1. Development Strategies for Dalits. Presentation by: Achal Gupta(903) Siddhartha Banerjee(962) Sonali Swain(966) Vandana(970)
2. Who are Dalits? Term ‘Dalit’ comes from ‘dal’ means ‘broken, ground-down, oppressed or downtrodden “Some persons are forced to carry on the prescribed callings which are not their choice.” -B. R. Ambedkar
3. Forms of exclusion dalits face: Economic inequality Civic and cultural inequality Political Physical segregation and social exclusion
4. According to the Census report 2001 Dalit population in UP is about 3.51 crores that is highest in India. 50% Dalits in UP are below poverty line. Increase in the literacy rate among SCs from 21.4% in 1981 to 37.4% in 1991. Untouchability can still be seen at the Midday meals in primary schools, Anganwari Centres, and government hospitals.
5. Development strategies Recent in news Initiatives taken by Dr. Ambedkar Simon Commission (1928) First Round Table Conference (1930) Lothian Committee(1932)
6. Reservation policy Article 14 - Equality before law Article 15 – no discrimination Article 17- Untouchability punishable Article 25 – profess any religion Article 330 and 334reservation in LokSabha and VidhanSabha Article 46 – Promotion of SCs and STs programs 73rd Amendment Act 1992 - reservation in panchayat
7. 5 year plans 1st – facilitated education allotment of wastelands reservation in government services. 2nd -Continuation of 1st plan 3rd - stressed on technical and vocational training. 4th -emphasised on education 6th-Issue of funds 7th - lays beneficiary-oriented programmes. 8th –specified needs of these communities.
8. Other Schemes Integrated Rural Development Programme National Rural Employment Programme JawaharRojgarYojna Dr.Ambedkar Foundation
9. Economic Strategies Mostly work as landless laborers and do menial jobs like cleaning sewers and garbage disposal. Need to modernize their traditional skills They have successfully integrated into urban Indian society, where caste origins are less obvious and less important in public life They work as daily paid laborers or do small part time jobs
10. Education The major strategy is to improve the level of education of Dalits Various measures as enrolment, scholarships, fellowships, focus on vocational education and training, recruitment of Dalits teachers in every school, removal of discriminatory languages against Dalits in textbooks, and emphasis of Dalit women in health related education.
11. Political and Social Awareness Political consciousness and participation in politics by Dalits has traditionally been low No special programs for the rural poor, such as land reform, poverty alleviation and employment were framed by successive Dalit governments in a few states Middle class Dalitsneed to raise issues related to identity The existing caste-based discrimination must be gradually eliminated by enforcing and implementing legal provisions and encouraging live-together model between Dalits and non-Dalits groups.
12. Reasons for failure Politics: Large no. of parties Vote bank Small factions BSP is one party Leadership: No very influential leader who could bring whole dalit community under one roof. Focus and prioritization of goals Discrimination Education Reservation
Economic inequality-in markets and non-market transactions and exchange.eg.In labour market they are denied of jobs in capital market they are denied to capital in land market they face denial of right to sell/purchase/lease land.Civic and cultural inequality- they are excluded from use of public services.Political exclusion-untouchables face discrimination in the exercise of political rights and decision making process.Physical segregation and social exclusion-they suffer societal exclusion.
