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A Brief History of English
        Language

BY: ABUOVA MADINA & AZIMOVA KUNDYZ
Plan:

 History of English Language
        - Traditional periodisation of English Language
  History
        - English Language Family
 Extralinguistic reasons replenishment of the English
  language
 Linguistic reasons of change of value of word
Traditional Periodisation of English
                 Languages History
                      The name of the period                    Time (Chronology)


1.Old English (OE):                                      1.1 5th c.– 7th c.
           1.1 Early OE                                  1.2 7th c.– 11th c.
           1.2 Anglo-Saxon


2. Middle English (ME):                                  2.1 11th c.– 14th c.
           2.1 Early ME                                  2.2 14th c. – 15th c.
           2.2 Classical ME


3. New English (NE):                                     3.1 15th c. - mid.17th c.
          3.1 Early NE                                   3.2 mid.17th c. - 18th c.
          3.2 The age of normalization and correctness   3.3 the end of the 18th c.-   till nowadays
          3.3 Late NE ( Modern English)
Where does English come from?

 History of the English language really started with
  the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded
  Britain during the 5th century AD.

 The Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, crossed the
  North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern
  Germany.

 At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic
  language; most of the Celtic speakers were pushed
  west and north by the invaders—mainly into what is
  now Wales, Scotland and Ireland.

 The Angles came from Englaland and their language
  was called Englisc—from which the words England
  and English are derived.
English is a member of the Germanic
           language family
Indo-European Language Families
Overview of English Influences
          Pre-History-1066 A.D.


Celts (Britons and Gaels)        up to 55 B.C.
Roman Conquest           55 B.C. - 407 A.D.
Anglo-Saxon Period        407 A.D. - 787 A.D.
Viking Invasions      787 A.D. - 1066 A.D.
Norman Conquest begins in         1066 A.D.
The Celts/Pre-Roman

The island we know as England was
invaded by two groups of people: 1. Celts
known as Bythons and 2. Gaels.
The Celts were Pagans and their religion
was known as “animism” a Latin word for
“spirit.”
Druids were their priests and when clans
had disputes, they intervened to settle
them.
Roman Occupation




                   Hadrian’s Wall
The Anglo-Saxon Period
     410-787 A.D.
Important Events in the (First) Anglo-Saxon
                  Period

   410-450 Angles and Saxons invade from Baltic
   shores of Germany, and Jutes invade from Jutland
   peninsula in Denmark, thus driving out the Celts.
   Nine Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms eventually become
   the Anglo-Saxon heptarchy or “Seven Sovereign
   Kingdoms”.
   King Alfred “the Great” managed peace against the
   Danes for about a generation, until William of
   Normandy defeated them in 1066.
Viking Invasion

The Vikings were sea-faring, explorers, traders and
warriors, Scandinavians during the 8th-11th
centuries.
Expeditions that plundered and ended in conquest
and settlements of Britain.
King Alfred “the Great” in 871 was able to use the
language to appeal the English and his efforts
saved the language.
Extralinguistic reasons replenishment of the
              English language


    The complexity of the word, which is
  mandatory, but flexible relationship of its
components - denotation, concept and form
 - making it possible to relate one item with
 multiple denotations. Rethink the essence
     of the word is that the name of one
   denotation applies to the other, if their
 concepts are somewhat similar. The word
    continues to exist in its original form.
Linguistic reasons of change of value of word


       linguistic reason of change of value
             of word Ellipsis, that is, is
          considered. reduction of word-
         combination there is the so-called
         semantic condensation at that - a
       remaining word is absorbed in itself
           by sense of all combination.
Conclusion


      English continues to change and
   develop, with hundreds of new words
 arriving every year. But even with all the
borrowings from many other languages the
 heart of the English language remains the
Anglo-Saxon of Old English. The grammar
  of English is also distinctly Germanic -
three genders (he, she and it) and a simple
              set of verb tenses.
Literature:


