All about Android gadgets and phones. Learn more about it with this slide.

1. Android and Android
Phones

2. What is Android?
• a Linux-based operating system for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet
computers, developed by Google in conjunction with the Open Handset Alliance.
Android was initially developed by Android Inc., whom Google financially backed
and later purchased in 2005.The unveiling of the Android distribution in 2007 was
announced with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of
86 hardware, software, and telecommunication companies devoted to
advancing open standards for mobile devices. Google releases the Android code
as open-source, under the Apache License. The Android Open Source
Project (AOSP) is tasked with the maintenance and further development of Android.
• Android has a large community of developers writing applications ("apps") that extend
the functionality of the devices. Developers write primarily in a customized version
of Java, and apps can be downloaded from online stores such as Google Play
(formerly Android Market), the app store run by Google, or third-party sites. In June
2012, there were more than 600,000 apps available for Android, and the estimated
number of applications downloaded from Google Play was 20 billion.
• Android became the world’s leading smartphone platform at the end of 2010.[ For
the first quarter of 2012, Android had a 59% smartphone market share worldwide. At
the half of 2012, there were 400 million devices activated and 1 million activations
per day.

3. History of Android

4. Foundation &
Google Acquisition
• Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California, United States in October 2003 by Andy Rubin (co-founder
of Danger), Rich Miner(co-founder of Wildfire Communications, Inc.), Nick Sears(once VP at T-Mobile), and
Chris White (headed design and interface development at WebTV) to develop, in Rubin's words "...smarter
mobile devices that are more aware of its owner's location and preferences". Despite the obvious past
accomplishments of the founders and early employees, Android Inc. operated secretly, revealing only that it was
working on software for mobile phones. That same year, Rubin ran out of money. Steve Perlman, a close friend
of Rubin, brought him $10,000 in cash in an envelope and refused a stake in the company.
• Google acquired Android Inc. on August 17, 2005, making Android Inc. a wholly owned subsidiary of Google.
Key employees of Android Inc., including Andy Rubin, Rich Miner and Chris White, stayed at the company after
the acquisition. Not much was known about Android Inc. at the time of the acquisition, but many assumed that
Google was planning to enter the mobile phone market with this move.[
• At Google, the team led by Rubin developed a mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel. Google
marketed the platform to handset makers and carriers on the promise of providing a flexible, upgradable system.
Google had lined up a series of hardware component and software partners and signaled to carriers that it was
open to various degrees of cooperation on their part.[Speculation about Google's intention to enter the mobile
communications market continued to build through December 2006.Reports from the BBC and The Wall Street
Journal noted that Google wanted its search and applications on mobile phones and it was working hard to deliver
that. Print and online media outlets soon reported rumors that Google was developing a Google-branded handset.
Some speculated that as Google was defining technical specifications, it was showing prototypes to cell phone
manufacturers and network operators.
• In September 2007, InformationWeek covered an Evalueserve study reporting that Google had filed
several patent applications in the area of mobile telephony.

5. Open Handset Alliance &
Android Open Source Project
• On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of several companies which
include Broadcom Corporation, Google, HTC, Intel, LG, Marvell Technology
Group,Motorola, Nvidia, Qualcomm, Samsung Electronics, Sprint Nextel, T-Mobile and Texas
Instruments unveiled itself. The goal of the Open Handset Alliance is to develop open
standards for mobile devices. On the same day, the Open Handset Alliance also unveiled its
first product, Android, a mobile device platform built on the Linux kernel version 2.6.
• On December 9, 2008, 14 new members joined, including ARM Holdings, Atheros
Communications, Asustek Computer Inc, Garmin Ltd, Huawei
Technologies, PacketVideo, Softbank, Sony Ericsson, Toshiba Corp, and Vodafone Group Plc.
• The Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is led by Google, and is tasked with the
maintenance and development of Android.According to the project "The goal of the Android
Open Source Project is to create a successful real-world product that improves the mobile
experience for end users."[AOSP also maintains the Android Compatibility Program, defining
an "Android compatible" device "as one that can run any application written by third-party
developers using the Android SDK and NDK", to prevent incompatible Android
implementations. The compatibility program is also optional and free of charge, with
the Compatibility Test Suite also free and open-source.

6. Design
• Android consists of a kernel based on the Linux kernel
2.6 and Linux Kernel 3.x (Android 4.0
onwards), with middleware, libraries and APIs written
in C and application software running on an application
framework which includes Java-compatible libraries based
on Apache Harmony. Android uses the Dalvik virtual
machine with just-in-time compilation to run Dalvik dex-
code (Dalvik Executable), which is usually translated
from Java bytecode.
• The main hardware platform for Android is the ARM
architecture. There is support for x86 from the Android
x86 project, and Google TV uses a special x86 version of
Android.

