Zend expressive workshop

Zend Expressive Workshop
By:
Adam Culp
Twitter: @adamculp
https://joind.in/talk/ec545

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About me
– OSS Contributor
– PHP Certified
– Zend Certification Advisory Board
– PHP-Fig voting member (IBM i Toolkit)
– Consultant at Zend Technologies
– Organizer SoFloPHP (South Florida)
– Organizer SunshinePHP (Miami)
– Long distance (ultra) runner
– Photography Enthusiast
– Judo Black Belt Instructor

3
●
About me
– OSS Contributor
– PHP Certified
– Zend Certification Advisory Board
– PHP-Fig voting member (IBM i Toolkit)
– Consultant at Zend Technologies
– Organizer SoFloPHP (South Florida)
– Organizer SunshinePHP (Miami)
– Long distance (ultra) runner
– Photography Enthusiast
– Judo Black Belt Instructor
PHP Ninja!!!

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I Help Build The Web

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Frameworks Suck
– Complicated
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Routing
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Databases
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Connectivity
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Communication (HTTP, API)
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Information Container
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GUI (html, javascript, templates, CSS,)
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Errors and Exceptions
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Validation and Cleansing Data
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State

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Frameworks Web Applications Suck
– Complicated
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Routing
●
Databases
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Connectivity
●
Communication (HTTP, API)
●
Information Container
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GUI (html, javascript, templates, CSS,)
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Errors and Exceptions
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Validation and Cleansing Data
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State

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Buzzword Bingo
– We will mention many buzzwords, but...

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Microservice
– All the buzz is “microservices”.
– ...complex applications are composed of small, independent processes
communicating with each other using language-agnostic APIs. These
services are small building blocks, highly decoupled and focused on doing
a small task, facilitating a modular approach to system-building. –
Wikipedia

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But in PHP...
– How to keep microservices light?
– Microservices shouldn’t be heavy
I’m a
Microservice!!!

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Full Stack Frameworks Suck
– Heavy and bloated
– “Kitchen Sink”
– “You don’t have to use everything, but its there...”

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Need For Speed
– What does a microservice “need”?
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HTTP message layer
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Routing capabilities
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Dependency injection
– Testable
– Swappable pieces
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Templating
– Optional (APIs may not need it, except documentation)

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PHP Ecosystem Facilitators
– PHP 7
– Microframeworks
– Libraries
– Components
– Containers
– Composer

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All The Things!!!
– So many tools:
Monolog
Whoops
Flysystem
IBMiToolkit
OAuth2 Server
https://github.com/ziadoz/awesome-php

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Communication Sucks
– Say what!?!
Monolog
Whoops
Flysystem
IBMiToolkit
OAuth2 Server

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PSR-7 Doesn’t Suck
– Part of PHP-Fig.org recommendations
– HTTP Messages
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Request from client to server
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Response from server to client
– Interfaces
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PsrHttpMessageMessageInterface
– PsrHttpMessageRequestInterface
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PsrHttpMessageServerRequestInterface
– PsrHttpMessageResponseInterface
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PsrHttpMessageStreamInterface
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PsrHttpMessageUploadFileInterface
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PsrHttpMessageUriInterface

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Middleware
– ...Middleware makes it easier for software developers to implement
communication and input/output, so they can focus on the specific
purpose of their application. – Wikipedia
– Lighter applications (only what is needed)
– Composed of layers

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Zend Expressive
– Microframework built around middleware
– Very lean runtime
– Built to consume PSR-7
– Use for building:
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APIs
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Web applications
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Single page sites
– Choose your own stack
– Great documentation
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https://zendframework.github.io/zend-expressive/

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Composer Install Script
– Done “right” from the start

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– Minimal skeleton or full*?
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With or without samples

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– Router options
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Aura.Router
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FastRoute*
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Zend Router

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– Container options: (container interop)
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Aura.Di
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Pimple
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Zend ServiceManager*

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– Template engine options:
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Plates
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Twig
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Zend View
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None*

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– Error handler options:
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Whoops*
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None

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Lab 01 – Install Zend Expressive
– From within the VM install Zend Expressive
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At ‘/home/vagrant/workspace/’ delete the ‘expressive’ folder
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Composer is globally installed in the VM, enabling easy project
creation. (stick to the defaults)
$ composer create-project zendframework/zend-expressive-
skeleton expressive
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Verify that Zend Expressive Skeleton was properly installed.
http://localhost then click on the Expressive link.→

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Skeleton Application

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Structure
– Folder structure of Zend Expressive Skeleton

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Not MVC
– Files and structure focused on Actions

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Middleware Addition Approaches
– Currently uses a config-driven approach to creating/using middleware
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Middleware added to services through configuration
– With version 1.1 of Zend Expressive the “recommended” will be
programmatic/explicit approach versus config-driven.
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Middleware information driven by pipes
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More on this later
– In this workshop the config-driven approach is used in examples