1. http://www.englishclub.com/english-language-
   history.htm
2. http://www.studyenglishtoday.net/english-language-
   history.html
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_English_l
   anguage
4. http://www.anglik.net/englishlanguagehistory.htm
5. Rastorgueva

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History of-english-part-ib

  • 1. A Brief History of English Language BY: ABUOVA MADINA & AZIMOVA KUNDYZ
  • 2. Plan:  History of English Language - Traditional periodisation of English Language History - English Language Family  Extralinguistic reasons replenishment of the English language  Linguistic reasons of change of value of word
  • 3. Traditional Periodisation of English Languages History The name of the period Time (Chronology) 1.Old English (OE): 1.1 5th c.– 7th c. 1.1 Early OE 1.2 7th c.– 11th c. 1.2 Anglo-Saxon 2. Middle English (ME): 2.1 11th c.– 14th c. 2.1 Early ME 2.2 14th c. – 15th c. 2.2 Classical ME 3. New English (NE): 3.1 15th c. - mid.17th c. 3.1 Early NE 3.2 mid.17th c. - 18th c. 3.2 The age of normalization and correctness 3.3 the end of the 18th c.- till nowadays 3.3 Late NE ( Modern English)
  • 4. Where does English come from?  History of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD.  The Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, crossed the North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern Germany.  At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language; most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders—mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland.  The Angles came from Englaland and their language was called Englisc—from which the words England and English are derived.
  • 5. English is a member of the Germanic language family
  • 7. Overview of English Influences Pre-History-1066 A.D. Celts (Britons and Gaels) up to 55 B.C. Roman Conquest 55 B.C. - 407 A.D. Anglo-Saxon Period 407 A.D. - 787 A.D. Viking Invasions 787 A.D. - 1066 A.D. Norman Conquest begins in 1066 A.D.
  • 8. The Celts/Pre-Roman The island we know as England was invaded by two groups of people: 1. Celts known as Bythons and 2. Gaels. The Celts were Pagans and their religion was known as “animism” a Latin word for “spirit.” Druids were their priests and when clans had disputes, they intervened to settle them.
  • 9. Roman Occupation Hadrian’s Wall
  • 10. The Anglo-Saxon Period 410-787 A.D.
  • 11. Important Events in the (First) Anglo-Saxon Period 410-450 Angles and Saxons invade from Baltic shores of Germany, and Jutes invade from Jutland peninsula in Denmark, thus driving out the Celts. Nine Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms eventually become the Anglo-Saxon heptarchy or “Seven Sovereign Kingdoms”. King Alfred “the Great” managed peace against the Danes for about a generation, until William of Normandy defeated them in 1066.
  • 12. Viking Invasion The Vikings were sea-faring, explorers, traders and warriors, Scandinavians during the 8th-11th centuries. Expeditions that plundered and ended in conquest and settlements of Britain. King Alfred “the Great” in 871 was able to use the language to appeal the English and his efforts saved the language.
  • 13. Extralinguistic reasons replenishment of the English language The complexity of the word, which is mandatory, but flexible relationship of its components - denotation, concept and form - making it possible to relate one item with multiple denotations. Rethink the essence of the word is that the name of one denotation applies to the other, if their concepts are somewhat similar. The word continues to exist in its original form.
  • 14. Linguistic reasons of change of value of word linguistic reason of change of value of word Ellipsis, that is, is considered. reduction of word- combination there is the so-called semantic condensation at that - a remaining word is absorbed in itself by sense of all combination.
  • 15. Conclusion English continues to change and develop, with hundreds of new words arriving every year. But even with all the borrowings from many other languages the heart of the English language remains the Anglo-Saxon of Old English. The grammar of English is also distinctly Germanic - three genders (he, she and it) and a simple set of verb tenses.
  • 16. Literature: 1. http://www.englishclub.com/english-language- history.htm 2. http://www.studyenglishtoday.net/english-language- history.html 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_English_l anguage 4. http://www.anglik.net/englishlanguagehistory.htm 5. Rastorgueva