7. Features
1) Handset layouts
• The platform is adaptable to larger, VGA, 2D graphics library, 3D graphics library based on OpenGL ES 2.0 specifications, and
traditional smartphone layouts.
2) Storage
• SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage purposes.
3) Connectivity
• Android supports connectivity technologies including GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-
Fi, LTE, NFC and WiMAX.
4) Messaging
• SMS and MMS are available forms of messaging, including threaded text messaging and Android Cloud To Device
Messaging (C2DM) and now enhanced version of C2DM, Android Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) is also a part of Android Push
Messaging service.
5)Multiple language support
• Android supports multiple languages.
6)Web browser
• The web browser available in Android is based on the open-source WebKit layout engine, coupled with Chrome's V8 JavaScript
engine. The browser scores 100/100 on the Acid test on Android 4.0.
7) Java support
• While most Android applications are written in Java, there is no Java Virtual Machine in the platform and Java byte code is not
executed. Java classes are compiled into Dalvik executables and run on Dalvik, a specialized virtual machine designed specifically
for Android and optimized for battery-powered mobile devices with limited memory and CPU. J2ME support can be provided via
third-party applications.
8) Media support
• Android supports the following audio/video/still media formats: WebM, H.263, H.264 (in 3GP or MP4 container), MPEG-4
SP, AMR, AMR-WB (in 3GP container), AAC, HE-AAC(in MP4 or 3GP container), MP3, MIDI, Ogg
Vorbis, FLAC, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP, WebP.

8. Features
9) Streaming media support
• RTP/RTSP streaming (3GP PSS, ISMA), HTML progressive download (HTML5 <video> tag). Adobe Flash Streaming
(RTMP) and HTTP Dynamic Streaming are supported by the Flash plugin. Apple HTTP Live Streaming is supported
by RealPlayer for Android, and by the operating system in Android 3.0 (Honeycomb).
10) Additional hardware support
• Android can use video/still cameras, touchscreens, GPS, accelerometers, gyroscopes, barometers, magnetometers, dedicated
gaming controls, proximity and pressure sensors, thermometers, accelerated 2D bit blits (with hardware
orientation, scaling, pixel format conversion) and accelerated 3D graphics.
11)Multi-touch
• Android has native support for multi-touch which was initially made available in handsets such as the HTC Hero. The feature
was originally disabled at the kernel level (possibly to avoid infringing Apple's patents on touch-screen technology at the
time Google has since released an update for the Nexus One and the Motorola Droid which enables multi-touch natively.
12)Bluetooth
• Supports A2DP, AVRCP, sending files (OPP), accessing the phone book (PBAP), voice dialing and sending contacts between
phones. Keyboard, mouse and joystick (HID) support is available in Android 3.1+, and in earlier versions through manufacturer
customizations and third-party applications.
13)Video calling
• Android does not support native video calling, but some handsets have a customized version of the operating system that
supports it, either via the UMTS network (like the Samsung Galaxy S) or over IP. Video calling through Google Talk is available
in Android 2.3.4 and later. Gingerbread allows Nexus S to place Internet calls with a SIP account. This allows for enhanced
VoIP dialing to other SIP accounts and even phone numbers. Skype 2.1 offers video calling in Android 2.3, including front
camera support.
14) Multitasking
• Multitasking of applications, with unique handling of memory allocation, is available.
15)Voice based features
• Google search through voice has been available since initial release.Voice actions for calling, texting, navigation, etc. are
supported on Android 2.2 onwards.

9. Features
16) Tethering
• Android supports tethering, which allows a phone to be used as a wireless/wired Wi-
Fi hotspot. Before Android 2.2 this was supported by third-party applications or
manufacturer customizations.
17)Screen capture
• Android supports capturing a screenshot by pressing the power and volume-down
buttons at the same time. Prior to Android 4.0, the only methods of capturing a
screenshot were through manufacturer and third-party customizations or otherwise by
using a PC connection (DDMS developer's tool). These alternative methods are still
available with the latest Android.
18)External storage
• Most Android devices include microSD slot and can read microSD cards formatted
with FAT32, Ext3 or Ext4 file system. To allow use of high-capacity storage media
such asUSB flash drives and USB HDDs, many Android tablets also include USB 'A'
receptacle. Storage formatted with FAT32 is handled by Linux Kernel VFAT
driver, while 3rd party solutions are required to handle other popular file systems
such as NTFS, HFS Plus and exFAT.