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The Flow

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Initial File
– Front controller
(/public/index.php)

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Container Creation
– We specified Zend ServiceManager
(/config/container.php)

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Load Configs
(/config/config.php)

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Load Dependencies
– Items to be called as middleware in routes.
(/config/autoload/routes.global.php)

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Load Routes
– Matches path to middleware (Dependencies shown earlier)
(/config/autoload/routes.global.php cont’d)

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Ping Action Anatomy
– Creates raw JSON response
(/src/App/Action/PingAction.php)

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JSON Response
– Created by action

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Lab 02 – REST Test using HTTPie
– Within the VM
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We will use HTTPie from the command line instead of raw cURL to
make requests.
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Make a request to the existing ping action we analyzed:
$ http http://expressive/api/ping
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If doing this from the host browser the URL would be different:
$ http http://expressive:8081/api/ping
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Observe the response:
– Note the Header information
– Note the json response object

39
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Lab 02 – REST Test using HTTPie (cont’d)
– Within the VM
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Observe the response:
– Note the Header information
– Note the json response object

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Let’s Create a Middleware!!!

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Header Middleware
– Create class for new middleware (or include someone else’s)

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Header Middleware
– The class to include the very important header
(/src/App/Middleware/TheClacksMiddleware.php)

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Header Middleware
– Add the middleware to the container
– Set it to always be included
(/config/autoload/middleware-pipeline.global.php)

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Header Middleware
– Header for every call now carries our important message

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Lab 03 – Create a Middleware
– Create middleware to add content into ALL response headers
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Add an appropriately named middleware class. (Example:
TheClacksMiddleware)
– Define the namespace (Example: ‘AppMiddleware’)
– Use PsrHttpMessageResponseInterface and
ServerRequestInterface.
– Return the response withHeader.
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Add the new middleware into our middleware services. Remember we
want it to ALL responses.
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Verify
NOTE: Refer to the expressive-final application if you need hints

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Let’s Create a Database Connected Middleware!!!
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With Zend Db

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Database Connected Example With Zend Db
– First we need a database connection.
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Will use Zend-Db for this example, but could be anything.
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Composer to the rescue!

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– Specify adapter (provided by Zend/Db/ConfigProvider() in this case)
(/config/autoload/db.global.php)

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– Provide local/instance configuration
● This would be driver and credentials
● (credentials not needed with sqlite)
(/config/autoload/db.local.php)

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– Create the action (view 1 of 2 - constructor)
(/src/App/Action/UserListAction.php)

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– Create the action (view 2 of 2 - __invoke method)
(/src/App/Action/UserListAction.php cont’d)

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– Create a factory to pass items needed by the action
(/src/App/Action/UserListFactory.php)

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– Add the new action to dependencies

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– Add the new route to dependencies
(/config/autoload/routes.global.php cont’d)

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– Create the view template
(/templates/app/user-list.phtml)

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– Rejoice!

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Lab 04 – Database Connected Middleware
– Create a User middleware allowing management of user records in a
database using Zend Db
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Using Composer require dependency ‘zendframework/zend-db:2.8.*’
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Create an autoload global config file to provide
Zend/Db/ConfigProvider
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Create an autoload local config to provide a db container supplying
the location to the users.db Sqlite database in the /data directory
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Add an appropriately named middleware class (Example:
UserListAction)
– Define the namespace (Example: ‘AppAction’)
– Use PsrHttpMessageResponseInterface, ServerRequestInterface,
ZendDiactorosResponseHtmlResponse,
ZendExpressiveTemplate, and ZendDbAdapterAdapter.
– Define $template and $adapter fields for those objects

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Lab 04 – Database Connected Middleware (Cont’d)
– Create a User middleware (Cont’d
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Add a middleware class (Cont’d)
– Add a constructor to receive/set $template and $adapter
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Typehint $template with TemplateTemplateRendererInterface
– Add an invoke method leveraging ServerRequestInterface,
ResponseInterface, and $next as callable.
– Using the Zend Db adapter create the query for Sqlite.
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For Sqlite this involves defining a statement, then executing
– Return the HtmlResponse rendering the view template.
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Add a factory class to prepare the items needed by the Action just
created
– Use InteropContainerContainerInterface,
ZendExpressiveTemplateTemplateRendererInterface, and
ZendDbAdapterAdapterInterface.

59
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Add a factory class (Cont’d)
– In the invoke() method typehint the $container argument using
ContainerInterface.
– Gain the $template if the $container has the
TemplateRenderInterface.
– Gain the DB $adapter also from the $container using
AdapterInterface.
– Return an instantiation of the Action class created earlier by
passing the $template and $adapter.
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Add the factory to the dependencies in the global routes.
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Add a route to access the new middleware
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Create a view template to display the user results.

