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- 1. ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺝﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ:ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺘﺎﻥ:
ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﳜﺮﺝ:
ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺀ:ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﻳﺎ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻦ ﳜﺮﺝ،ﻣﺮﻗﻖ ﺭﺧﻮ ﻣﻬﻤﻮﺱ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻭﻫﻮ،ﺍ ﻣﻦﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ
ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔﻧﻄﻘﻪ:
١-ﳓﻮ ﺍﳍﻤﺲ ﻳﻀﻌﻒ ﳑﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺔ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺟﻪ:}ﻻﹾﻔﺗﺘﺮﻭﺍ،ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰﹶﻓﹶﻔﺘﺤﻨﺎﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ{.
٢-ﳓﻮ ،ﺳﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻗﻠﻘﻠﺘﻪ:}ﻻﹾﺘﺮﻭﻥﻔﻳ،ﹾﻌﻮﻻﻔﻣ،ﻑﻋﺠﺎ{.
ﺍﳌﺪﻱ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ:ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺘﲔ ﺑﺎﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﳜﺮﺝ،ﹰﺎﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥﺃﻓﺘﺢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﹰﺎﺳﺎﻛﻨ ﻭ،ﻏ ﻭﻫﻮﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﳌﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ ﲑ
ﺍﳉﻮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﳜﺮﺝﺍﻟﺸﻔﺘﲔ ﺍﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻊ.ﻧﻄﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ:
٠-ﰲ ﳘﺰ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻮﻳﻠﻪﳓﻮ:}ﺗﺒﻴﺾ ﻳﻮﻡﻭﺟﻮﻩﻭﺗﺴﻮﺩﻭﺟﻮﻩ،ﻭﻟﺘﺮﻥﺍﳉﺤﻴﻢ،ﻭﺇﻥﻮﺗﻠﻭﺍﺗﻌﺮﺿﻮﺍ ﺃﻭ،ﻭﻻﻮﺗﻠﻭﻥ
ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ،ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﺍﻟﻀﻼﻟﺔ،ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ،ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻳﺎﻮﺍﻟﺳﻄﻰ{.
١-ﺍﳊﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺪ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﳌﺸﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮﻡ ﻑﳓﻮ:}ﻣﻦﹸﻗﻮﺓ،ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺇﺫﺍﺭﺕﻮﹸﻛ{.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ:ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺘﲔ ﺑﺎﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﳜﺮﺝ،ﻣﻘﻠﻘﻞ ﳎﻬﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻭﻫﻮ،ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻦ:
١-ﹰﺎﺩﺍﺋﻤ ﻣﺮﻗﻖ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻔﺨﻴﻤﻪ،ﳓﻮ:}ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﻁ،ﺍﷲ ﻭﳝﺢﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ،ﺍﻟﺬﻱﺑﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﺣﻮﻟﻪ{.
٢-ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺀ ﻣﻊ ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻣﻪﳓﻮ:}ﻭﺇﻥﺐﺗﻌﺠﻓﻌﺠﺐﻗﻮﳍﻢ،ﱂ ﻭﻣﻦﺐﻳﺘﻓﺄﻭﻟﺌﻚﺍﻟﻈﺎﳌﻮﻥ ﻫﻢ{.
٣-ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺑﺎﳌﻴﻢ ﺧﻠﻄﻪﳓﻮ:}ﷲ ﺍﳊﻤﺪﺏﺭﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔﻫﺬﺍ ،ﻲﺑﺭ{.
٤-ﺍﳍﻤﺲ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺅﻩ،ﳓﻮ:}ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺒﻘﺎﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ،ﺍﺫﻫﺐﺑﻜﺘﺎﰊ{.
٥-ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻘﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪﻩ،ﳓﻮ:}ﲪﺎﻟﺔﺐﺍﳊﻄ،ﺑﻐﲑﺏﺣﺴﺎ{.
ﺍﳌﻴﻢ:ﺍ ﺑﺎﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﳜﺮﺝﻋﻨﻪ ﺗﻨﻔﻚ ﻻ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺔ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﻭﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ،ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻟﺸﻔﺘﲔ،ﻭﻣﻦ
ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ:
١-ﻣﻔﺨﻢ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺟﺎﻭﺭﻩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻔﺨﻴﻤﻪﳓﻮ:}ﺍﷲ ﻭﻋﺪﻛﻢﻣﻐﺎﱎﻛﺜﲑﺓ،ﰲ ﺍﺿﻄﺮ ﻓﻤﻦﳐﻤﺼﺔ،ﻭﻣﺮﱘ
ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺑﻨﺖِﺑﻗﻠﻮ ﰲ ،ﻬﻢﻣﺮﺽ{.
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- 2. ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺝ:ﺍﳋﻴﺸﻮﻡ:
ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﲣﺮﺝ:ﲝﺎﻝ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻻﺗﻨﻔﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﺟﺴﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻻﺯﻣﺔ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ،ﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻭﻻ
ﻓﻴﻬﺎ،ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻦ:
١-ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ،ﺃﻧﻔﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﻭﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻓﻴﻈﻬﺮ،ﺑﺎﻷﺧﻨﻒ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ.ﳓﻮ:
}ﺍﷲ ﻫﻮ ﻗﻞﺃﺣﺪ{.
٢-ﻧﺟﺮﻳﺎﻣﻊ ﻬﺎﻛ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑﺍﳌﺪ ﺤﺮﻭﻑﳓﻮ:}ﺃﻓﻠﺢ ﻗﺪﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ،ِﺗﺻﻼ ﰲ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦﻬﻢ
ﺧﺎﺷﻌﻮﻥ[]ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ،ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻁﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ{.
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- 3. ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ
ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﺻﻔﺔ:ﻫﻲ:ﳜﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔﺑـﻬﺎﳐﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ،ﻭﺑـﻬﺎﺍﳌﺨﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ.
ﺍﳍﻤﺲ ﺻﻔﺔ:ﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻲﺍﳌﺨﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﳊﺮﻑ،ﻭﺣﺮﻭﻓﻬﺎ)ﻓﺤﺜﻪ
ﺳﻜﺖ ﺷﺨﺺ(،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﳘﺲ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ،ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ ﻓﻔﻲ،
ﺍﳍﻤﺲ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻭﺻﻔﺔ،ﺑ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﳚﺐ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄﺎﲜﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳍﻤﺲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﰒ ﹰﻻﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺝ ﺟﺰﺃﻱ ﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ
ﻭ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﳐﺮﺝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻻ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ ﰲ ﻗﻠﻘﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻳﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻻ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺣﺒﺲ ﻋﺪﻡ
ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ:}ﹾﺮﺍﷲﻛﻭﻟﺬﹾﱪﻛﺃ{}ﻨﺔﺘﻭﺍﻟﻔﹾﱪﻛﺃﻣﻦﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ{ﺍﳌﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻻ ﻛﻤﺎ
ﳓﻮ ،ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺳﻂ ﰲ ﺳﻜﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﳑﺎ ﺍﳍﻤﺲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﰲ}ﺒﻌﻬﺎﺘﺗ،ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻓﺔﺘﹾﻛﻓﺎﺒﻨﺎﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻊ{.
ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ:ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﺍﳓﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻫﻲ،ﻭﺣﺮﻭﻓﻬﺎ)ﺑﻜﺖ ﻗﻂ ﺃﺟﺪ(.
ﰲ ﻛﺎﳉﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺎﻭﺓ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺑﺈﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻭﻳﻘﻊﳓﻮ:}ﺟﺍﺘﺜﺖ،ﹾﲡﺰﻯ،ﺝﺍﻟﱪﻭ،
ﺘﻢﺠﺟﺣﺎ{.
ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻂ:ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺧﺎﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﺑﲔ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻫﻲﻭﺣﺮﻭﻓﻬﺎ)ﻟﻦﻋﻤﺮ(.
ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﻭﺿﺪﺍﻟﺮﺧﺎﻭﺓ،ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻲ،ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻭﻳﻘﻊ
ﰲ ﻛﺎﻟﻈﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﲟﻨﻊ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺑﺈﻋﻄﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﻮﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﰲ}ﹾﻇﺃﻠﻢ{ﻭﺍﻟﺬﺍﻝ
ﰲ}ﹾﺫﻓﺎﻛﺮﻭﱐﹾﺫﺃﻛﺮﻛﻢ{ﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺎﺩ}ﻀﻓﻞ{.
ﺍﻟ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻭﻳﻘﻊﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺑﺈﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺘﻮﺳﻂﳓﻮ:}ﺇﻳﺎﻙﻧﻌﺒﺪ{}ﻫﻮ ﻭﻣﺎﺑﺎﳍﺰﻝ{}ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ{.
ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﺀ:ﻭﻫﻮﲝﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ)ﻗﻆ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺧﺺ(ﺗﻔﺨﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﳑﺎ.
ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﲝﺴﺐ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺗﻔﺨﻴﻢ ﻟﻜﻦ،ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺨﻴﻢ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ:
-ﺃﻟﻒ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮﺡ}ﱠﻄﺍﻟﺎﻣﺔ{.
-ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺡ}ﻋﻠﻰِﻡﹶﻌﺎﻃﺍﳌﺴﻜﲔ{.
-ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮﻡ}ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻮﺭﻣﺴﻄﻮﺭ{.
-ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ}ﻭﻳﻄﻌﻤﻮﻥﺣﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ{.
-ﺍﳌﻜﺴﻮﺭ}ﻣﻦﻃﲔ{.
ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﺀ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺗﻔﺨﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻓﻤﻦﳓﻮ:}ِﻘﺍﻟﻴﺎﻣﺔ{ﻳﺼﲑ ﺣﱴ ﺍﳌﻜﺴﻮﺭ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺃﻭ
ﺍﳌﺮﻗﻖ ﻛﺎﳊﺮﻑ}ﻭﺇﺫﺍِﻗﻴﻞﳍﻢ{}ﻭﻻﻳﺴﺘِﻴﻌﻮﻥﻄ{.
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- 4. ﺍﻟﺼﻔﲑ:ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺻﻮﺕ،ﰲ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ)ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺍﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩ(.
ﺍﻟﺼﻔﲑ ﻭﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﳝﻨﻊ ﲟﺎ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺝ ﺟﺰﺃﻱ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﲑ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻦﳓﻮ:
}ﱪﺻﻭﺍﻚﺴﻧﻔ{}ﺗﺆﺯﻫﻢﺍﺯﺃ{.
ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻘﻠﺔ:ﻭﺟﻬﺮﻩ ﻟﺸﺪﺗﻪ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﳐﺮﺝ ﰲ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ،ﺣﺮ ﳐﺮﺝ ﺟﺰﺃﻱ ﺑﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪ ﻭﺗﺘﻢﻓﻴﻨﻄﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻘﺔ ﻑ
ﺍﳊﺮ ﻧﻄﻖ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔﻭﺍﳌﺘﺤﺮﻛ ﻑﹰﺎﺳﺎﻛﻨ ﺑﻘﺎﺋﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺔﺍﻟﻘﻠﻘﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻦ ،:
١-ﻗﻠﻘﻠﺘﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻘﻠﺔ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ:ﳓﻮ:}ﺍﷲ ﻫﻮ ﻗﻞﺪﺃﺣ،ﺍﷲﺪﺍﻟﺼﻤ{}ﰲ ﻛﻔﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺑﻞﺐﺗﻜﺬﻳ،ﻭﺍﷲ
ﻭﺭﺍﺋﻬﻢ ﻣﻦﹾﻂﳏﻴ{.
٢-ﺍﳌﺘﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻘﻠﺔ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺑﻌﺪ ﳘﺰﺓ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓﳓﻮ:}ﺑﺮﺏ ﺃﻋﻮﺫ ﻗﻞﺍﻟﻔﻠﻖ،ﻣﺎ ﺷﺮ ﻣﻦﺧﻠﻖ{.
٣-ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻘﻠﺔ ﺣﺮﻑ ﲢﺮﻳﻚﳓﻮ:}ﻜﻢﺒﺤﺎﺳﻳﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ{}ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡﺩﺍﳌﻮﻋﻮ{.
ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺸﻲ:ﲝﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻟﺸﲔﻭﺍﻟﺮﺧﺎﻭﺓ ﺍﳍﻤﺲ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﲔ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ،
ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﻟﻴﻨﺘﺸﺮﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻨﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ،ﻣﻌﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔﻋﺪﻡ ﰲﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﲔ ﻳﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻻ ﺣﱴ.
ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﻳﺮ:ﲡﻨ ﳚﺐ ﺻﻔﺔﺒـﻬﺎ،ِّﻠﻟ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﻭﺫﻟﻚﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﺭﺗﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺴﺎﻥ،ﳐﺮﺝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ
ﺑﺸﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ،ﳓﻮ:}ﻛﻌﻮﺍﺭﻭﺍﻣﻊﺮﺍﻟﺍﻛﻌﲔ{}ﻭﻗﻞﺭﺏﺮﺍﻏﻔﺭﻭﺍﺣﻢﻭﺃﻧﺖﲑﺧﺮﺍﻟﺍﲪﲔ{}ﺑﺼﲑ ،ﺧﺒﲑ{.
ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻟﺔ:ﻃ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﲡﺔ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻭﻫﻲﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺧﺎﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺩ ﳐﺮﺝ ﻮﻝ،ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻦ:
ﺳﻜﺘﺔ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﻛﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺣﱴ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔﳓﻮ:}ﺫﻟﻚﻀﻓﻞﺍﷲ{}ﺿﺃﹰﺎﻌﺎﻓﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ{.
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- 5. ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻮﻳﺪ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺏ
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ
ﹰﻻﺃﻭ:ﺍﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭﺍﳊﻠﻘﻲ:ﻏﻨﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﻧﻄﻖ ﻫﻮﺍﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺓ
ﻭﻫﻲ)ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﲔ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﳍﺎﺀ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ(،ﺟﻬﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻭﻳﻘﻊ:
١.ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓﻏﺍﳌﻈﻬﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﻨﺔﳓﻮ:}ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺖﻨﻳﻬﻰ،ﹰﺍﻋﺒﺪﺇﺫﺍﱠﻠﺻﻰ{
٢.ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﲔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻻﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺇﺧﻔﺎﺀﳓﻮ:}ﻨﻓﺴﻴﻐﻀﻮﻥﺁﺧﺮﺍﻥ ﺃﻭ ،ﻦﻣﻏﲑﻛﻢ،ﻭﻣﺎ
ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻮﺍﻦﻣﺧﲑﻤﻳﻌﻠﺍﷲ ﻪﹰﺍﺧﲑ ٍﺓﺫﺭ ،{.
ﹰﺎﺛﺎﻧﻴ:ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ:ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﻫﻮ-ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ-ﹰﺍﻣﺸﺪﺩ ﹰﺍﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺎﺣﺮﻓ ﻳﺼﲑﺍﻥ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺑﺂﺧﺮ
ﻛﺎﻟﺜﺎﱐ،ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﰲ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻭﺣﺮﻭﻓﻪ)ﻳﺮﻣﻠﻮﻥ(،ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ:
١-ﻏﻨﺔ ﺑﻼ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ:ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﺬﻫﺐ،ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﻭﻳﺸﺪﺩ}ِﻟ ﹰﺎﻗﻴﻤﻴﻨﺬﺭﹰﺍﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﹰﺎﺑﺄﺳﻦﻣ
ﹶﻟﺪﻧﻪ{ﻭﳓﻮ}ﺭﲪﺔﻦﻣﺭﺑﻚ{}ﰲٍﺔﻋﻴﺸﺭﺍﺿﻴﺔ{.
ﻧﻄﻘﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺑﺈﻃﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥﳓﻮ:}ﱢﻟ ﻭﻳﻞٍﺓﳘﺰ ﻜﻞﱡﻟﻤﺰﺓ{ﻭﳓﻮ}ﻦﻣﺭﺑﻚ،ﺭﻏﻔﻮ
ﺭﺣﻴﻢ{ﻗﺒﻠ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ِﺭﺇﻇﻬﺎ ﺃﻭﻪﳓﻮ:}ﻯﻫﺪﱢﻟﻠﻤﺘﻘﲔ{ﻭﳓﻮ}ﻭﺍﷲﺭﺣﻴﻢ ﺭﻏﻔﻮ{.
٢-ﺑﻐﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ:ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺸﺪﺩ ﹰﺍﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺎﺣﺮﻓ ﻓﻴﺼﲑﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺗﺪﻏﻢ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﻏﻨﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﺎﻟﺔ ﻏﻨﺔ،ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥﳓﻮ:}ﻣ ﻣﻦﻧ ﻣﻦ ٍﺝﺎﺭﺎﺭ{.
٣-ﻧﺎ ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡﺑﻐﻨﺔ ﻗﺺ:ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ ﰲ،ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻮﻥ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺣﻴﺚ،ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﻳﺸﺪﺩ ﻭﻻ
ﹰﻼﻛﺎﻣ ﹰﺍﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ،ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺔ ﺑﺘﺮﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻭﻳﻘﻊﳓﻮ:}ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻦﳚﺰ ﹰﺍﺳﻮﺀﺑﻪ{
}ﻭﺃﺳﲑﺍ ﹰﺎﻭﻳﺘﻴﻤ ﹰﺎﻣﺴﻜﻴﻨ{.
ﹰﺎﺛﺎﻟﺜ:ﺍﻹﻗﻼﺏ:ﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻫﻮﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﻐﻨﺔ ﹰﺓﳐﻔﺎ ﹰﺎﻣﻴﻤ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ،ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻦ:
١.ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﻧﻄﻖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺘﲔ ﺿﻐﻂﳓﻮ:}ﺍﻷﻧﺒﺎﺀ{}ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﹲﺔﺣﻜﻤ{.
٢.ﹰﺍﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺘﲔ ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺪﺑﺗﻘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏﻳﻨﻄﻖ ﰒ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺔ ﺴﺘﻮﰱﺗ ﺣﱴ ﹰﺎﺧﻔﻴﻔ ﹰﺎﺗﻼﺻﻘ ﺗﺘﻼﺻﻘﺎﻥ ﺗﻜﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﺣﱴ ﻬﻤﺎ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ ﺣﺮﻑﳓﻮ:}ﺃﻧﺒﺌﻬﻢ{}ﺑﺬﺍﺕ ﻢﻋﻠﻴﺍﻟﺼﺪﻭﺭ{.
ﹰﺎﺭﺍﺑﻌ:ﺍﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ:ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺔ ﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﻧﻄﻖ ﻭﻫﻮ،ﻭﺣﺮﻭﻓﻪ
ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﰲ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ:
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- 6. ﺛﻨﺎ ﺫﺍ ﺻﻒﲰﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺟﺎﺩ ﻛﻢ
ﺗﻘﻰ ﰲ ﺯﺩ ﹰﺎﻃﻴﺒ ﺩﻡﻇﺎﳌﺎ ﺿﻊ
ﹶﺃﺟﺰ ﺑﺘﻼﺻﻖ ﻭﻳﻨﻄﻖﺴﺘﻮﰱﺗ ﺣﱴ ﹰﺎﺧﻔﻴﻔ ﹰﺎﺗﻼﺻﻘ ﺍﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺣﺮﻑ ﳐﺮﺝ ﻱﺍﻟﻐﻨﺔ،ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺔ ﺗﻔﺨﻴﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻭﻳﻨﺘﺞ
ﳓﻮ ،ﻣﺮﻗﻘﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺗﺮﻗﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﹰﺎﻭﻣﻔﺨﻤ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﺀ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ،}ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ،ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ،ﻛﻨﺘﻢ،ﻳﻨﻄﻘﻮﻥ،ﺃﻧﺬﺭﻫﻢ،
ﻳﻨﻈﺮﻭﻥ{.
ﺍﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ:
١.ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ)ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺀ(ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﳐﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﳐﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﻟﻘﺮﺏﳓﻮ:}ﻨﺃﻛﻨﺘﻢ،ﻧﺃﺪﺍﺩﺍ،
ﻨﻳﻄﻘﻮﻥ{ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﳐﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ.
٢.ﳓﻮ ،ﹰﺎﻣﻴﻤ ﻓﺘﻨﻄﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﻔﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﻧﻄﻖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺘﲔ ﺗﻼﻣﺲ:]،ِﻬﻢﺗﺳﻴﺌﺎ ﻋﻦ ،ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ ،ﻛﻨﺘﻢﺩﻳﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ[
٣.ﻱﺍﳌﺪ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﳐﺮﺝ ﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﲔ ﺍﳉﻴﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺇﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺿﻊ،ﺍﻟﻘـﺎﺭﺉ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻠـﺴﺎﻣﻊ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺣﱴ
ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ًﺀﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﻨﻄﻖﳓﻮ:}ﻧﺃﺠﺎﻛﻢ،ﻦﻣﺷﺮﺧﻠ ﻣﺎﻖ،ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺍ ﹰﺎﺧﻠﻘ،ﺷﻘﻴﺎ ﹰﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭ{.
ﻭﺍﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻼﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﻧﻄﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻦ:ﻟﺘﺼﲑ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺇﺷﺒﺎﻉﻣﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺪﻣ ﻑﺣﺮ
ﻳﺴﻤﻰ)ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺪﺗﻮﻟﻴ(ﳓﻮ:}ﻭﺟﻩﻮﻳﻮﻣٍﺬﺌﻧﺎﻋﻤﺔ{}ﻗﻴ ﺇﻻﺳ ﹰﻼﻼﹰﺎﻣﺳﻼﻣﺎ{}ﻋﻠ ﺇﻧﻪﺑ ﻢﻴﺬﺍﺕﺍﻟﺼﺪﻭﺭ{.
