
Author Article
name: String * ..
1*
title: String
e-mail: String authors articles abstract: String
complete: URL


Building the Navigation Model (First Step)

build a class diagram
1. create a navigation class for each navigation relevant content class
(navigation classes map to content classes)
2. add attributes of omitted classes (if required) to navigation classes
(attributes of a navigation class maps to a attributes of other content
class)
3. map navigation links of navigation model to associations of content
model
4. transform aggregations and compositions into navigation links
5. map attributes of navigation classes to attributes of content classes
6. transfer multiplicities and role names of associations, aggregations and
compositions of content model to corresponding modelling elements of
the navigation model
7. add navigation links based on the scenarios of the use case model
8. add shortcuts, i.e. additional navigation links to reduce length of
navigation path
automation
steps 1, 3, 4, 5, 6


19

Navigation Structure Model (First Step)

UML stereotyped class
Library diagrams

select classes relevant
for navigation
keep associations as
publications 1..* navigation links
authors 1..*
Publication Keyword
* 1..* add additional
/keyword associations
1..*
1..* authors
define derived
attributes
Author
* 1..* articles add constraints
articles 1..* Article

visited 1..*
inv: /keyword = articles
self.ContentModel::
publication.keyword
«navigation link»

Building the Navigation Model (Second Step)

refine the class diagram
1. add an index to all navigation links, which have multiplicity > 1 at the
directed association end (one index item for each navigation object)
2. (optional) replace index by guided tour
3. (optional) add a query to select a subset of navigation objects
4. add an additional navigation link from access primitive to target
navigation class
5. move role names from the navigation class to the access primitive
6. set multiplicities to one
7. add constraints for invariants and pre-/post-conditions
8. ….

automation
steps 1, 5, 6


20


Library

query ?

publications
index
allAuthors publications 1..*
Publication
*

authors

1..*
1..* authors
allAuthors

Author



Library

LibraryM menu
?

publications
allAuthors publications 1..*
Publication
*

authors

1..*
1..* authors
allAuthors

Author

21

Model Driven Development (MDD)

OMG Standard MDA (model driven
architecture)
object-oriented models
UML as modelling language
model transformation to convert a model
of a system to another model
OMG terminology:
CIM: computation independent model
PIM : platform independent model
PSM: platform specific model


Web Software Architecture (WebSA)

a domain specific language to model the architectural views of a
web application:
subsystem model
configuration model «WebComponent »
A
integration model
«WebComponent »
UML profile with architectural modelling elements B [4]
:B[1{4}]

web component
web port
web connector
«WebComponent»
server page A
WebPort
Provided WebInterface

etc. Required WebInterface


22

WebSA: MDA-based Development Process

types of models Web Functional Viewpoint Web Architectural Viewpoint
analysis: functional
Functional Subsystem Configuration
and architectural Models Model Model
(OO-H,UWE)
design
implementation Analysis
T1
Merge Models to Model
transformations for Transformation

mapping & merging Platform
Integration Model
Independent Design
models
transformation T2 T2' T2'’

Implementation
language QVT-P
J2EE models .NET models Other models

*Melía, University of Alicante (2004)


Contents

Metamodel for UWE
Extension of UML Metamodel
UML Profile


23

Need of a Metamodel

to provide a formal semantic of the modelling elements
for tool support and code generation
for model checking
as instrument to compare and integrate different web methodologies

to go towards a common metamodel for web methodologies
unification at high level of abstraction
for each methodology
different development processes
use of subsets of modeling elements (like UML)
different notations (concrete syntax)
model transformation from one methodology to another


UWE Metamodel

definition of concepts and relationships «metamodel» M3
MOF
among concepts
compatibility with the OMG metamodeling «instanceOf»
architecture
MOF meta-metamodel «metamodel»
UML
XMI interchange format → tool compatibility
(theoretically) M2
conservative extension of the UML 1.5 «metamodel»
metamodel UWE

static semantics given by OCL constraints
(well-formedness rules) «instanceOf»

basis for the planned open tool suite
Application M1
OpenUWE Model


24

Package Structure

UWE

Behavioral Behavioral Model Model
Elements Elements
Behavioral Management
Model Management
Elements Management