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Let’s Create Moar Middleware!!!

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Lab 05 – Create Moar Middleware
– Create a uuid middleware to add content into all response headers
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Using Composer add a dependency ‘ramsey/uuid’
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UuidMiddleware)
and RamseyUuidUuid (and maybe
RamseyUuidExceptionUnsatisfiedDependencyException).
– Return a uuid in the response withHeader.
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Verify

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Lab 05 – Create Moar Middleware (cont’d)
– Continuing… Create middleware to add response time to ALL response
headers
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RequestTimeMiddleware)
– Use PsrHttpMessageResponseInterface and
ServerRequestInterface.
– Create code returning the time the request took
– Return the response withHeader.
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Verify
NOTE: Refer to the expressive-final application if you need hints

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Let’s Create a Database Connected Middleware!!!
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With Doctrine!!!

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Database Connected Example With Doctrine
– First we need a database connection.
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Will use Doctrine DBAL for this example, but could be anything.
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Composer to the rescue!

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– Provide local/instance configuration
● This would be driver and credentials
● (credentials not needed with sqlite)
(/config/autoload/dbal.local.php)

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– Create the action (view 1 of 2 - constructor)
(/src/App/Action/UserDbalListAction.php)

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– Create the action (view 2 of 2 - __invoke method)
(/src/App/Action/UserDbalListAction.php cont’d)

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– Create a factory to pass items needed by the action
(/src/App/Action/UserDbalListFactory.php)

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– Add the new action to dependencies, as shown below for the previous
action, but with the new namespace for this example

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– Add the new route to dependencies

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– Create the view template
(/templates/app/user-dbal-list.phtml)

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– Rejoice!

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Lab 06 – Database Connected Middleware
– Create a User middleware allowing management of user records in a
database using Doctrine Dbal
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Using Composer require dependency ‘doctrinedbal:2.5.*’
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Create an autoload local config to provide a doctrine-connection
container supplying the location to the users.db sqlite database in
the /data directory
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Add an appropriately named middleware class (Example:
UserDbalListAction)
ZendDiactorosResponseHtmlResponse, and
ZendExpressiveTemplate.
– Define $template and $connection fields for those objects

74
●
●
Add a middleware class (Cont’d)
– Add a constructor to receive/set $template and $connection
●
Typehint $template with TemplateTemplateRendererInterface
– Add an invoke method leveraging ServerRequestInterface,
ResponseInterface, and $next as callable.
– Using the Doctrine $connection create the query for Sqlite.
– Return the HtmlResponse rendering the view template.
●
Add a factory class to prepare the items needed by the Action just
created
– Use InteropContainerContainerInterface,
ZendExpressiveTemplateTemplateRendererInterface, and
DoctrineDBALDriverManager.

75
●
●
Add a factory class (Cont’d)
– In the invoke() method typehint the $container argument using
ContainerInterface.
– Gain the $template if the $container has the
TemplateRenderInterface.
– Define the DB $credentials also from the $container and kick off
Doctrine to return the $connection to users for the view to use.
– Return an instantiation of the Action class created earlier by
passing the $template and $connection.
●
Add the factory to the dependencies in the global routes.
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Add a route to access the new middleware
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Create a view template to display the user results.

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Let’s Use Programmatic!!!

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Zend Expressive Skeleton Programmatic
– Version 1.1 of Zend Expressive “recommended” approach to adding more
middleware will be with a programmatic/explicit approach.
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In Github the repo for expressive-final has an additional branch
(name: programmatic) created by Matthew Weier O’Phinney, from the
Zend Expressive team, showing the programmatic approach to
everything in this workshop.
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https://github.com/adamculp/expressive-workshop

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Resources
– Zend Expressive Site - http://zendframework.github.io/zend-expressive/
– MasterZendFramework - http://www.masterzendframework.com
– Oscar Otero’s list https://github.com/oscarotero/psr7-middlewares
– This github repo https://github.com/adamculp/expressive-workshop
– Slides - http://www.slideshare.net/adamculp/zend-expressive-workshop
– Code used for the workshop - https://github.com/adamculp/expressive-
workshop
– More to come!

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With Zend Expressive:
– Easy to build middleware
– Lightweight, add what is really needed
– Fast – no extra load
– Microservices in PHP are better

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Give Zend Expressive a Try...Today!!!
– https://zendframework.github.io/zend-expressive/

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Thank you!
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Code at: https://github.com/adamculp/expressive-blastoff
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Please rate at: https://joind.in/talk/ec545
Adam Culp
http://www.rungeekradio.com
http://www.geekyboy.com
Twitter @adamculp

Zend expressive workshop

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