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- 7. ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ
ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﲣﻔﻰ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﺗﺪﻏﻢ
ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻦ:
١.ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﻋﺪﻡ:ﳓﻮ:}ﻭﻣﺎﹸﻜﺑﻣ ﻢﻦﻧﻌﻤﺔﺍﷲ ﻓﻤﻦ{}ﹸﻛﺟﺎﺀﻣ ﻢﻮﺳﻰ{.
٢.ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﳓﻮ:}ﺍﷲ ﻏﻀﺐِﻬﻋﻠﻴﻣ ﻢﻫ ﺎﻣ ﻢﻨﻜﻢ{.
ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻮﻱ ﺍﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻦ:
١.ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﻧﻄﻖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺘﲔ ﺿﻐﻂﳓﻮ:}ﻟﺴﺖِﺑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢﻤﺼﻴﻄﺮ{.
٢.ﹰﺍﻛﺜﲑ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺘﲔ ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺪﳓﻮ:}ﻭﺃﻥِﺑ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﺣﻜﻢﻤﺎﺍﷲ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ{.ﺑﺗﻘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏﺿﻐﻂ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻬﻤﺎ
ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ.
٣.ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺪ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﳓﻮ:}ِﻬﺗﺮﻣﻴﲝﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻢ{.
ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻮﻱ ﺍﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻦ:
١.ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﺇﺧﻔﺎﺀﳓﻮ:}ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺧﺘﻢِﺑﻗﻠﻮِﻬﻢﻢﲰﻌﻬ ﻭﻋﻠﻰﻭﻋﻠﻰﺃﺑﺼﺎﺭﻫﻢ{}ﳚﻌﻞ ﺃﱂﻢﻛﻴﺪﻫ
ﰲﺗﻀﻠﻴﻞ{.
٢.ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺇﻃﺎﻟﺔﳓﻮ:}ﺃﳛﺴﺐﻳﺮﻩ ﺃﱂﺃﺣﺪ{}ﺳﻼﻡﻃﺒﺘﻢ ﻢﻋﻠﻴﻜ{.
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- 8. ﺍﻟ ﺑﺎﺏـﻤﺪﻭﺩ
ﺍﳌﺪ:ﻫﻮﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ِﻩﺭﻣﻘﺪﺍ ﻋﻦ ِﺪﺍﳌ ِﻑﲝﺮ ِﺕﺍﻟﺼﻮ ﹸﺔﺇﻃﺎﻟﻭ ،ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﹸﻪﻓﺃﺣﺮ،ﻫﻲ:
-ﹶﻬﺎﻠﻗﺒ ﻣﺎ ﺡﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮ ﹸﺔﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨ ﻒﺍﻷﻟ،ﳓﻮ:}ﹶﻗﹶﻝﺎ،ﹶﻛﹶﻥﺎ،ﻋِﻣﺎﻞ{.
-ﹶﻬﺎﻠﻗﺒ ﻣﺎ ﻡﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮ ﹸﺔﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍ،ﳓﻮ:}ﹸﻗﹸﻟﻮﻮﺍ،ﹸﻛﻧﻮﻮﺍ،ﹸﻠﺍﻋﻤﻮﺍ{.
-ﹶﻬﺎﻠﻗﺒ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍﳌﻜﺴﻮ ﹸﺔﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨ ُﺀﺍﻟﻴﺎ،ﳓﻮ:}ِﻗﻴﻞ،ِﺳِﻨﻴﲔ،ِﻱﺩﻋﺒﺎ{.
ﺃﺻﻠﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺪﺍﳌ ﻢﻭﻳﻨﻘﺴ،ﻭﻓﺮﻋﻲ:
ﹰﻻﺃﻭ:ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﺪﺍﳌ:ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ:ﺑﻪ ﺇﻻ ِﻑﺍﳊﺮ ﺕﺫﺍ ﻡﺗﻘﻮ ﻻ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻫﻮ،ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺰﳘ ﻩﺪﺑﻌ ﺲﻭﻟﻴ.
ﻣﺪﻭﺩ ﹸﺔﺃﺭﺑﻌ ﺑﻪ ﻖﻭﻳﻠﺤ،ﻫﻲ:
١.ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻝ ﺪﻣ)١(
:ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ ﺪﺑﻌ ﺪﺍﳌ ﻑﺣﺮ ﹶﰐﻳﺄ ﺃﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ،ﻣﺜﻞ)َﺍﺀﺩﻡ،ﺅﺭﻭﺳﻜﻢ،ِﺌﺑﻴﺲ(.
٢.ﺍ ﺪﻣﻟﻌﻮﺽ:ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﻟﺪﻯ ﹰﺎﺃﻟﻔ ِﺐﺍﻟﻨﺼ ِﻦﺗﻨﻮﻳ ﹸﻝﺇﺑﺪﺍ ﻫﻮ}ﺗﻮﺍﺑﺎ ،ﺃﻓﻮﺍﺟﺎ ،ﻣﻬﺎﺩﺍ{.
٣.ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺮﻯ ِﺔﺍﻟﺼﻠ ﻣﺪ:ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﲔ ﺑﲔ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺇﺫﺍ ٍﺀﺑﻴﺎ ِﻪﺗﻭﻛﺴﺮ ٍﻭﺑﻮﺍ ِﲑﺍﻟﻀﻤ ِﺀﻫﺎ ِﺔﺿﻤ ﹸﻞﻭﺻﳓﻮ ،}ﻪﺇﻧﻛﺎﻥ
،ﺗﻮﺍﺑﺎﻪﺇﻧﻛﺎﻥِﻩﺑﻌﺒﺎﺩﹰﺍﺧﺒﲑ{.
٤.ِﺕﺃﻟﻔﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪ)ﻃﻬﺮ ﻲﺣ(ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭ ِﻞﺃﻭﺍﺋ ﰲ:ِﺋﺃﻭﺍ ﻑﺣﺮﻭ ﻭﻫﻲﺣﺮﻓﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺎﺅﻫﺠﺎ ﹸﻥﹶﻮﻜﹸﳌﺍ ِﺭﺍﻟﺴﻮ ِﻞ)ﺣﺎ،ﹶﻃﺎ،
ﻫﺎ،ﺭﺍ،ﻳﺎ(.
ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﳌﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ:
١-ﺣﺮﻛﺘﲔ ﻋﻦ ﻩﺪﻣ ﹸﺓﺯﻳﺎﺩ،ﳓﻮ:}ﺻِﻒﺤﻢﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻭﺳﻣﻮﻰ{.
٢-ﻓﻴﻪ ِﺪﺍﳌ ﻙﺗﺮﳓﻮ:}ﻓﻼﺍﳌﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﻦ{}ﻓﻼﺪﺗﻘﻌﻭﺍﻣﻌﻬﻢ{.
٣-ﺍﳌﺪ ِﻑﺣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ِﻑﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮ ﺪﻋﻨ ِﺕﺍﻟﺼﻮ ﻊﻗﻄِﺑ ِﻖﻭﺍﻟﻨﻄِﻩﺮﺁﺧ ﰲ ٍﺓﻬﻤﺰﳓﻮ:}ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻀﻰﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ،ﺠﺳﻰ{}ﻣﺎ
ﺗﻣﺎﻮﺍ{}ِﺘﺟﻨﻲ{.
٤-ﺍﳌﺪﻱ ِﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍ ﹶﻞﻗﺒ ﺍﳌﺪﻱ ِﲑﻏ ِﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍ ﻑﺣﺬ،ﳓﻮ:}ﻮﺗﻠﻭﺍ{ﺍﳌﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻱ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺃﻭﳓﻮ:}ﺤﻳﺴﺘِﻴﻲ{
٥-ﺍﳌﺪﻱ ِﲑﻏ ِﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻱ ِﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍ ﻡﺇﺩﻏﺎ،ﳓﻮ:}ﻭ ﺍﺻﱪﻭﺍﺻﺎﺑﺮﻭﺍﻭﺭﺍﺑﻄﻮﺍﻭﺍﺗﻘﻮﺍﺍﷲ{}ﻭ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍﻋﻤﻠﻮﺍ
ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎﺕ{.
))1(ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ:ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﳌﺪ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﲢﺖ ﺿﻤﻪ ﺁﺛﺮﺕ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﳝﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺣﻔﺺ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﳌﺎ ،ﺣﺮﻛﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﺭﺵ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺪﻩ ﳉﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﺍﳌﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻔﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻳﻠﺤﻘﻪ.
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- 9. ٦-ﺍﳌﺪﻱ ِﲑﻏ ِﺀﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻱ ِﺀﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﻡﺇﺩﻏﺎﳓﻮ:}ﻭﻗﻞﻳ ﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱﻘﻮﻟﻮﺍﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ{}ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺖﻳ ﺍﻟﺬﻱﻜﺬﺏ
ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ،ﻓﺬﻟﻚﻳ ﺍﻟﺬﻱﺪﻉﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ{.
٧-،ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻑِﺬﺣ ﺍﻟﱵ ِﺕﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﰲ ِﺪﺍﳌ ِﻑﺣﺮ ﹸﺓﺯﻳﺎﺩﳓﻮ:}ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﺃﺟﻴﺐﺍﻟﺪﺍﻉﺇﺫﺍﺩﻋﺎﻥﻓﻠﻴﺴﺘﺠﻴﺒﻮﺍ{
]ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ١٨٦[}ﲣﺸﻮﻫﻢ ﻓﻼِﻥﻭﺍﺧﺸﻮﻭﻷﰎ{]ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ:٣[}ﻭﺻﺎﱀُﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ{]ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ٤[}ﺳﻨﺪﻉُﺍﻟﺰﺑﺎﻧﻴﺔ{
]ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻖ١٨[}ﻳﻭﺢﻤﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ﺍﷲ{]ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ٢٤.[
ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛ ِﺀﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎ ﻑِﺬﺣﻭ ﹰﺎﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﺎﻭ ﺖﻭﻳﺜﺒ ﹰﻼﻭﺻ ﻑﹶﺬﺤﻳ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻨﲔﹰﺎﻗﻔﳓﻮ:}ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻁ ﺃﻫﺪﻧﺎ{
}ﻭﺃﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻗﻴﻤﻮﺍ{}ﻏﲑﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﳏﻠﻲ{.
ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻝ ﻣﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ:
١-ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ِﺕﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ِﺪﺍﳌ ﻑﺣﺬ}ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﺳﺌﻠﻮﺍ ﰒﻵﺗﻮﻫﺎ{}ﺍ ﺃﺯﻓﺖﻵﺯﻓﺔ{}ﻟﻜﻢ ﺃﺭﺿﻌﻦ ﻓﺈﻥﻓﺂﺗﻮﻫﻦ
ﺃﺟﻮﺭﻫﻦ{}ﻹﻳﻼﻑﻗﺮﻳﺶ{.
