2. The Great War / World War I /
The War to end all wars
3. World War II – “Theaters” in
Europe, the Pacific, N. Africa,
etc.
4. What do you know about
World War I and World War II?
In your notebooks, brainstorm
what you know about
• Causes:
• Sides of the war:
• Who won:
• Why the winners won:
• Results:
• You have 5 minutes . . .GO!
6. Remember:
Wars have political
results.
(For example . . . )
British soldiers from India in
WWI= Indian Independence?
African-American tank corps in WWII=
Civil Rights Movement?
Some governments gained
power as they controlled the
war effort. Some governments
fell at the end of the war.
7. Remember: War has
a significant
impact on civilians,
economies, and
governments.
9. The Great War / World War I
1914-1918
U.S. was directly
involved: 1917-1918
10. World War II
1937 to 1945 in Asia
1939 to 1945 in
Europe and Africa
U.S. was directly
involved: 1941-1945
11. World War I - overview
• Global conflict between the “Central
Powers” and the “Allies.”
• The first global modern war.
12. World War I - overview
• Central Powers:
Germany, Austria-
Hungary, and the
Ottoman Empire
• Allies: France,
Russia, Great Britain,
Japan, Italy, Belgium
(and later the U.S.)
and others The Western Front
13. World War II - overview
• Global conflict between the “Axis Powers”
and the “Allies.” Most extensive of all wars.
14. World War II - overview
• Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, and Italy
• Allies: France, Great Britain, Soviet Union,
the U.S. and others
18. The Environment for the Great
War was created by
• ALLIANCES
In order to balance power and “protect”
themselves, the nations of Europe had
joined in military alliances with other
nations.
24. There were of course many other
contributing factors to the outbreak of
WWI, for example:
List of Events:
1870-1871: Franco-Prussian War
1899-1900: Boer War
1900: German Navy Law
1905-6:First Moroccan Crisis
1908: Daily Telegraph article
1908-9:Bosnian Crisis
1911:Agadir Affair (Second Moroccan Crisis)
1912: First Balkan War
1913: Second Balkan War
These are examples of conflicts and increased tensions
between major European powers prior to the outbreak of
the First World War.
25. Game on!
• Assassination
of Archduke of
Austria-
Hungary by a
Serbian
nationalist –
the incident
that sparked
the conflict?
26.
27. Game on!
• Germany assured Austria-Hungary of
full assistance in a war.
• Austria-Hungary declared war on
Serbia.
• Russia declared war on Austria-
Hungary.
• Germany declared war on Russia and
France.
28.
29. • The Ottoman Empire declared war on
Russia and the other Allies in hopes of
regaining land it had lost.
• Germany moved troops into Belgium to
invade France. Belgians resisted.
30. • Belgium and Great Britain declared war
on Germany and the other Central
Powers.
• AUGUST, 1914 – The Great War began!
31. WWI - “A Family Feud”
Central Powers:
• Wilhelm II - the
Kaiser of Germany
• Franz Joseph - the
Emperor of Austria-
Hungary
Allies:
• Nicholas II - the Tsar
of Russia
• George V - King of
England
• Albert - King of
Belgium
• Wilhelm II, Nicholas
II, and George V were
COUSINS
• Albert was their
SECOND COUSIN
• Franz Joseph was their
GREAT UNCLE
ALSO:
• Alexandra, Nicholas
II’s wife, was a cousin
of Wilhelm II, George
V, and her husband
Nicholas II.
• She was a German
princess.
32.
33. “The War (WWI) was decided in the
first twenty days of fighting, and all
that happened afterwards consisted
in battles which, however formidable
and devastating, were but desperate
and vain appeals against the decision
of Fate.”
Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965), British
statesman, writer. Preface to E. L. Spears,
Liaison 1914 (1930).
34. • In 1917, Russia withdrew because of
revolution/civil war in Russia
• The U.S. joined the Allies because of
the “Rape of Belgium,” German
unrestricted submarine warfare, & the
Zimmerman telegram.
39. The Environment for
World War II was created by:
• Resentment
about the Treaty
of Versailles – in
the peace treaty that
ended WWI, Germany
was severely
punished, and Italy &
Japan didn’t gain the
territory they thought
they deserved.
40. Environment for WAR:
• Global Economic Depression – the
most severe and widespread economic
crisis of history took place in the 1930s.
41. Environment for WAR:
• Economic problems allowed leaders with
radical ideas to gain a following in Germany,
Italy, Japan, Spain, and elsewhere.
44. Fascism
• What does Fascism mean? An extreme-right
totalitarian political regime ideologically based
on centralized government, violently repressing
any criticism or opposition of the regime. A
leader cult and exalting nation-state and/or
religion above individual rights. Originally
applied (usually capitalized) to Benito
Mussolini's Italy. By vague analogy, any system
of strong autocracy or oligarchy usually to the
extent of bending and breaking the law, race-
baiting and violence against largely unarmed
populations.
45. Environment for WAR:
• German, Japanese, Italian, (& Soviet Russia)
militarism, nationalism, and desire for
territory.
52. Britain, France, and the U.S. did NOT
want war again (for economic, political,
social reasons).
53. World leaders and World Opinion
included ideas that . . .
• Germany was wronged in the Treaty of
Versailles. Germans should be united.
• Hitler was better than Stalin. Maybe
they’ll destroy each other?
• Some thought, “It’s a European
problem / Asian problem”.
• War is being pushed by capitalists who
want to make money.
54. And then war came to them . . .
• Japan invaded China in
force in 1937.
• Nazi Germany invaded
Poland in 1939.
• Nazi Germany and Italy
invaded France and
everywhere else they
could.
• Japan attacked Pearl
Harbor in 1941 and
everywhere else they
could.
61. Both WARS
• Global conflicts with huge costs
• Mass production of mass destruction!
• New weapons and technology
• More men and more material meant
more victories.
• TOTAL WAR – attacks on civilians, use
of media and propaganda, government
control of economy for war
62. World War I - Warfare
• Trench warfare
• Stalemate along the Western Front
• War of attrition – neither side gaining
ground but war casualties very high.
• Tactics were old-school.
63.
64.
65.
66. World War I - Warfare
• Chemical Weapons – mustard gas and
chlorine gas
• New weapons of war – machine guns,
airplanes, tanks, submarines,
flamethrowers, l o n g range artillery
67.
68.
69. World War II Warfare
• Fast moving air, sea, and land tactics –
new school
• Surprise attack and covert
communications & operations
70.
71.
72.
73. World War II Warfare
• Truly global approach to offensive
operations
74.
75.
76. World War II Warfare
• Amphibious warfare (D-Day and Island
Hopping)
90. • International organizations – League of
Nations, UN
• New powers emerged – the U.S. in both wars,
Japan after WWI, Soviet Union after WWII
• WAR! World War II and the Cold War?