Foundation
Foundation

Foundation

= UML Metamodel
= UWE Metamodel


Package Structure

UWE
Behavioral Behavioral Elements Model Model
Elements Adaptation Process
Management Management

Foundation
Core
Conceptual Navigation Presentation

Process

Context
User Environment

Foundation


25

UWE Navigation Package

Class Association

+source +outLinks
NavigationNode 1 {derived} * Link
+target +inLinks
isLandmark: Boolean isAutomatic: Boolean
1..*
1..* {derived} *

Navigation Class Menu ExternalNode ExternalLink NavigationalLink ProcessLink
url: String
0..1 * *


Metamodelling UWE Method

NavigationNode

ConceptualClass +derivedFrom NavigationClass
(UWE.Foundation.Core.Conceptual) 1 *

* <<implicit>>

ConceptualAttribute +derivedFromAttributes NavigationAttribute Attribute
(UWE.Foundation.Core.Conceptual) * * (Foundation.Core)

exampleconstraint:
as OCL of a well-formedness rule:

“Navigation attributes are derived from from conceptual attributes.
context NavigationClass
inv: self.feature->select( oclIsKindOf(NavigationAttribute) ).derivedFromAttributes->
forAll( f | self.derivedFrom.transitiveClosure->exists(feature=f) )


26

UML Profile

systematic rules for mapping a metamodel to a UML profile:
classes → elements with stereotype
attributes → tagged values
inheritance → inheritance among stereotypes
repeated mapping of attributes and
associations
associations → tagged values or associations (for classifiers)
NavigationNode
«navigation node»
isLandmark : Boolean <<navigation class>>
<<navigation
class>>
MyNavigationClass
<<navigation class>>
MyNavigationClass
{isLandmark,
MyNavigationClass
{isLandmark}
derivedFrom=MyCClass}
NavigationClass

abstract syntax notation


Contents

Metamodel for UWE


27

ArgoUWE

designed for the systematic construction of Web applications
provides specific notation for Web applications
allows for separation of concerns: domain, navigation,
presentation and business processes
supports the UWE method performing semi-automatic model
generation
produces XMI output as basis for code generation
supports model validation
extends the NSUML library with the UWE metamodel
implemented as a plugin for ArgoUML


ArgoUWE*

supports notation of
UWE and method of
UWE
ArgoUWE extension
of open source
ArgoUML
model checker
based on OCL
constraints
generates XMI

*www.pst.ifi.lmu.de/
projekte/argouwe


28

Modeling with ArgoUWE: Use Cases
e-shop

Search AddTo
ProductItems ShoppingCart

Select
ProductItems SignIn

ViewCart
Checkout


Modeling with ArgoUWE: Conceptual Model

manual marking of
conceptual classes as
navigation relevant
automatic generation of
navigation classes
different navigation
views for same domain
model


29

Semi-automatic Navigation Model Generation

manual adding of navigation
classes and navigation links automatic generation of
indexes

automatic generation of
manual integration of menus
process features


Consistency Check & Design Critics

ArgoUML cognitive design critics
background thread
warning mechanism for model inconsistencies
wizard for design improvement
uses critics pane for the critiques
displays wizards comments in detail pane

ArgoUWE design critics features
inherits from ArgoUML (e.g. name collision)
is extended by all wellformedness constraints of UWE (e.g.
relationship between use case and process model)


30

Consistency Check & Design Critics


ArgoUWE: Plugin Architecture

ArgoUML
Novosoft UML
library (NSUML)
UWE Diagram
graph editing ArgoUWE plugin
Graph Model
framework (GEF)
FigNode Property
open-source Critic
FigEdge Panel
ArgoUML
Java Plugin
Model Facade & Factories
XML/XMI generator
UML / UWE model


31

Future Steps in the Development of ArgoUWE

improvement of the tool usability
code generation
enhancement with modeling elements to build platform specific
web models
definition of transformations rules from PIMs to PSMs (based on
the MDA principles)
ArgoUWE extension for mobile and personalized web applications
migration to another tool supporting UML 2.0 notation?