٢-ﺣﺮﻛﻴﱳ ﻋﻦ ِﺪﺍﳌ ﹸﺓﺯﻳﺎﺩ،ﳓﻮ:}ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﻳﺎﻣﺁِﻣﺁ ﻨﻮﺍﻨﻮﺍﺑﺎﷲ{}ﺇﻳﻼﻓﻬﻢﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﺭﺣﻠﺔ{.
ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺽ ﺪﻣ ﰲ ﹸﺔﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌ ُﺀﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎ:
١-ﺣﺮﻛﺘﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺪﺍﳌ ﹸﺓﺯﻳﺎﺩ،ﳓﻮ:}ﹰﺎﺃﻓﻮﺍﺟ،ﹰﺎﺗﻮﺍﺑ{}ﺣﹰﺎﺒ،ﻭﻗﻀﺒﺎ ﹰﺎﻭﻋﻨﺒ{
٢-ﺍﳌﻨﻮﻥ ِﺰﺍﳍﻤ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ِﺪﺍﳌ ﻑﺣﺬﳓﻮ:}ﻭﺃﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺰﻝًﺀﻣﺎ{}ﻟﻴﺴﻮﺍًﺀﺳﻮﺍ{.
٣-ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ِﻦﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳ ِﻥﻧﻮ ﻖﻧﻄﳓﻮ:}ﹰﺎﻓﺘﺤﹰﺎﻣﺒﻴﻨ{}ﹶﻟﻴﻦﺴﺠﻨﹶﻟﻭﹰﺎﻴﻜﻮﻧ{}ﻳﻨﺘﻪ ﱂ ﻟﺌﻦﹰﺎﻟﻨﺴﻔﻌ{}ﻛﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﻭﺇﻥ
ﻏﲑﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻟﺘﻔﺘﺮﻱ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺃﻭﺣﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻟﻴﻔﺘﻨﻮﻧﻚﹰﺍﻭﺇﺫ{ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﺈﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻮﺻﻞ}ﹰﺍﻭﺇﺫﻻﺧﻠﻴﻼ ﲣﺬﻭﻙ{
٤-ِﺑ ﺪﺍﳌ ﻊﻗﻄِﻩﺮﺁﺧ ﰲ ٍﺓﻬﻤﺰ،ﳓﻮ:}ﺃﱂﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﳒﻌﻞﻣﻬﺎﺩﺍ،ﻭﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝﺃﻭﺗﺎﺩﺍ{.
ﺪﻣ ﰲ ﹸﺔﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌ ُﺀﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺍﻟﺼﻐﺮﻯ ِﺔﺍﻟﺼﻠ:
٠-ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﹶﺔﺻﻠ ﻻ ﺍﻟﱵ ِﺕﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﰲ ِﲑﺍﻟﻀﻤ ِﺀﻫﺎ ﹸﻞﻭﺻﳓﻮ:}ﺍﷲ ﻭﳜﺶﹾﻘﻭﻳﺘِﻪﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺰﻭﻥ ﻫﻢ ﻓﺄﻭﻟﺌﻚ{}ِﻘﻓﺄﻟﻪ
ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ{}ﺗﺸﻜﺮﻭﺍ ﻭﺇﻥﺿﻳﺮﻪﻟﻜﻢ{}ِﺟﺃﺭﻪﻭﺃﺧﺎﻩ{.
١-ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ِﻪﻟﻗﻮ ﰲ ﺪﺍﳌ ﻙﺗﺮ}ﻭﳜﻠﺪِﻪﻓﻴﻱﻣﻬﺎﻧﺎ{.
ﻃﻬﺮ ﻲﺣ ِﺕﺃﻟﻔﺎ ﰲ ﹸﺔﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌ ُﺀﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎ:
١-ﹸﺓﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺪﺑﻌ ٍﺓﳘﺰﳓﻮ:}ﻃﻪ{}ﺍﻟﺮ{.
٢-ﰲ ﹸﺔﺍﳌﺒﺎﻟﻐﻣﺃﻟﻒ ﺪ:}ﺣﻢ{.
ﹰﺎﺛﺎﻧﻴ:ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﺪﺍﳌ:
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- 10. ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ:ِﺰﺍﳍﻤ ِﺐﺑﺴﺒ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺪﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋ ﺪﺍﳌ ﻫﻮﺃﺍﻟﺴﻜﻮﻥ ﻭ.ﻗﺴﻤﲔ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ:
ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻢﺍﻟﻘﺴ:ﺍﳍﻤﺰ ِﺐﺑﺴﺒ ﺪﺍﳌ:ﻭﻫﻮﺃﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﹸﺓﻭﺍﳍﻤﺰ ﺪﺍﳌ ﻑﺣﺮ ﹶﰐﻳﺄ ﻥ.
ﹰﻻﺃﻭ:ﺑ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﻓﺈﻥﹲﻞﻣﺘﺼ ﺪﻣ ﻓﻬﻮ ٍﺓﻭﺍﺣﺪ ٍﺔﻛﻠﻤ ﰲ ﻩﺪﻌﳓﻮ:}ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ،ﺑﻴﱵ ﻭﻃﻬﺮﻟﻠﻄﺎﺋﻔﲔﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﲔ{
ﺪﻭﳝﺃﺭﺑﻊﺃﻭﲬﺲﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ.
ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺍﳌﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻦ:
١-ﹶﻬﺎﻠﻣﺜ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ ٍﺔﻛﻠﻤ ﲔﺑ ﺪﺍﳌ ِﺔﺩﺭﺟ ﺕﺗﻔﺎﻭﳓﻮ:}ﻟﻠﻄﺎﺋﻔﲔﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﲔ{ﺪﺍﳌ ﺑﲔ ﹸﺔﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳ ﺐﳚ ﺇﺫﻳﻦ.
٢-ﺍ ﺮﻗﺼِﺭﻣﻘﺪﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺪﳌﺃﺭﺑﻊﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ،ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ.ﻣﺜﻞ}ﻣﺴﲏ ﻭﻣﺎﺴﺍﻟﻮﺀ،ﲟﺎ ﺇﻻﺷﺎﺀ،ﺛﻼﺛﺔ
ﺮﻗﻭﺀ{.
ﹰﺎﺛﺎﻧﻴ:ﻓﻬﻮ ﻩﺪﺑﻌ ﺍﻟﱵ ِﺔﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤ ِﻝﺃﻭ ﰲ ﹸﺓﻭﺍﳍﻤﺰ ِﺔﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤ ِﺮﺁﺧ ﰲ ِﺪﺍﳌ ﻑﺣﺮ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﺫﺍﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﺰﺟﺎﺋ ﺪﻣ،ﳓﻮ:
}ﺃﻻ ﺭﺑﻚ ﻭﻗﻀﻰﺗﻌﺒﺪﻭﺍ~ﺇﻻ~ﺇﻳﺎﻩﺇﺣﺴﺎﻧﺎ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ{ﻭﳝﺪﺃﺭﺑﻊﺃﻭﲬﺲﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ.ِﺐﻟﻠﻮﺍﺟ ﹰﺎﻣﺴﺎﻭﻳ ﹸﻥﻭﻳﻜﻮ
ﻣﻨﻪ ﱠﻞﺃﻗ ﺃﻭ.
ﻓﻴﻪ ِﺔﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌ ِﺀﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ:
ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ِﺔﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﻋﻠﻰ ِﻒﺍﻟﻮﻗ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﲔ ﻋﻦ ِﺪﺍﳌ ﹸﺓﺯﻳﺎﺩﳓﻮ:}ﻟﻜﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﺠﻴﺒﻮﺍ ﱂ ﻓﺈﻥﻓﺎﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ{ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ
ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻊ ،ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﰲ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﺎﻥ ﲤﺪ ﺃﻥِﻞﺍﻟﻮﺻ ﰲ}ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ~ﺃﳕﺎ~ﺃﻧﺰﻝﺍﷲ ﺑﻌﻠﻢ{
ﺑﻪ ﻖﻭﻳﻠﺤﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ِﺔﺍﻟﺼﻠ ﺪﻣ:ﺗ ﺃﻥ ﻭﻫﻮﹾﺄﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﹲﺓﳘﺰ ﻫﺎﺪﻭﺑﻌ ﻙﻣﺘﺤﺮ ﹶﻬﺎﻠﻭﻗﺒ ﹰﺔﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛ ِﲑﺍﻟﻀﻤ ُﺀﻫﺎ ﰐ.ﳓﻮ:
}ِﻧﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻌﻢﻪﺇﻧﻭﺃﻭﺍﺏ{}ﻭﻣﻦِﻪﺁﻳﺎﺗﻱﺃﻥﺗﺮﺍﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻘﻜﻢ{ﹰﺎﺩﺍﺋﻤ ِﻞﻟﻠﻤﻨﻔﺼ ﹰﺔﻣﺴﺎﻭﻳ ﹶﻥﺗﻜﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺐﻭﳚ.
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ:ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﳌﺪ:
ﺴﻭﺍﻟﺃﺻﻠﻲ ﺇﻣﺎ ﹸﻥﻜﻮ)ﺃﻱ:ﻻﺯﻡ(ﺽﻋﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ)ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ِﺐﺑﺴﺒ(،
ﺃ-ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ِﻥﺍﻟﺴﻜﻮ ِﺐﺑﺴﺒ ﺪﺍﳌ،ﺃﺻﻠﻲ ﹲﻥﺳﻜﻮ ﺪﺍﳌ ِﻑﺣﺮ ﺪﺑﻌ ﹶﰐﻳﺄ ﺃﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ،ﺇﻣﺎ ﻭﻫﻮﻣﺜﻘﻞ ﻲﻛﻠﻤ:ﳓﻮ:
}ﻣﺍﻟﻄﺎﺔ{ﻒﳐﻔ ﺃﻭﳓﻮ:}ﺁﹾﻟﺂﻥ{ﳍﺎ ﺛﺎﱐ ﻭﻻ.ﻭﺇﻣﺎﹲﻞﻣﺜﻘ ﹲﰲﺣﺮﰲ ﻛﺎﻟﻼﻡ}ﺃﱂ{ﺃﻭﻒﳐﻔﳓﻮ:}ﺹ{ﻭﺪﳝ
ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺖﺳ.
ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎ ﻣﻦﹰﻻﺇﲨﺎ ِﻡﺍﻟﻼﺯ ﺪﺍﳌ ﰲ ِﺔﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌ ِﺀ:
١-ﺍﳌﺪ ِﻉﺇﺷﺒﺎ ﻡﻋﺪ:ﳓﻮ:}ﹼﻟﺍﻟﻀﺎﲔ،ﹼﻗﺍﳊﺎﺔ،ﺍﻟـﻤﺺ،ﻛﻬﻴﻌﺺ{ﰲ ﻭﳚﻮﺯ)ﻋﲔ(ﺳﺖ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ.
