SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 21
Baixar para ler offline
Knowledge Management for Health Informatics
                                            HINF 6230

© Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230                                                 1
What is Hypothyroidism
    Biochemical and physiologic complex

    when inadequate serum levels of thyroid
    hormone are present.
•   Common disorder
    • Synthroid one of most commonly prescribed
     drugs in Canada
     • Seven million prescriptions last year

     • Rising at 12% per year

                    © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230   2
Incidence
  Congenital                  1 : 5000 births

 Under age 20                1 : 1500
 Over age 20                 1 : 150
 Over age 60                 1 : 50
 Male / female               1:5


    Basal metabolic rate can fall as low as 40        %




                     © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230       3
Differential diagnosis




             © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230   4
Signs and Symptoms
    Dry skin
    Weight gain with decreased appetite / weakness
    Reflexes depressed
    Hoarseness / hair loss / hypotension
    Thick hair with loss of lateral eyebrow hair
    Puffiness of face, proximal muscle weakness
    Constipation
    Intolerance to cold
    Bradycardia
     Tongue enlarged – macroglossia
 
    Menorrhagia or Amenorrhea
    Obese
    Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperprolactinemia


                      © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230   5
Hypothyroidism and Depression

  Both have in common

 So, this depression and other complication
  should be treated by:
     Choice of medication
     Adjustment of Therapy
     Follow-up care




                       © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230   6
Hormones for Treatment
    Maintain metabolic homeostasis by

    regulating:
     Intermediary metabolism
     Body weight
     Oxygen requirements
     Body temperature
    control of growth, reproduction and

    differentiation


                    © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230   7
Some of the Problems:
  Actual content of thyroid hormone varies

  considerably from manufacturer to
  manufacturer and even within product.
 Patients switched from one product to
  another showed insignificance variations in
  thyroid function
 Life long Treatment – Needs to be
  monitored continuously for better treatment
  results
 Thus, we need to solve this treatment
  problem


                  © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230   8
How do we solve these
problems?
                  By remembering how we solved a similar
            
                  problem in the past
                  In other words, Case Based Reasoning
            
                  (CBR)!
                   memory-based problem-solving (Retrival)
                   re-using past experiences

                  Experts often find it easier to relate stories
            
                  about past cases than to formulate rules
© Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF
6230                                9
CBR Solving Problems
                                                           Solution
                                          Review
               Retain



                                                   Adapt
   Database


                         Retrieve
                         Similar
     New
     Problem
                  © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230                      10
CBR Assumption
                  New problem can be solved by
            
                     retrieving similar problems
                     adapting retrieved solutions
                  Similar problems have similar solutions
            

                            P  P      P
                             ?                 PP
                  P         PP
                                      P


                                                        S
                                 SX                         S
                                               S    S
                            SS        S             S
© Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF
6230                                      11
The Challenge of Adaptation in
Medicine
  Cased-Based Reasoning seems to be a

  suitable technique for medical
  knowledge based systems. However,
  the adaptation task is “the bottleneck”
  that has to be solved
 Every body is unique
 Which patient with how much dose and
  how it can be treated.


                 © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230   12
One of the greatest limitations of the

  CBR and its system is its close
  relationship with the kind of problem to
  be solved. This proximity to the problem
  found also in how information is
  represented in the case base.
 In Medicine, solutions have to be
  absolutely correct
 Many details and complex features
  (interactions, exceptions, contradictions)



                  © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230   13
The Cycle of Hypothyroid CBR
Problem-Solution
                                                                            Solution
                                                          Review
                                 Retain
                                                                          Here we go!
                                                                          New solution….
                                  What kind of
                                                              Adapt
                                  patients treated with
        Database                   which does and what
                                  special prescription
                                                                      Similar problem
                                                                      to similar solution,
                                      Retrieve                        but take uniqueness
                                                                       into account


                     New                 Patients who got solutions
                                         with similar problem
                     Problem
© Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230                      14
The Possible Adaptation for
Hypothyroidism
  Abstraction and Hypothyroidism (In form

  of Guidelines)
 Constraints and Hypothyroidism (For
  Initial Therapy)
 Compositional Adaptation and
  Hypothyroidism (Especially for dose
  calculations)



                 © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230   15
Issue of Representation
  XML has become the standard for data

  and document delivery on the web
 Cross-platform and extensible
 It is well supported and there is a large
  toolset of XML technologies
     XML parsers, XML Schema, XML
     transforms, stylesheets and more




                    © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230   16
CBML Document Hierarchy

         CBML schema            Case structure             Case content
        document (XSL)          document (XML)            document (XML)




•The CBML (XML-based Case Mark-Up
Language) Schema document
  An XML Schema document describing the syntax
  of the case structure document
  Static, globally available document
•The Case Structure document
•The Case Content document

                         © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230                    17
Case Representation
          feature-value representation
        
         Example
                                                          case
                             problem                                                                                          solution                                            extra info
                                                                                                                                                                                    tablet
                              drug                                         filler binder lubricant disintegrant surfactant
                                                                                                                                                                                  properties




                                                                 dose
                                                                        excipient


                                                                                             excipient


                                                                                                                  excipient




                                                                                                                                        excipient




                                                                                                                                                             excipient
                                                                                    amount


                                                                                                         amount



                                                                                                                               amount




                                                                                                                                                    amount




                                                                                                                                                                         amount
   physical
                              chemical properties                                                                                                                                 YP    SRS
  properties

 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29                                  30           31       32          33       34          35        36    37
 feature #

