1. Automated Location Tracking Using Bluetooth Submitted by UdayAnanth AkhilaAthresh AbhijeetYatgiri

2. Abstract Location Tracking is crucial in providing visibility of mobile nodes. Better Control, higher productivity Traditional Tracking – Global Positioning System(GPS) Alternate Tracking for smaller geography -Bluetooth

3. Objective To track human location in signal sensitive area using Bluetooth. Constantly monitor the location Provide consistent information regarding user whereabouts. Support duplex communication between mobile nodes and server

4. System Requirements

5. Hardware Requirements(per node basis) Intel Core2Duo e8200 (2.66 GHz) (Lower end processors can be used as well) 2GB RAM DDR2 (A minimum of 512 MB required) Intel dp35dp Chipset LAN (Ethernet) Card Silicon Cambridge Bluetooth Radio (Dongle) Bluetooth Enabled Cellular Phones.

6. Software Requirements Operating System: Fedora 12 Development Platform: NetBeans IDE 6.8 Libraries Used Java SE 6 v18 Bluecove GPL 2.1 (JSR -82)

7. Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) Jakarta Commons Net Backend: MYSQL Server Network Communication: vsftpd

8. DESIGN

9. Client Server Design

10. University Campus SERVER ROOM 192.168.1.1 LAB 1 192.168.1.2 LIBRARY 192.168.1.3 LAB 2 192.168.1.4 A4:67:B5:89:00:F5 (Registered User A ) OFFICE 192.168.1.5 LAB 3 192.168.1.6 B6:88:C8:34:07:66 (Registered User B)

11. Client Functionality Sweep a small geographical subarea Detect mobile devices within this sub area and send their MAC addresses to server via FTP Receive data from server Push the data to the mobile device

12. Server Functionality Register Bluetooth enabled phones Create, Maintain Databases Receive MAC addresses of mobile nodes from Client nodes. Determine which user is in which area using the above information Send and receive data to mobile nodes via intermediate client nodes

13. Software Design

14. Bluetooth

15. Bluetooth Open Specification, Wireless Standard Short range radio technology(2.4 Ghz) for ad hoc communication of voice and data transfer Creation of PANs Range: 10 m for low end, 100 m high end Bluetooth devices

16. Bluetooth Stack

17. Radio layer : lowest layer, controls transceiver's requirements and signals Baseband : physical RF links b/w devices, channel processing, timing, channel access control. Link Manager: Link control, Baseband packet size, Authentication.

18. HCI : command interface for the below layers, can access hardware status, control registers L2CAP : abstracts uppers layers from the lower layers SDP : Protocol for querying, searching services

19. RFCOMM : Serial port emulator OBEX : Similar to HTTP but used in low end devices. Pushing data to mobile nodes.

20. Device Discovery A Bluetooth device dynamically detects other Bluetooth devices in it’s vicinity –Device Discovery (Inquiry) It should also be able to detect services that are running on these detected devices –Service Discovery Devices can be set to ‘general’ mode , ‘non- discoverable’ mode or ‘limited’ mode. When issued an inquiry only discoverable devices respond back to the initiator with a 6 byte address

21. Service Discovery

22. A Bluetooth Server is one that’s running JABWT application and can provide services to Client via Bluetooth The Bluetooth Stack provides Services Discovery Database (SDDB) : Contains all the services provided by server and accessible by client via Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) query

23. List of all the services provided are stored as Services Records and are indexed using unique identifiers. Server has to register all the services it can provide.

24. JAVA

25. Java provides a standardized and portable interface. Maintains a clean memory with automatic garbage collection. Capable of providing a simplistic User Interface. Scalable by including external upgrades and packages.

26. FRONT END Java Swings has been used to design the User Interface(UI) for this application Swing is a set of classes that provides more powerful and flexible components than those provided by traditional AWT . Several additional components like tabbed panes, trees ,tables etc are provided in Swings.

29. JSR 82 Provides an interface to the Bluetooth host controller. Interfaces the Bluetooth Stack and Application Program. Supports the use of custom built stacks following the JSR-82 specifications

30. BACK END

31. DATABASES aname broadcastfile attlist nodes uploadfile reglist temp sendfile tlist

32. J2EE Provides access to Database Backend of the Application. Provides Connectors to link up with specific vendors. Simplifies connectivity by using a Type 4 Connector. Provides a substantial Stack Trace to diagnose errors.

33. CODE MODULES

34. THE SERVER

35. Server.java Updates.java SearchUser.java Clearfiles.java PassMessage.java ServerStartup.java OpenMessage.java InitialDB.java RegUser.java RemoteDeviceDetails.java RegisterUser.java ServicesSearch.java ServicesSearch.java RemoteDeviceDetails.java UpdateDB.java UpdateMessages.java newClient.java BroadcastMessages.java

36. THE CLIENT

37. Client.java PushServer.java Updates.java SearchUser.java ObexPutServer.java CheckDown.java RemoteDeviceDiscovery.java Broadcastfile.java ObexBroadcast.java PushFile.java ObexTrial.java

38. Future Aspects

39. Provide an option of Scalability with high powered Bluetooth Radios. Integration of Real time and IP Traffic. Triangulation facilities through an isometric layout of the network. Integration with security and automation services.

40. Limitations

41. The range of low powered Bluetooth radios are limited to 10 meters. Overlapping of Radio coverage can lead to ambiguity. Latency and overhead involved using Bluetooth is higher than traditional networks. Tight coupling of the Bluetooth protocol stack with the governing application prevents optimization.

42. Foot Notes

43. Simplistic location monitoring system. Automated discovery of devices. Royalty free radio band. Integrated messaging system.

44. Bluetooth SIG, Bluetooth Qualification Program Jim Keogh, J2EE – The Complete Reference Herbert Schildt, Java 2 - The Complete Reference Kumar, C B., P. J. Kline and T. J. Thompson. Bluetooth Application Programming with the Java APIs References