٢-ﺪﺍﳌ ِﻑﺣﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ِﺩﺍﳌﺸﺪ ِﻑﺍﳊﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ِﺪﺍﻟﺘﺸﺪﻳ ﻑﺣﺬﳓﻮ:}ﺩ ﺃﻭﻏﲑ ﻳﻦﺭﻣﻀﺎ،ﻭﻻﹼﻥﺟﺂ،ﻓﺴﺌﻞ
ﺩﺍﻟﻌﺎﻳﻦ{.
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- 11. ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ:ِﻞﻭﺻ ﺪﻋﻨ}ﺃﱂ{ﺏ}ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﻻ ﺍﷲ{ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺁﻝ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻭﻝ ﰲِﺢﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﻙﲢﺮ
ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲑﻓﻴﺼ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﲔ ِﺀﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎ:
·ﺑﺎﻷﺻﻞ ﹰﺍﺍﻋﺘﺪﺍﺩ ٍﺕﺣﺮﻛﺎ ﺖﺳ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺪﻣ ﻣﻊ ِﻢﺍﳌﻴ ﺢﻓﺘ
·ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﺿﺔ ِﺔﺑﺎﳊﺮﻛ ﹰﺍﺍﻋﺘﺪﺍﺩ ِﺀﺍﻟﻴﺎ ِﺮﻗﺼ ﻣﻊ ِﻢﺍﳌﻴ ﺢﻓﺘ.
ﺏ–ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ِﻥﺍﻟﺴﻜﻮ ِﺐﺑﺴﺒ ﺪﺍﳌﺭﺽ:ﻗﺴﻤﲔ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ:
١-ﻟﻠﺴﻜﻮﻥ ﺽﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭ ﺪﺍﳌ:ِﻒﺍﻟﻮﻗ ِﺐﺑﺴﺒ ﻦﺳﺎﻛ ﻑﺣﺮ ِﺪﺍﳌ ِﻑﺣﺮ ﺪﺑﻌ ﹶﰐﻳﺄ ﺃﻥ ﻭﻫﻮﳓﻮ:}ﺭﺏﹶﻟﺍﻟﻌﺎِﻤﲔ،
ﻦﺍﻟﺮﲪ،ﻋﻠﻢﹾﻥﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ{ﺪﻭﳝﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺳﺖ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﺎﻥ.
٢-ﱢﻠﺍﻟ ﻣﺪﲔ:ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨ ُﺀﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭﺎﹶﻬﻤﺎﻠﻗﺒ ﻣﺎ ﺡﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮ ِﻥ،ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻗﻔﻨﺎ ﺇﺫﺍﺑﻌﺪﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﻮﻥ ﳘﺎ،ﳓﻮ:}ﹸﻗﺮﻳﺶ،
ﺧﻮﻑ{
ِﺔﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌ ِﺀﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎ ﻭﻣﻦﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﳌﺪ ﰲ:
١-ِﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍ ﺮﻛﺴﺃﻟﻠﺴﻜﻮﻥ ِﺽﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭ ﺪﺍﳌ ﰲ ِﺀﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﻭﳓﻮ:}ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﻠﻮﻻﺍﳊﻠﻘﻮﻡ{}ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻭﺃﻧﺘﻢﺗﻨﻈﺮﻭﻥ{}ﻓﻠﻮﻻ
ﻏﲑ ﻛﻨﺘﻢ ﻋﻦﻣﺪﻳﻨﲔ{}ﻧﺗﺮﺟﻌﻮﻛﻨﺘﻢ ﺇﻥ ﻬﺎﺻﺎﺩﻗﲔ{.
٢-ِﺭﻣﻘﺪﺍ ﺕﺗﻔﺎﻭﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ ٍﺔﺁﻳ ﺑﲔ ِﺽﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭ ﺪﺍﳌ}ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦﻢﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴ،ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚﺍﻟﺪﻳـﻦ{ﺍﻟﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ
}ﻹﻳﻼﻑﹸﻗﺮﻳـﺶ.ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺇﻳﻼﻓﻬﻢﻭﺼﺍﻟﻴﻒ{
٣-ﻋﻦ ِﲔﺍﻟﻠ ﺪﻣ ِﻝﻃﻮ ﹸﺓﺯﻳﺎﺩﻣﺪِﺽﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻟﻠﺴﻜﻮﻥِﻬﻤﺎﻋﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎ ﺪﻋﻨ}ﻣﻦﻉﺟﻮ،ﻣﻦ ﻭﺁﻣﻨﻬﻢﺧــﻑﻮ{
ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺏﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﻣﺪﻣ ﲔﺍﻟﻠﹶﻞﺜﻣﺪِﺽﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻟﻠﺴﻜﻮﻥﻣﻨﻪ ﱠﻞﺃﻗ ﺃﻭ.
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- 12. ﹰﻼﻭﺻ ﻭﺗﺴﻘﻂ ﹰﺎﻭﻗﻔ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﺕ
ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﰲ ﻭﻋﻼﻣﺘﻬﺎ)o(.
١-ﺃﻟﻒ}ﺃﻧﺎ{ﺣﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﻴﺜﻤﺎ،ﺗﺇﺛﺒﺎ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻓﻤﻦﳓﻮ ﹰﻼﻭﺻ ﻬﺎ:}ﺃﻧﺒﺌﻜﻢ ﺃﻧﺎ{.
٢-ﺃﻟﻒ}ﻟﻜﻨﺎ{]ﺍﻟﻜﻬﻒ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ:٣٨[ﻭﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎ)ﻦﻟﻜﹶﺃﺭﰊ ﺍﷲ ﻧﺎ(ﺍﻷﻟ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻓﻤﻦﹰﻼﻭﺻ ﻒ}ﻨﻟﻜﺎﺍﷲ ﻫﻮ
ﺭﰊ{.
٣-ﺃﻟﻒ}ﺍﻟﻈﻨﻮﻧﺎ{]ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ:١٠[ﹰﻼﻭﺻ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻓﻤﻦ}ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺗﻈﻨﻮﻥﺍﻟﻈﻨﻮﻧﺎﺍﺑﺘﻠﻲ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ
ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ{.
٤-ﺃﻟﻒ}ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻻ{]ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ:٦٦[}ﻭﺃﻃﻌﻨﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻃﻌﻨﺎ ﻟﻴﺘﻨﺎ ﻳﺎﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻻﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ{.
٥-ﺃﻟﻒ}ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻼ{]ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ:٦٧[}ﻓﺄﺿﻠﻮﻧﺎﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻼِﺗﺁ ﺭﺑﻨﺎﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻌﻔﲔ ﻬﻢ{.
٦-ﺃﻟﻒ}ﻗﻮﺍﺭﻳﺮﺍ{ﺍﻷﻭﱃ]ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ:١٥[}ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﺃﻛﻮﺍﺏﻗﻮﺍﺭﻳﺮﺍﺮﻗﻮﺭﻳﻓﻀﺔ ﻣﻦ{.
٧-ﺃﻟﻒ}ﺳﻼﺳﻼ{]ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ:٤[}ﻟﻠﻜﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻋﺘﺪﻧﺎ ﺇﻧﺎﺳﻼﺳﻼﹰﻻﻭﺃﻏﻼ{.
ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻭﻣﻦ}ﹶﺛﻤﺩﻮﺍ{]ﻫﻮﺩ:٦٨ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎﻥ ،:٣٨ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺕ ،:٣٨ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ،:٥١[ﰲ
ﺍﻟﻮﺻ ﺣﺎﻟﺔﻭﺃ ،ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻝ ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ،ﻞﻣﺎﺍﻟﺪﺍﻝ ﺑﺈﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﰲ)ﺩﻭﲦﻮ.(
ﹰﺎﻭﻭﻗﻔ ﹰﻼﻭﺻ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻭﻣﺎﳓﻮ:}ﺇﻧﺎﺍﻟﻜﻮﺛﺮ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﻨﺎﻙ{.
ﹰﺎﻭﺃﻟﻔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺗﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻭﻧﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﰲﻋﻮﺽ ﻣﺪ ﻬﺎﳓﻮ:}ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻨﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ
ﺭﺳﻮﻻ{ﺍﻟ ﻭﰲﻮﺻﻞ:}ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﺇﱃﹰﻻﺭﺳﻮﹸﻥﻓﺮﻋﻮ ﻓﻌﺼﻰﹶﻝﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮ{.
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- 13. ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﳘﺰﺓ
ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﳘﺰﺓ:ﻰﺗﻳﺆ ﹲﺓﳘﺰ ﻫﻲﺑـﻬﺎﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ ِﺀﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ِﻦﹸﻜﻟﻠﺘﻤ،ﹰﻼﻭﺻ ﹸﻂﻭﺗﺴﻘ ًﺀﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ.ﳍﺎ ﻭﻳﺮﻣﺰ
ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻊﺗﻮﺿ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﺼﺎﺩ)ﺻـ(.
ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﰲ ِﻞﺍﻟﻮﺻ ِﺓﳘﺰ ﹸﺔﺣﺮﻛ:
-ﺍﳌ ِﺀﺍﻷﲰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﹸﺓﳘﺰ ﻔﺘﺢﺗﺑﺄﻝ ِﺔﻌﺮﻓﳓﻮ:}ﹶﳊﻤﺪﺍﷲ،ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻋﺔ{.
-ﰲ ﺮﺴﺗﻜﺍﻟﻔ ﻣﺼﺪﺭﻌﻭﺍﻟﺴﺪﺍﺳﻲ ﺍﳋﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﻞ،ﳓﻮ:}ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ،ﺍﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﻬﻢ،ﺳﺍِﺘﻐﻔﺎﺭ،ِﺘﺍﺳﻜﺒﺎﺭﺍ{.
-ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ِﺔﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴ ِﺀﺍﻷﲰﺎ ِﻞﺃﻭﺍﺋ ﰲ ﺮﺴﺗﻜ:}ﺍﺳﻢ،ﺍﺑﻦ،ﺍﺑﻨﺔ،ﺍﻣﺮﺅ،ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ،،ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥﺍﺛﻨﲔ،،ﺍﺛﻨﺘﺎﻥﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ{.
ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﳘﺰﺓ ﺣﺮﻛﺔﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ:
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ِﻑﺍﳊﺮ ِﺔﺣﺮﻛ ﻋﻠﻰ ِﻝﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎ ﰲ ِﻞﺍﻟﻮﺻ ِﺓﳘﺰ ﹸﺔﺣﺮﻛ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ:
ﹰﺎﻣﻀﻤﻮﻣ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻀﻢﺘﻓﳓﻮ:}ﹾﺫﺍﹸﻛﺮﻭﺍ،ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﹶﺍﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﷲﺩﺍﺧﻠﻮﻫﺎﺑﺴﻼﻡ،ﹾﻛﺍﺘﺒﻨﺎﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻊ،ﺳﺍﹸﻠﻚ
ﻳﺪﻙ{.
