1. 1
Designing
Learning and Teaching in Higher
Education/ LTHE Module PGCAP
Chrissi Nerantzi
@chrissinerantzi
@pgcap

2. 2
Intended learning outcomes
By the end of the session, students attending and engaging
in the session will have had the opportunity to:
• discuss and critically evaluate own design process and
approaches used
• explore innovative student-centred methods and active
learning approaches when planning
lectures, seminars, workshops and tutorials to maximise
engagement
• develop a better understanding of technology-enhanced
curriculum design processes and explore applications in
own context

3. 3
Decide
• What are the 3 most important ingredients you need to
take into account when planning a session/programme?

4. 4
planning a session: collaborative
mindmap
• http://www.text2mindmap.com/ (or
• http: www.imindmap.com)

5. 5
Planning a session
• Your learners
• Group size
• Title
• Time/duration
• Day/date, location
• Aims and Learning Outcomes
• Structure and Content
• Methods/Activities
• Aids and Resources
• Assessment
• Differentiation
• Reflection/Evaluation
• “If you fail to plan, you plan to fail!”

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Intended Learning Outcomes
• “Descriptors of the ways that students will be
expected to demonstrate the results of their
learning.” Race (2000:10)

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A well-written learning outcome
statement should:
• Contain an active verb , an object and a qualifying clause
or phrase that provides a context or condition
• Be written in the future tense
• Identify important learning requirements:
knowledge, understanding, skills, attitudes at each appropriate level
• Be achievable and measurable
• Use clear language, understandable by students
• Relate to explicit statements of achievement

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Learning outcomes, minimum
requirements
• Helps to balance a module‟s delivery
nice
could
Independent learning,
going beyond, SUSAN?
should
Must be delivered, essential
ROBERT?
Butcher et al (2006) Designing Learning. From Module outline to effective teaching, Oxon: Routledge. p. 59

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The Cognitive Domain and Bloom’s Taxonomy
evaluation
creating
synthesis
evaluating
analysis
analysing
application
applying
comprehension
understanding
knowledge
remembering
Bloom’s Taxonomoy (1956)
Anderson and Krathwohl Revision (2001)
Educational Psychology Interactive: The Cognitive Domain

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Bloom’s Taxonomy and verb list
arrange, define, duplicate, label, list, memorize, name, order,
Knowledge recognize, relate, recall, repeat, reproduce state
classify, describe, discuss, explain, express, identify, indicate,
Comprehension locate, recognize, report, restate, review, select, translate
apply, choose, demonstrate, dramatize, employ, illustrate,
Application interpret, operate, practice, schedule, sketch, solve, use, write
analyze, appraise, calculate, categorize, compare, contrast,
Analysis criticize, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, examine,
experiment, question, test
arrange, assemble, collect, compose, construct, create, design,
Synthesis develop, formulate, manage, organize, plan, prepare, propose,
set up, write
appraise, argue, assess, attach, choose compare, defend,
Evaluation estimate, judge, predict, rate, core, select, support, value,
evaluate

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use words like
avoid/use
State...
Describe...
Explain...
avoid words like List...
Know... Evaluate...
Understand... Identify...
Really know... Distinguish between...
Really understand... Analyse...
Be familiar with... Outline...
Become acquainted with... Summarize...
Have a good grasp of... Represent graphically...
Appreciate... Compare...
Be interested in... Apply...
Acquire a feeling for... Assess...
Be aware of... Give examples of...
Believe... Suggest reasons why...
Have information about...
Realize the significance of...
Learn the basics of...
Obtain working knowledge of...

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Constructive alignment (Prof. John
Biggs, 1999)
outcomes
outcomes
outcomes
designed to meet learning
designed to meet learning
designed to meet learning
Learning Intended Assessment
and Learning Method
Teaching Outcomes
activities
•Students construct meaning from what they do to learn.
•The teacher aligns the planned learning activities with the learning outcomes.