Contents

Metamodel for UWE


32

Process Tailoring

process to domain to company to area to project

„Tailoring“ of general processes
to specific development,
such as for the development of web applications


Requirements for a Web Process

short release cycles
development in 3 to 6 months on average
heterogeneous development team
strong competitive market
separation of concerns
change management
continuous update of the content
changes in the hypertext structure
frequent improvement of the user interface
adaptation to new technologies and standards


33


based on Unified Process (UP)
was defined in 1999
requires update with incorporation
of elements of agile process (best
practice)
development is supported by a set
of workflows
based on concepts of role, activity,
artifact, tool, etc.
similar: Conallen's approach
WAE: Web Application Extension
RUP-based


Visual Representation of the Process

Iteration Workflow

Project Risk Iteration Iteration
Management Management Planing Evaluation

Requirements
Capture
Development Analysis
Process & Design
Implemen-
tation

Quality Validation
Management
Verification
Testing


34

UWE: Risk Management

Project Manager

Identify
Risks

Evaluate Analyse
Risks Risk Impact

Risk List Prioritise
Risks

Define Actions
for Risk Strategy

ActionList
for risk strategy


How is the UWE process defined?

by workflows (visual representation)
by guidelines/checklists for the activities
e.g. elicit user navigation needs
What information do users want to see at first glance?
What kind of searches will they perform?
How can the length of navigation paths be optimised?
…
by skill lists for experts (workers) needed for each activity
e.g. multimedia designer
knowledge of tools for creation and manipulation of images, videos, audios, …
experience in design, integration and synchronisation of multimedia elements
creativity skills
…
by description of artifacts
e.g. templates for risk list, iteration plan, use case description,…


35

Contents

Metamodel for UWE


Future Work: UML-based Web Engineering

Topics
complete migration to UML 2.0
emphasis on requirements engineering
tool supported MDA process
extension of tool support: e.g. plug in for eclipse
focus on generation and testing
analysis of the power of aspect-oriented modelling for UWE
Resources
funding of the DFG German Research Office for 2005 -2007
two PhD Thesis
students final work (e.g. extensions to ArgoUWE, eclipse plug-in)


36

Trends in Web Engineering

focus on requirements engineering
model driven vs. agile development
emphasis on tool support
domain specific language (DSL) based on UML

from overhelming diversity of methodologies
towards a „Unified Web Modeling Language“ ?


Vision for Web Application Development
Data- Hypertext- Process- Implementation-
OO-oriented
oriented oriented oriented oriented
1993 HDM

1994 EORM

1995 RMM

1996 HDM-Lite OOHDM

1997 WSDM OO-Method Web Composition

1998 SOHDM RNA HFPM

1999 WAE

2000 WebML W2000 UWE eW3DT

2001
Hera
2002

2003 OOWS OOH NDT

2004 WebSA
UML-Based Web Engineering © Nora Koch ? Sevilla, 21.04.2005, 74

37

References

UWE: http://www.pst.ifi.lmu.de/projekte/uwe
ArgoUWE: http//www.pst.ifi.lmu.de/projekte/argouwe
www.pst.informatik.uni-muenchen.de/~kochn/

OMG UML Specification v. 1.5 - OMG document formal [03-03-01]
OMG UML 2.0 Superstructure RfP - OMG [ad/09-09-02]

Hypermedia & the Web – An Engineering Approach, David Lowe & Wendy Hall John Wiley
& Sohn (1999)

Designing Data-Intensive Web Applications. Stefano Ceri, Piero Fraternali, Aldo Bongio,
Marco Brambilla, Sara Comai, Maristella Matera. Morgan-Kaufmann (2003)

Building Web Applications with UML. Jim Conallen. Addison-Wesley (2003)

Web Engineering: Systematic Development of Web Applications. Gerti Kappel, Birgid Pröll,
Siegfried Reich, Werner Retschitzeger (Eds.) dpunkt-verlag (German Version, 2003), English
version to appear October 2005


Muchas gracias! ☺

Nora Koch
nora.koch (at) pst.ifi.lmu.de
www.pst.informatik.uni-muenchen.de/~kochn

uwe (at) pst.ifi.lmu.de


38

UML-Based Web Engineering

Recomendados

Recomendados

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Mais procurados (20)

Semelhante a UML-Based Web Engineering

Semelhante a UML-Based Web Engineering (20)

Mais de elliando dias

Mais de elliando dias (20)

Último

Último (20)

UML-Based Web Engineering