ﻣﺜﻞ ﹰﺎﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﻥ ﺗﻜﺴﺮ ﻭ:}ﺳﺍﺘﹶﺮﻔﻐﳍﻢ،ﺗﺍﻌﻮﺍﺒﺃﻫﻮﺍﺀﻫﻢ،ﹾﻗﺍﺘﻞﺘﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ{ﹰﺍﻣﻜﺴﻮﺭ ﺃﻭ:ﻣﺜﻞ:}ِﺮﻔﹾﻏﺍ،ﻟﻨﺎ
ِﻊﺟﺍﺭﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ{.
ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﳘﺰﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻦ:
١-ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ِﺝﺭﺩ ﰲ ِﻞﺍﻟﻮﺻ ِﺓﳘﺰ ﺕﺇﺛﺒﺎ،ﳓﻮ:}ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻣﻦﺍﲰﻪﺃﲪﺪ{}ﻭﺇﻥﺍﹲﺓﻣﺮﺃﺧﺎﻓﺖ{}ﻭﻗﺎﻻﺍﺪﳊﻤﷲ{
}ﰲﺍﻟﻘﺘﻠﻰﺍﺮﳊﺮﺑﺎﳊ{}ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺎﺍﺭﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ{}ﻭﻗﺎﻝﺍﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍﻣﺼﺮ{}ﺭﺏﺍﺣﻜﻢﺑﺎﳊﻖ{}ﻓﺈﻥ
ﺧﲑ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻪﺍﻃﻤﺄﻥﺑﻪﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻭﺇﻥﺍﻧﻘﻠﺐﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ{.
٢-ًﺀﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ِﻬﺎﺘﺣﺮﻛ ِﲑﻏ ٍﺔﲝﺮﻛ ِﻞﺍﻟﻮﺻ ِﺓﳘﺰ ﻚﲢﺮﻳﳓﻮ:}ﺍﲰﻪﺃﲪﺪ{}ﺍﹸﻛﺭﺾﺑﺮﺟﻠﻚ()ﺍﻨﺑﻮﺍﺑﻨﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻟﻪ{.
ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎﻥ:
ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ:ﺣﻮﻝ}ﻮﱐﺘﺍﺋﺑﻜﺘﺎﺏ،ﻨﺍﺑﻮﺍ،ﻀﺍﻗﻮﺍ،ﺸﺍﻣﻮﺍ،ﻀﺍﻣﻮﺍ{:ﺗﻼﺣﻆ ﻟﻌﻠﻚﹶﺚﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟ ﻑﺍﳊﺮ ﺃﻥ
ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻡ ِﻝﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻦ،ﹶﺚﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟ ﻑﺍﳊﺮ ﺃﻥ ِﻝﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﰲ ﹶﻞﺍﻷﺻ ﻷﻥ ِﻞﺍﻟﻮﺻ ﹶﺓﳘﺰ ﺮِﺴﻧﻜ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻣﻊﰲ
ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻋﻬﺎﺭﻣﻜﺴﻮﹾﺔﺃﺻﻠﻴ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻋﺎﺭﺿﺔ ﹸﺔﻭﺍﻟﻀﻤ.
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- 14. ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ:ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺃﻝ ﰲ ِﻞﺍﻟﻮﺻ ﳘﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﳘﺰﺓ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺇﺫﺍ،ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ:
١-ﺃ ﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻝﻣﺸﺒﻌﺔ ﹰﺎﻟﻔ.
٢-ﻭﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﳘﺰﺓ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ.
ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺛﻼﺙ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻭﻗﺪ:
١-}ﺁﷲ{ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ:}ُﷲﺁﻟﻜﻢ ﺃﺫﻥ{]ﻳﻮﻧﺲ٥٩[}ﺁﷲﻳﺸﺮﻛﻮﻥ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺧﲑ{]ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻞ٥٩.[
٢-}ﱠﺬﺁﻟﻛﺮﻳﻦ{ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ}ﻗﻞﱠﺬﺁﻟﻛﺮﻳﻦﺍﻷﻧﺜﻴﲔ ﺃﻡ ﺣﺮﻡ{]ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ١٤٣/١٤٤.[
٣-}ﺁﻵﻥ{ﻣﻦﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ}ﺁﻵﻥﺗﺴﺘﻌﺠﻠﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﻢ ﻭﻗﺪ{]ﻳﻮﻧﺲ٥١[،}ﺁﻵﻥﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﺼﻴﺖ ﻭﻗﺪ{
]ﻳﻮﻧﺲ١٥٩.[
ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻭﻣﻦﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﳘﺰﺓﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﰲ}ﺃﺃﷲ،ﺃﺃﻵﻥ،ﺃﺃﻟﺬﻛﺮﻳﻦ{.
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- 15. ﺍﻟﻼﻡ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ
ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﰲ ﻭﺳﻄﻬﺎ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ.
ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻻﻡ:)ﻻﻡ)ﺃﻝ(ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﱵ(ﻭﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢﻗﺴﻤﲔ ﺇﱃ:
ﺃ-ﺍﻟﻼﻡﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮﻳﺔ:ﰲ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﹰﺎﺣﺮﻓ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﻈﻬﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺃﻝ ﻻ ﻫﻲ)ﻭﺧﻒ ﺣﺠﻚ ﺇﺑﻎ
ﻪﻋﻘﻴﻤ.(
ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺘﻬﺎ:}،ﹾﻴﻮﻡﻟﺍ ،ﹾﻘﻤﺮﻟﺍ ،ﹾﻌﺒﺎﺩﻟﺍ ،ﹾﻔﺮﻗﺎﻥﻟﺍ ،ﹾﺨﲑﻟﺍ ،ﹾﻮﻋﺪﻟﺍ ،ﹾﻜﺒﲑﻟﺍ ،ﹾﺠﻨﺔﻟﺍ ،ﹾﺤﻖﻟﺍ ،ﹾﻐﲏﻟﺍ ،ﹾﱪﻳﺔﻟﺍ ،ﹾﺈﻧﺴﺎﻥﻟﺍ
ﹾﻬﺪﻯﻟﺍ ،ﹾﻤﺮﲪﺔﻟﺍ{.
ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻭﻗﺪﺍﻟﻼﻡ ﳐﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺁﺧﺮ ﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ.
ﳓﻮ ،ﺍﳉﻴﻢ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ،ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﰲ ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻭﻣﻦ}ﹾﻟﺍِﺠﺒﺎﻝ،ﹾﻟﺍﺠﻨﺔ،
ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐﹾﻟﺑﺎﺠﻨﺐ{.
ﺏ-ﺍﻟﻼﻡﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ:ﺃﻭ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻏﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺃﻝ ﻻﻡ ﻭﻫﻲﺍﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺋﻞ:
ﺭ ﺻﻞ ﰒ ﻃﺐﻧﻌﻢ ﺫﺍ ﺿﻒ ﺗﻔﺰ ﹰﺎﲪ
ﻟﻠﻜﺮﻡ ﹰﺎﺷﺮﻳﻔ ﺯﺭ ﻦﻇ ﺳﻮﺀ ﺩﻉ
ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺘﻬﺎ:}،ﱠﻦﻈﺍﻟ ،ﲑﺴﺍﻟ ،ﺍﺭﺪﺍﻟ ،ﻌﻤﺔﻨﺍﻟ ،ﹼﻛﺮﺬﺍﻟ ،ﻼﻝﻀﺍﻟ ،ﲔﺘﺍﻟ ،ﲪﻦﺮﺍﻟ ،ﺪﻕﺼﺍﻟ ،ﹼﻤﺮﺍﺕﺜﺍﻟ ،ﹼﲑﻄﺍﻟ
ﱠﺎﻋﻨﻮﻥﻠﺍﻟ ،ﻴﻄﺎﻥﺸﺍﻟ ،ﻛﺎﺓﺰﺍﻟ{.
ﻧﻭﺑﻴﺎ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻭﻣﻦﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻬﺎ.
ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ
ﺣﺎﻟﺘﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﺍﺀﻥ:ﻭﺗﺮﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﻔﺨﻴﻢ:
ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﺗﻔﺨﻴﻢ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ:
٤-ﳓﻮ ،ﹰﺎﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ}ﲪﻦﺮﺍﻟ{ﳓﻮ ،ﹰﺎﻣﻀﻤﻮﻣ ﺃﻭ:}ﺅﻳﺎﺮﺍﻟ{.
٥-ﳓﻮ ،ﻓﺘﺢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﹰﺎﺳﺎﻛﻨ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ}ﺳﻠﻨﺎﺭﹶﺃ{ﳓﻮ ﺿﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﹰﺎﺳﺎﻛﻨ ﺃﻭ}ﺁﻥﺮﹸﻗ.(
٦-ﹰﺎﺳﺎﻛﻨ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻥﳓﻮ ،ﺃﻟﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ}ﺭﺍﻟﻨﺎ{ﻭﺍﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻭﳓﻮ ،}ﺭﺍﻟﻄﻮ{.
٧-ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻥﳓﻮ ﻋﺎﺭﺽ ﻛﺴﺮ ﻭﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﹰﺎﺳﺎﻛﻨ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ:}ِﻡﺃﺍﺭﺗﺎﺑﻮﺍ{ﻣ ﻛﺴﺮ ﺃﻭﻨﳓﻮ ﻔﺼﻞ:}ﺍﻟﺬﻱﺍﺭﺗﻀﻰ{.
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- 16. ٨-ﰲ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻣﻜﺴﻮﺭ ﻭﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﹰﺎﺳﺎﻛﻨ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻥﻧﻔﺲﳓﻮ ،ﻣﻜﺴﻮﺭ ﻏﲑ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻼﺀ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ:}،ﻃﺎﺱﺮِﻗ
ﺻﺎﺩﺍﺭِﺇ ،ﻗﺔﺮِﻓ ،ﺻﺎﺩﺮِﻤﹾﻟﻟﺒﺎ ،ﺻﺎﺩﺍﺮِﻣ{ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ.
ﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻓﻤﻦﳓﻮ ،ﳌﻔﺨﻢ}ﺮﺇﺑ ،ﻡﺭﺇ ،ﻗﺔﺮِﻓﻗﺎﻥﺮﹸﻓ ،ﻭﺡﺮﺍﻟ ،ﺍﻫﻴﻢ{.
ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ:
١-ﳓﻮ ،ﹰﺍﻣﻜﺴﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ}ِﻳﺒﺔﺭ ،ﻳﺎﺡﺮﺍﻟ{.
٢-ﻛﺴﺮ ﻭﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﹰﺎﺳﺎﻛﻨ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍﺃﺻﻠﻲﳓﻮ ،ﻣﻜﺴﻮﺭ ﻏﲑ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻼﺀ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ}ﻳﺔﺮِﻣ ،ﻋﻮﻥﺮِﻓ{.
٣-ﳓﻮ ،ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﻳﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﹰﺎﻣﺘﻄﺮﻓ ﹰﺎﺳﺎﻛﻨ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ}ِﺒﺧ ،ﺮﻴﺧﲑ{.