10. Uses
• While Android is designed primarily for smartphones and tablets, the
open and customizable nature of the operating system allows it to be used
on other electronics, including laptops and netbooks, smartbooks ebook
readers, and smart TVs (Google TV). Further, the OS has seen niche
applications on wristwatches, headphones, car CD and DVD players, smart
glasses (Project Glass), refrigerators, vehicle satnav systems, home
automation systems, games consoles, mirrors,cameras,portable media
players, landlines, and treadmills.The first commercially available phone to
run Android was the HTC Dream, released on October 22, 2008. In early
2010 Google collaborated with HTC to launch its flagship Android
device, the Nexus One. This was followed later in 2010 with the Samsung-
made Nexus S and in 2011 with the Galaxy Nexus.
• iOS and Android 2.3.3 'Gingerbread' may be set up to dual boot on
a jailbroken iPhone or iPod Touch with the help of OpeniBoot and iDroid.

11. What is Android Phone?

12. • An Android phone is a smartphone running on
Google's open-source Android operating system. Many
different manufacturers make Android
phones, including HTC, Motorola, and Samsung.
Dozens and dozens of different Android phones are
now available, and all of the major cellular carriers in the
U.S. offer Android phones.
• Originally derived from the Linux desktop operating
system, Android is a customizable platform that can look
and feel very different on very different handsets. That
means that an HTC Android phone will look and
operate differently than an Android phone made by
Samsung. It also means that an HTC Android phone
from T-Mobile won't be exactly like an HTC Android
phone that runs on Sprint's network.

13. • Still, all Android phones do share some common
features. All of them have touchscreens. Some also
have hardware keyboards, but not all of them do.
All come with a desktop that is made up of a
certain number of screens (some Android phones
have 3, others have 5, while still others have 7) that
you can customize to your liking. You can
populate screens with shortcuts to apps or widgets
that display news headlines, search boxes, or more.
• All Android phones also offer access to the
Android Market, where you can download
Android apps. As of this writing, more than
150,000 apps are available in the Android
Market.

14. R A
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15. • Google's Android operating system is an open-source
platform that's currently available on a wide variety of
smartphones. Android has its advantages -- it's highly
customizable, for one -- but it's also somewhat geeky
software that can seem intimidating to smartphone
newbies.
• Android is available on a variety of
handsets, including Google's Nexus One (which is
manufactured by HTC) and Verizon's Motorola
Droid. The open nature of the Android platform
allows handset manufacturers to customize the
software for use on their handsets. As a result, the
Android software can look and feel very different on
different handsets.

16. Customizable Interface

17. • All Android smartphones are touch-screen devices;
some -- but not all -- have hardware keyboards, too. All
come with a desktop that is made up of a certain number
of screens (some Android phones have 3, others have
5, while still others have 7) that you can customize to
your liking. You can populate screens with shortcuts to
apps or widgets that display news headlines, search
boxes, or more. The customization is certainly a bonus;
no other smartphone platform offers as much flexibility
in setting up your desktop screens to your liking.
• In addition to using shortcuts on your various screens for
accessing apps and files, Android also offers a
comprehensive menu. You access the menu in different
ways on different phones, but none of them make it
difficult to find. From the menu, you can click on the
small but neatly organized icons to access apps and
features like the Android Market.

18. • The Android interface will vary slightly from phone to
phone, but, in general, the software itself has become
more polished looking over time. The first
version, which I reviewed on theT-Mobile G1 more
than a year ago, was somewhat rough around the
edges, appearance wise. The latest version, 2.1, which
I tested on the new Nexus One, is far sleeker looking.
• But even in its latest version, the Android interface
lacks some of the polish and pizzazz found in two of
its key rivals: Apple's iPhone OS and Palm's webOS.
Both of these platforms look more elegant than
Android. The iPhone OS, in particular, is a bit more
intuitive to use; getting comfortable with Android can
take more time and practice.

19. Application
• Android's open nature means that almost anyone can
create an application to run on it. And you will find a
growing selection of titles available in the Android
Market, the platform's answer to Apple's App Store.
Android supports multi-tasking, too, so you can run
multiple apps at once. This means you can open a Web
page, for example, and as it loads, check for incoming e-
mail. It's handy.
• Android also has the benefit of being closely tied to
Google; the company offers lots of excellent mobile
apps. Some, like Google Maps, are available on different
mobile platforms, but others, like the excellent Google
Maps Navigation (beta), are only available on Android
phones.

20. References
• http://cellphones.about.com/od/softwarerevi
ews/fr/google-android-os-review.htm
• http://eglobiotraining.com
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operati
ng_system)

21. Presented by:
Ortega, Abigail M.
FM12103