1. A Brief History of English
Language
BY: ABUOVA MADINA & AZIMOVA KUNDYZ
2. Plan:
History of English Language
- Traditional periodisation of English Language
History
- English Language Family
Extralinguistic reasons replenishment of the English
language
Linguistic reasons of change of value of word
3. Traditional Periodisation of English
Languages History
The name of the period Time (Chronology)
1.Old English (OE): 1.1 5th c.– 7th c.
1.1 Early OE 1.2 7th c.– 11th c.
1.2 Anglo-Saxon
2. Middle English (ME): 2.1 11th c.– 14th c.
2.1 Early ME 2.2 14th c. – 15th c.
2.2 Classical ME
3. New English (NE): 3.1 15th c. - mid.17th c.
3.1 Early NE 3.2 mid.17th c. - 18th c.
3.2 The age of normalization and correctness 3.3 the end of the 18th c.- till nowadays
3.3 Late NE ( Modern English)
4. Where does English come from?
History of the English language really started with
the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded
Britain during the 5th century AD.
The Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, crossed the
North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern
Germany.
At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic
language; most of the Celtic speakers were pushed
west and north by the invaders—mainly into what is
now Wales, Scotland and Ireland.
The Angles came from Englaland and their language
was called Englisc—from which the words England
and English are derived.
5. English is a member of the Germanic
language family
7. Overview of English Influences
Pre-History-1066 A.D.
Celts (Britons and Gaels) up to 55 B.C.
Roman Conquest 55 B.C. - 407 A.D.
Anglo-Saxon Period 407 A.D. - 787 A.D.
Viking Invasions 787 A.D. - 1066 A.D.
Norman Conquest begins in 1066 A.D.
8. The Celts/Pre-Roman
The island we know as England was
invaded by two groups of people: 1. Celts
known as Bythons and 2. Gaels.
The Celts were Pagans and their religion
was known as “animism” a Latin word for
“spirit.”
Druids were their priests and when clans
had disputes, they intervened to settle
them.
11. Important Events in the (First) Anglo-Saxon
Period
410-450 Angles and Saxons invade from Baltic
shores of Germany, and Jutes invade from Jutland
peninsula in Denmark, thus driving out the Celts.
Nine Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms eventually become
the Anglo-Saxon heptarchy or “Seven Sovereign
Kingdoms”.
King Alfred “the Great” managed peace against the
Danes for about a generation, until William of
Normandy defeated them in 1066.
12. Viking Invasion
The Vikings were sea-faring, explorers, traders and
warriors, Scandinavians during the 8th-11th
centuries.
Expeditions that plundered and ended in conquest
and settlements of Britain.
King Alfred “the Great” in 871 was able to use the
language to appeal the English and his efforts
saved the language.
13. Extralinguistic reasons replenishment of the
English language
The complexity of the word, which is
mandatory, but flexible relationship of its
components - denotation, concept and form
- making it possible to relate one item with
multiple denotations. Rethink the essence
of the word is that the name of one
denotation applies to the other, if their
concepts are somewhat similar. The word
continues to exist in its original form.
14. Linguistic reasons of change of value of word
linguistic reason of change of value
of word Ellipsis, that is, is
considered. reduction of word-
combination there is the so-called
semantic condensation at that - a
remaining word is absorbed in itself
by sense of all combination.
15. Conclusion
English continues to change and
develop, with hundreds of new words
arriving every year. But even with all the
borrowings from many other languages the
heart of the English language remains the
Anglo-Saxon of Old English. The grammar
of English is also distinctly Germanic -
three genders (he, she and it) and a simple
set of verb tenses.