٤-ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﳊﻔﺺ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ،ﳑﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ}$yg11•øgxC{.
٥-ﳓﻮ ،ﻣﻜﺴﻮﺭ ﻭﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﻭﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﹰﺎﺳﺎﻛﻨ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ}ﹾﺮﻛﱢﺬﺍﻟ ،ﺮﺤﺴﺍﻟ{.
ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﺗﻔﺨﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻓﻤﻦ.
ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ:
·ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﳚﻮﺯ}ٍﻕﺮِﻓ{ﺍ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻛﺴﺮ ﺑﺴﺒﺐﺍﻟﻘﺎﻑ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﺀ.
·ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻛﻤﺎ:}ﺃﻥ ،ﺮﻓﺄﺳ ،ﺮﻳﺴ ﺇﺫﺍ ،ﺮﹾﻄِﻘﺍﻟ ﻋﲔ ،ﺮِﺼﻣ ﻣﻦ
ﺮﺳﺃ{.
·ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﻣﺎ}ِﺭﹸﺬﻭﻧ{ﹰﺍﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﻻﻗﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺨﻴﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ.
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- 17. ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ
ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ:ﻭ ،ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﲔ ،ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﲔﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﺑﲔ.
ﻫﻲ ﹰﺎﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ:
١-ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺗﺮﻙ.
٢-ﳊﻔﺺ ﺗﺪﻏﻢ ﻻ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ.
٣-ﻟ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡﻳﺪﻏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻠﺤﺮﻑﳓﻮ ،ﹰﺎﻧﺎﻗﺼ ﹰﺎﺇﺩﻏﺎﻣ ﻢ}ﻓﺮﻃﺖ{.
٤-ﻳﺪﻏﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡﹰﻼﻛﺎﻣ ﹰﺎﺇﺩﻏﺎﻣﳓﻮ:}ﳔﻠﻘﻜﻢ{.
ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﲔ ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ:
ﺇﺩ ﻭﻫﻮﺫﺍﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﻏﺎﻡ.
ﳓﻮ}ﱡﻜﻳﺪﺭﻛﻢ{}ﻮﹶﻔﻋﺍﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ{}ﺍﺫﻫﺐﺑﻜﺘﺎﰊ{.
ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﲔ ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ
ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺮﻓﺎﻥ:ﻭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﳐﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﳜﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍﻥ ﺍﳊﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﳘﺎﻓﺎﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ ،ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺾ ﰲ ﳜﺘﻠﻔﺎﻥ:
ﺻﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﹰﺎﳐﺮﺟ ﺍﳊﺮﻓﲔ ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﻫﻮ.
ﺣﻔﺺ ﻭﻳﺪﻏﻢ:
·ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ:}ﻣ ﺍﺭﻛﺐﻌﻨﺎ{.
·ﺍﻟﻈﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻝ:}ﺇﺫﱠﻇﻠﻤﻮﺍ{.
·ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺀ:}ﻳﻠﻬﺚﱠﺫﻟﻚ{.
·ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ:}ﳘﺖﱠﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ{.
·ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ:}ﺃﺛﻘﻠﺖﺩﺃﺟﻴﺒﺖ ،ﺍﷲ ﻋﻮﺍﺩﻋﻮﺗﻜﻤﺎ{.
·ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻝ:}ﻗﺪﺗﺗﻋﻘﺪ ،ﺒﲔَﳝﺎﻥﻷﺍ ﻢ{.
·ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺀ:}ﻓﺮﻃﺘﻢ ،ﻓﺮﻃﺖ ،ﺑﺴﻄﺖ ،ﺃﺣﻄﺖ{.
ﺗﺪﻏﻢ ﻭﻛﻠﻬﺎﺩﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﻭﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﻓﻴﺒﺪﺃ ،ﹰﺎﻧﺎﻗﺼ ﹰﺎﺇﺩﻏﺎﻣ ﻓﻴﺪﻏﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺀ ﺇﻻ ،ﹰﻼﻛﺎﻣ ﹰﺎﺇﺩﻏﺎﻣ
ﻟﻠﻄﺎﺀ ﻗﻠﻘﻠﺔ.
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- 18. ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺎﺭﺑﲔ ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ
ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺎﺭﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺮﻓﺎﻥ:ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺾ ﰲ ﻭﻳﺘﻔﻘﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﳐﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﳜﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍﻥ ﳘﺎ.
ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻟﻼﻡ.
ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺎﺭﺑ ﺍﳊﺮﻓﲔ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺍﺗﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻳﺪﻏﻤﺎﻥ ِﻦﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳ ﲔ،ﻳﺪﻏﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﺑﲔ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ ﻛﻞ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ
ﳏﺪﺩﺓ ﹰﺎﺣﺮﻭﻓ ﻳﺪﻏﻢ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺣﻔﺺ ﻋﻨﺪ.
ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﻣﺜﻞ.
ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ ﻭﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ}ﺭ ﻗﻞﺏ،ﺭ ﺑﻞﺑﻜﻢ{.
ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻑ ﻭﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ}ﳔﻠﻘﻜﻢ{ﺇﺩ ﻭﻳﺪﻏﻢ ﳊﻔﺺ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﻮﹰﻼﻛﺎﻣ ﹰﺎﻏﺎﻣ)ﱡﻜﳔﻠﻢ(.
ﺗﻘﺎﺭ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺣﻔﺺ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺪﻏﻢ ﻻ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﻣﻦﺑـﻬﺎﺍﻟ ﻭﻳﺪﻏﻤﻬﺎﺒﺧﻄﺄ ﻌﺾ:
}ﺻﺮﻓﻨﺎ ﹾﺫﻭﺇ،ﹾﺫﻭﺇﺯﻳﻦ،ﹾﺬﺍﲣﰎ،ﹾﻞﻫﻓﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻯ،ﹾﺫﺇ،ﺃﺧﺘﻚ ﲤﺸﻲﺐﻳﺘ ﱂ ﻭﻣﻦﺍﻟﻈﺎﳌﻮﻥ ﻫﻢ ﻓﺄﻟﺌﻚ،
ﺪﻗﺍﷲ ﲰﻊ{.
****
ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﺪ ﻭﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻻﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻻﻡ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ
ﻻﻡﺍﻷﻣﺮ:ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻟﻴﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻻﻡ ﻫﻲ،ﺍﳉﺰﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻭﲢﻮﻟﻪ،ﻣﻜﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﻻﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ
ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺉ ﺇﺫﺍﺑـﻬﺎ،ﻧﻓﺈ ﻋﻄﻒ ﲝﺮﻑ ﺳﺒﻘﺖ ﻓﺈﻥﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻬﺎ،ﳓﻮ ﰲ ﻛﺴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻓﻤﻦ:
}ﹾﻟﻭﺘﻜﻦﺍﳋﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻥ ﺃﻣﺔ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ{}ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺷﻬﺪ ﻓﻤﻦﹾﻠﻓﻴﺼﻤﻪ{
}ﰒﹾﻟﻴﻘﻀﻮﺍﺗﻔﺜﻬﻢﹾﻟﻭﻴﻮﻓﻮﺍﻧﺬﻭﺭﻫﻢﹾﻟﻭﻓﻮﺍﻮﻴﻄﺍﻟﻌﺘﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ{.
ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ ﻻﻡ:ﻓﺘﻨﺼﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻻﻡ ﻫﻲ،ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﺩ.ﻣﻜﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ.ﻓﻤﻦ
ﻧﺇﺳﻜﺎ ﺍﳋﻄﺄﳓﻮ ﻬﺎ:
}ِﻟﻭﻢﻴﻌﻠﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔِﻟﻭﻢﻴﻌﻠﻧﺎﻓﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ{}ِﻟﻭﺘﻜﻮﻥﻟﻠﻤﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺁﻳﺔ{}ِﻟﻭﺘﻌﻠﻢﺣﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻋﺪ ﺃﻥ{.
ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﺪ ﻻﻡ:ﻭﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ،ﻛﺴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻓﻤﻦﺃﻧﺇﺳﻜﺎ ﻭﻬﺎ:
ﳓﻮ}ﻭﹶﻴﻟﻨﺼﺮﻥﻳﻨﺼﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ{}ﹶﻟﻭﺘﻌﻠﻤﻦﺣﲔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺒﺄﻩ{
}ﹶﻨﻟﻭﺒﻠﻮﻧﻜﻢﻭﺍﻟﺼﺎﺑﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦﺍ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺣﱴ{.
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- 19. ﺍﻟــﻮﻗــــــﻒ
ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ:
·ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒﻟ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻒﺍﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﺮﺳﻢ.
·ﻟﻠﻤﻌﲎ ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ.
·ﺣﻘ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻋﺪﻡﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﰲ ﻬﺎ.
ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻚ:
ﹰﻻﺃﻭ:ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﺭﺳﻢ ﳜﺎﻟﻒ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ:
-ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒﻛﻠﻤﺔ}ﺃﻳﻪ{ﺃﻟﻒ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ)ﺃﻳﻬﺎ(ﻣﻦ}ﹰﺎﲨﻴﻌ ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺗﻮﺑﻮﺍﻪﺃﻳﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ{]ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ:٣١[
ﰲ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ}ﻳﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍﻪﺃﻳﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺮ{]ﺍﻟﺰﺧﺮﻑ:٤٩[ﰲ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ}ﻟﻜﻢ ﺳﻨﻔﺮﻍﻪﺃﻳﺍﻟﺜﻘﻼﻥ{]ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ:٣١[.
-ﺮﻭﺭﺓﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ)ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻃﺔ(ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﺭﲰﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﰲ ﺑﺎﳍﺎﺀﳓﻮ:}ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻬﻢ ﹰﺎﻛﺘﺎﺑ ﺁﺗﻴﻨﺎﻫﻢ ﺃﻡ
ﻋﻠﻰٍﺖﺑﻴﻨﻣﻨﻪ{]ﻓﺎﻃﺮ٤٧[}ﺮﻓﻭﹲﻥﻭﺭﳛﺎ ﺡﺖﻭﺟﻨﻧﻌﻴﻢ{]ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ:٨٩[ﻭﺃﻣﺜﺎﳍﺎﳑﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺎ
)ﺮﻭﺭﺓﺍ.(
-ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒﻧﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻟﺔ ﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓﺍﳌﻘﻄﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻬﺎ:
ﳓﻮ)ﻛﺎﻟﻮ(ﻭ)ﻭﺯﻧﻮ(ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ}ﻭﺇﺫﺍﻛﺎﻟﻮﻫﻢﺃﻭﻭﺯﻧﻮﻫﻢﳜﺴﺮﻭﻥ{.
ﻭﻛﺬﺍﳓﻮ:)ﻳﻮﻡ(ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ}ﻣﻦ ﻛﻔﺮﻭﺍ ﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻓﻮﻳﻞِﻣﻳﻮﻬﻢ{.