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Assessment
• Research shows that inclusive assessment
achieves higher levels of student
satisfaction, provides increased opportunities
for discussion and leads to improvements in
student marks and grades.
• Inclusive Assessments are built into course
design and meet the assessment needs of the
majority of students. Inclusive assessments are
assessment
concerned with equality of opportunity. It is an for learning
approach that recognises that students have
different learning styles and offers a range of
assessment methods necessary to assess the
different ways in which students can
demonstrate the achievement of the learning assessment
outcomes. of learning

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Would you like a break?
• Back in 10min please

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Task: Designing a session for learning
Module: Introduction to English cookery (1st year
undergraduates, 100 students, 10 weeks, kitchen,
lecture theatre, seminar rooms, VLE)
session: English Breakfast
• Learners
• Intended learning outcomes
• Learning environment Designing for
• Learning activity learning
• Approach taken http://www.elearning.ac.
• Inclusion uk/effprac/html/design_
• Assessment model.htm
• Available technology
Activity based on JISC resource available at http://www.elearning.ac.uk/effprac/html/planner.htm

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Curriculum design
• The bigger picture
• Linking modules, How do we do this?

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Curriculum design: what is it?
“A curriculum is an artefact, constructed within a
frame. It has form and structure. It has dimensions
of time and space. It is experienced. The framing is
important … what to place inside the frame and
what to exclude. The critical decision then
concerns how the contents within the frame are
composed in relation to each other in order to
create an integral and harmonious entity.”
(Paul Kleiman, 2002. P.3)
What is missing?

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Curriculum design models
modular approach, which one are you?
• Lego (scaffold modules)
• Satellite (free standing modules)
• Jigsaw (connected modules)
fitting it all together, approaches
pyramid
spiral

21. • If content is everywhere and we have access to it
anytime, what should we be doing with your
students, planning for what?

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Threshold Concepts? (Meyer & Land, 2003)
• Certain concepts are held to be central to the mastery of a subject
• They have the following features:
▫ Transformative: Once understood, a threshold concept changes the way in which
the student views the discipline.
▫ Troublesome: Threshold concepts are likely to be troublesome for the student. e.g
when it is counter−intuitive.
▫ Irreversible: They are difficult to unlearn.
▫ Integrative: Threshold concepts, once learned, are likely to bring together
different aspects of the subject that previously did not appear, to the student, to be
related.
▫ Bounded: A threshold concept will probably delineate a particular conceptual
space, serving a specific and limited purpose.
▫ Discursive: Crossing of a threshold will incorporate an enhanced and extended
use of language.

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Discussion
• Discuss within your groups.
• What should be included in the module guide/
programme outline?
• Check the module guides/programme outlines you
brought with you. Compare!
• Present findings

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Procedures
• CHECK link: Quality Assurance – Academic Handbook
http://www.governance.salford.ac.uk/page/aqa_handbook
• consistent, rigorous, transparent and reliable systems of
assessment;
• equality of opportunity ... to demonstrate ability and
achievement;
• the provision of reliable information and guidance.
• Annual programme monitoring & enhancement
• Periodic programme review & re-approval
• CHECK link: New Academic Regulations for Taught
Programmes 2012/13
http://www.governance.salford.ac.uk/page/ARTP_2010-11

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National bodies
• Quality Assurance Agency (QAA)
▫ Frameworks for HE qualifications (FHEQ)-
describe the achievement represented by higher
education qualifications.
▫ Subject Benchmark statements for U/G
▫ Master's Degree Characteristics