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ)ﺃﺣﺪ(ﻣﻦ}ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺇﱐﺪﺃﺣﻋﺸﺮﹰﺎﻛﻮﻛﺒ{ﻭﻋﻠﻰ)ﺗﺴﻌﺔ(ﻣﻦ}ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎﺸﹶﻋﺔﺗﺴﻌﺮ{
ﺍﻟﻮ ﻓﻴﺠﺐﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹰﺎﺩﺍﺋﻤ ﻗﻒ.
ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﰲ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﰲ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ،ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﻮﻗﻒ
ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺔ ﺭﲰﻬﺎﳓﻮ ،}ﻟﻜﻴﻼﻓﺎﺗﻜﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﺳﻮ{.
ﺍﳉﺰﺃﻳﻦ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﺭﲰﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺃﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻳﻮﻗﻒ،ﳓﻮ:}ﺑﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺃﳕﺎ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﺠﻴﺒﻮﺍ ﱂ ﻓﺈﻥ
ﺍﷲﻻ ﻭﺃﻥﻫﻮ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ{]ﻫﻮﺩ١٤.[
ﻭﳓﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻛﺎﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺄﻥ ﹰﺎﻋﻠﻤ،ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺃﻭ،ﺃﻣﺎ
ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﰲ.ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﺍﷲ.
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- 20. ﹰﺎﺛﺎﻧﻴ:ﻟﻠﻤﻌﲎ ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ:
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﻟﻮﻗﻒ)ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻴﻲ(ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ}ﻭﺍﷲﻳﺴﺘﺤﻴﻲ ﻻﺍﳊﻖ ﻣﻦ{.
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ)ﲪﻠﺘﻪ(ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ}ﻛﻤﺎ ﹰﺍﺇﺻﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﻻﲢﻤﻞ ﺭﺑﻨﺎﲪﻠﺘﻪﻗﺒﻠﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ{.
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ)ﻫﺬﺍ(ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ:}ﺧﻠﻘﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺑﻨﺎﻫﺬﺍﺑﺎﻃﻼ{.
ﹰﺎﺛﺎﻟﺜ:ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﰲ ﺣﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻋﺪﻡ:
ﺍﳌﺸﺪﺩ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﺜﻞﳓﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﻟﺪﻯ}ﺃﻣﺮ ﻛﻞﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘ{}ﻳﺼ ﱂ ﻓﺈﻥﺒـﻬﺎﻭﺍﺑﻞﱞﻞﻓﻄ{
}ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﺨﺒﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﺬﻱﺲﺍﳌ{}ﻟﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺇﻥﻭﻋﺪ{}ﻳﺎ ﺧﻄﺒﻚ ﻓﻤﺎﻱﺳﺎﻣﺮ{ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ
ﺑﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﺪﺩ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻛﻠﻪﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﰲ ﹰﻼﻗﻠﻴ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻳﺴﻤﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ،
ﺍﻷﺻﻮﺍﺕ)ﺍﻟﻨﱪ(.
ﺍﻻﺑــﺘـــﺪﺍﺀ
ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻳﺮﺍﻋﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻳﺮﺍﻋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﻋﻠﻰ،ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﻔﺴﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﻓﻼ.
ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻔﻲ:}ﺃﻏﻨﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﳓﻦ ﻓﻘﲑ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﲰﻊ ﻟﻘﺪ{ﻣﻦ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺢ ﻻ)ﺍﷲ ﺇﻥ
ﻓﻘﲑ(ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻳﻔﺴﺪ ﻷﻧﻪ
ﰲ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ}ﻛﻔﺮ ﻟﻘﺪﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ{ﺑـ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺢ ﻻ)ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻥ(ﻷﻧﻪ
ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻳﻔﺴﺪ.
ﰲ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ}ﻣﻐﻠﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ{ﺑـ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺢ ﻻ)ﻣﻐﻠﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺪ(ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻳﻔﺴﺪ ﻷﻧﻪ.
ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ}ﺇﳍ ﻭﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻚ ﻭﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﳍﻚ ﻧﻌﺒﺪ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺎ{ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺢ ﻻ
ﺑـ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ)ﻭﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍ ﺇﳍﺎ(ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻳﻔﺴﺪ ﻷﻧﻪ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ)ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ(ﺑ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀـ}ﹰﺍﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺎﺇﳍ
ﻣﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻭﳓﻦ{.
ﳊﻔﺺ ﺎﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎ ﳚﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ
·ﻛﻠﻤﺔ}ﺗﺄﻣﻨﺎ{]ﻳﻮﺳﻒ١١[ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﺱ ﺍﻹﴰﺎﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﳚﺐ.
ﻭﺍﻹﴰﺎﻡ:ﺻﻮﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻤﺔ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺘﲔ ﺿﻢ ﻫﻮ.
ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﺱ:ﺍﻹﺮﺍﻟ ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﲜﺰﺀ ﺗﻴﺎﻥﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻡ.
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- 21. ·ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ}ﹶﺍﺃﻋﺠﻤﻲ{ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ}ﺃﻋ ﹰﺎﻗﺮﺁﻧ ﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎﻩ ﻭﻟﻮﺁﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻟﻮﻻ ﻟﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﹰﺎﺠﻤﻴ
ﹶﺍﺃﻋﺠﻤﻲﻭﻋﺮﰊ{]ﻓﺼﻠﺖ٤٤.[
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ:ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺪ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻭ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ ﺑﲔ ﹲﻆﻟﻔﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ.
·ﺇﻣﺎﻟﺔﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ{$yg11•øgxC}]ﻫﻮﺩ٤١[.
ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻟﺔ:ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺑﲔ ﻭﺳﻂ ﻟﻔﻆ.
·ﻬﺎﻤﻭﺿ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺩ ﺢﻓﺘﰲﻛﻠﻤﱵ}ﺿﻌﻒ،ﺿﻌﻔﺎ{]ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ٥٤[،}ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻘﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﷲَﺿﻌﻒﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻌﻞ ﰒ
َﺿﻌﻒﻗﻮﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻌﻞ ﰒ ﻗﻮﺓَﺿﹰﺎﻌﻔﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺸﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﳜﻠﻖ ﻭﺷﻴﺒﺔ{.
·ﻳﺒﺼﻂﺑﺎﻟﺼﺎ ﺗﻜﺘﺐﺑﺎﻟﺴﲔ ﻭﺗﻘﺮﺃ ﺩ}ﻳﻘﺒﺾ ﻭﺍﷲﻭﻳﺒﺴﻂ{]ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ٢٤٥[.
·ﺑﺼﻄﺔﺑﺎﻟﺴﲔ ﻭﺗﻘﺮﺃ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺎﺩ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ}ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﰲ ﻭﺯﺍﺩﻛﻢﺑﺴﻄﺔ{]ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑ٦٩.[
·ﺍﳌﺼﻴﻄﺮﻭﻥﻭﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﲔ ﻭﺗﻘﺮﺃ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺎﺩ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ}ﻫﻢ ﺃﻡ ﺭﺑﻚ ﺧﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﺃﻡﺍﳌﺼﻴﻄﺮﻭﻥ:ﺍﳌﺴﻴﻄﺮﻭﻥ{
]ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺭ٣٧.[
·ﲟﺼﻴﻄﺮ:ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺗﻘﺮﺃ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺎﺩ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ}ﻋﻠ ﻟﺴﺖﻴﻬﻢﲟﺼﻴﻄﺮ{]ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺷﻴﺔ٢٢[.
ﺍﳋـﺎﺗـﻤـﺔ
،ﺍﷲ ﺭﺳﻞ ﺧﺎﰎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﷲ ﺍﳊﻤﺪﻭﺑﻌﺪ:
ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﲨﻌﻪ ﱄ ﺗﻴﺴﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻬﺬﺍﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺍﳌﻮﱃ ﹰﻼﺳﺎﺋ ،ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ ﻣﻦ ﱄ ﹰﺍﺫﺧﺮ ﻭﳚﻌﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻨﻔﻊ
ﳑﺎﰐ.
،ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﺧﻄﺄﺕ ﻭﺇﻥ ،ﺍﷲ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺻﺒﺖ ﻓﺈﻥﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﺗﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ.
ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺪﺕ ﻭﻗﺪﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻜﻲ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ،ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏﺍﳉـﺰﺭﻱ ﺍﺑـﻦ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ،
ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏﻭﻏﲑﻫ ،ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﻗﺴﻲﻭﺇﺧـﻮﺍﱐ ﻣﺸﺎﺋﺨﻲ ﻧﺼﺎﺋﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺳﺘﻐﲏ ﻻ ﺃﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ ،ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺎ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻦﻭﻓﻘﻨﺎﺍﷲﹰﺎﲨﻴﻌﳛ ﳌﺎﻭﻳﺮﺿﺎﻩ ﺐ.
ﻭﺁﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﺭﺏ ﷲ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﺧﺮ.
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- 22. ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ
ﺍﻟـﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ...............................٥
ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﳐﺎﺭﺝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ.........٦
ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺝ:ﺍﳉﻮﻑ:....................٧
ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ)ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ(................٨
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺝ:ﺍﳊﻠﻖ:.....................٩
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺝ:ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ:.................١٢
ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺝ:ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺘﺎﻥ:.................١٨
ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺝ:ﺍﳋﻴﺸﻮﻡ:...............١٩
ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ........................٢٠
ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻮﻳﺪ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺏ....................٢٢
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ...........٢٢
ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ....................٢٤
ﺍﻟـﻤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﺎﺏ.........................٢٥
ﹰﻼﻭﺻ ﻭﺗﺴﻘﻂ ﹰﺎﻭﻗﻔ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﺕ٢٩
ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﳘﺰﺓ............................٣٠
ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﰲ ِﻞﺍﻟﻮﺻ ِﺓﳘﺰ ﹸﺔﺣﺮﻛ:...........٣٠
ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﳘﺰﺓ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ:..........٣٠
ﺍﻟﻼﻡ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ............................٣٢
ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ............................٣٢
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ...........................٣٤
ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﲔ ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ:........................٣٤
ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﲔ ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ........................٣٤
ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺎﺭﺑﲔ ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ.........................٣٥
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- 23. ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﺪ ﻭﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻻﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻻﻡ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ٣٥
ﺍﻟــﻮﻗــــــﻒ...............٣٦
ﹰﻻﺃﻭ:ﺍﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﺭﺳﻢ ﳜﺎﻟﻒ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ:٣٦
ﹰﺎﺛﺎﻧﻴ:ﻟﻠﻤﻌﲎ ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ:..............٣٧
ﹰﺎﺛﺎﻟﺜ:ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﰲ ﺣﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻋﺪﻡ:٣٧
ﺍﻻﺑــﺘـــﺪﺍﺀ.....................٣٧
ﳊﻔﺺ ﺎﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎ ﳚﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ............٣٧
ﺍﳋـﺎﺗـﻤـﺔ..........................٣٨
ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ......................... :.................٨٨
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