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References
• Biggs, J. (1999) Teaching for Quality Learning at University SRHE/OUP
• Bloom, B.S. et al, Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: Cognitive Domain New York: McKay
• Bourner, T & Flowers, S (1998) Teaching and Learning Methods in Higher Education: A Glimpse of the Future. Reflections on HE, pp.
77-102.
• Butcher, Davies & Highton (2006) Designing Learning: From Module Outline to Effective Teaching, Abingdon: Routledge
• Hussey, T. and Smith, P. (2002) The Trouble with Learning Outcomes, Active Learning 3 (3) 220-233
• Hussey, T. and Smith, P. (2003) The Uses of Learning Outcomes, Teaching in Higher Education 8 (3) 357-368
• Hussey, T. and Smith, P. (2008) Learning Outcomes: a conceptual analysis, Teaching in Higher Education 13 (1) 107-115
• Knight, P. (2002) Being a Teacher in Higher Education Buckingham: SRHE/OUP
• Knight, P. (2001) „Complexity and curriculum: a process approach to curriculum making‟ in Teaching in HE Vol 6 No 3 pp369-381.
• Laurillard, D. (2002) Rethinking University Teaching: A Framework for the Effective Use of Educational Technology London:
Routledge
• Light, G. and Cox, R. (2001) Learning and Teaching in Higher Education London: PCP publishing
• Nixon, J. (2001) Not without dust and heat: the moral bases of the new academic professionalism, British Journal of Educational
Studies, 49, 2. 173-186.
• Meyer, J.H.F. and Land, R. (2003) Threshold concepts and troublesome knowledge: linkages to ways of thinking and practising, In:
Rust, C. (ed.), Improving Student Learning - Theory and Practice Ten Years On. Oxford: Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning
Development (OCSLD), pp 412-424.
• Ramsden, P. (1992) Learning to Teach in Higher Education London: Routledge.
• Schon D. A. (1983) The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action New York: Basic Books.
• Shulman, L.S. (1987) „Knowledge and teaching: foundations of the new reform‟ in Harvard Educational Review February 57 (1) pp.1-22.
• Steeples, C, Jones, CR & Goodyear, P (2002) Beyond e-learning: a future for networked learning. In C Steeples and CR Jones (Eds)
Networked learning : principles and perspectives. London: Springer
• Trigwell, K. (2001) Professionalism in the practice of teaching: the role of research ILT Conference - Keynote address University of York
• Trigwell, K., Prosser, M., and Taylor, P. (1994) Qualitative differences in approaches to teaching first year university science, Higher
Education 27,
• pp75-84.
• Universities UK (2004) Towards a Framework of Professional Teaching Standards: Consultation Document.
• http://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/consultations/UniversitiesUK/

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Resources:
• Guide for Busy Academics: Using Learning
Outcomes to Design a Course and Assess
Learning
http://www.itslifejimbutnotasweknowit.org.uk/fil
es/CPLHE/Learnng%20outcomes%20for%20bu
sy%20academics.rtf

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looking back and next week
Today
• What did we do? What are you taking away?
Next week
• Using and experimenting through playing a
mixed-reality game

29. The “Sell your bargains” game
• Stage 1: Select – threshold concept (authentic problem (individual task)
• Stage 2: Invest – creative intervention (collaborative task) – and the winners
are…
• Stage 3: reflect on the game and your idea and how it could be implemented
in practice (individual task)

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Designing
Learning and Teaching in Higher
Education/ LTHE Module PGCAP
Chrissi Nerantzi
@chrissinerantzi
@pgcap

31. 33
Trigger 1: Is it fair?
“Like the content in the last sentences of the first
chapter of Teaching for Quality Learning at
University (Biggs and Tang) “Is it fair to Susan to
divert resources from her in order to deal with
Robert”. This was a question that was whirling in
my head during the last few pages of the chapter
and one I often ask myself in my own practice. ”
source: http://despard.wordpress.com/2012/02/08/65/

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Trigger 2: What is best?
“A teacher with limited time must decide how best
to support each student. The left has traditionally
argued „to each according to their need‟ and that a
teacher should devote most time to supporting
those who need it most. In contrast, the right has
often argued for equality of distribution of
resources, disregarding the inequality in existing
resources and thus reinforcing it.”

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Trigger 3: I have to say...
“Ihave to say attendance has
been quite poor recently, but the
level of the students is quite
good.”