               Problem
       n
                - Extra Weight
               Solution
       n
                - Increase Thyroxin
                   amount
               Further Patient History
       n
                - Diet
                - Exercise      © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230                                                                                               18
What we need:
   Increased physical activity
   Increased diuresis and reduced oedema
   Decreased sensitivity to cold
   Body temp returns to normal
   Improvement in appetite and bowel activity
   Weight loss
   Improved mental alertness
   Improved speech
   Return to normal menstrual pattern
   Gradual changes to hair, skin, nails
   Improvement in anaemic state


                                  © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230   19
References:
    Susan Craw; Case Based Reasoning; Advanced Knowledge

    Based Systems Module CM4023; The Robert Gordon University,
    Aberdeen
    Joy Ziradkar / Carl Robbins; Hypothyroidism; MUN FP Academic

    Half Day
    (www.med.mun.ca/familymed/downloads/Hypothyroidism.ppt)
    http://www.aanp.org/NR/rdonlyres/ewl4urqa4x5pletxro3a75q5utpp2

    nngbhnezojbttcry3kj3ayj5sunjnos6q4ckmuhgddmkl6nve/4%252e5
    %252e38p1.pdf
    JOHN SLATOSKY, BENJAMIN SHIPTON, and HANEY WAHBA;

    Thyroiditis: Differential Diagnosis and Management: American
    Family Physician: Vol. 61/No. 4 (February 15, 2000)
    Lorcan Coyle, Conor Hayes, Pádraig Cunningham; Representing

    Cases for CBR in XML



                            © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230           20
QUESTIONS????

 THANK YOU!!!
     © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230   21

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Destaque

Identity as a Service - Etude IDaaS
Identity as a Service - Etude IDaaSIdentity as a Service - Etude IDaaS
Identity as a Service - Etude IDaaS
Marc Rousselet
 
Lexique Facebook
Lexique FacebookLexique Facebook
Lexique Facebook
Netpub
 
Presentation pfe 2012
Presentation pfe 2012Presentation pfe 2012
Presentation pfe 2012
Sellami Ahmed
 
seminar topic
seminar topicseminar topic
seminar topic
dipple
 

Destaque (19)

Learning objects retrieval from contextual analysis of user preferences to en...
Learning objects retrieval from contextual analysis of user preferences to en...Learning objects retrieval from contextual analysis of user preferences to en...
Learning objects retrieval from contextual analysis of user preferences to en...
 
2010-02 Migration vers le Cloud - Lancelot-Network
2010-02 Migration vers le Cloud - Lancelot-Network2010-02 Migration vers le Cloud - Lancelot-Network
2010-02 Migration vers le Cloud - Lancelot-Network
 
case based recommendation approach for market basket data
case based recommendation approach for market basket datacase based recommendation approach for market basket data
case based recommendation approach for market basket data
 
Introduction aux Technologies Web élaborée par Marouan OMEZZINE
Introduction aux Technologies Web élaborée par Marouan OMEZZINEIntroduction aux Technologies Web élaborée par Marouan OMEZZINE
Introduction aux Technologies Web élaborée par Marouan OMEZZINE
 
SaaS et Cloud, une révolution ?
SaaS et Cloud, une révolution ?SaaS et Cloud, une révolution ?
SaaS et Cloud, une révolution ?
 
Les systèmes de recommandations
Les systèmes de recommandationsLes systèmes de recommandations
Les systèmes de recommandations
 
Google Cloud solution pour business 2.0
Google Cloud solution pour business 2.0Google Cloud solution pour business 2.0
Google Cloud solution pour business 2.0
 
Identity as a Service - Etude IDaaS
Identity as a Service - Etude IDaaSIdentity as a Service - Etude IDaaS
Identity as a Service - Etude IDaaS
 
Lexique Facebook
Lexique FacebookLexique Facebook
Lexique Facebook
 
Analyse Expérience Utilisateur - Voyages-Sncf
Analyse Expérience Utilisateur - Voyages-SncfAnalyse Expérience Utilisateur - Voyages-Sncf
Analyse Expérience Utilisateur - Voyages-Sncf
 
Le design d'expérience utilisateur - Bases
Le design d'expérience utilisateur - BasesLe design d'expérience utilisateur - Bases
Le design d'expérience utilisateur - Bases
 
Presentation pfe 2012
Presentation pfe 2012Presentation pfe 2012
Presentation pfe 2012
 
seminar topic
seminar topicseminar topic
seminar topic
 
LEVACOMM :e-Services aux voyageurs (enquête en ligne - février 2007)
LEVACOMM :e-Services aux voyageurs (enquête en ligne - février 2007)LEVACOMM :e-Services aux voyageurs (enquête en ligne - février 2007)
LEVACOMM :e-Services aux voyageurs (enquête en ligne - février 2007)
 
Réseaux Sociaux et CRM-PRM
Réseaux Sociaux et CRM-PRMRéseaux Sociaux et CRM-PRM
Réseaux Sociaux et CRM-PRM
 
Valtech - Usages et technologie SaaS
Valtech - Usages et technologie SaaSValtech - Usages et technologie SaaS
Valtech - Usages et technologie SaaS
 
Un modèle de Recherche d'Information Sociale pour l'Accès aux Ressources Bib...
Un modèle de Recherche d'Information Sociale  pour l'Accès aux Ressources Bib...Un modèle de Recherche d'Information Sociale  pour l'Accès aux Ressources Bib...
Un modèle de Recherche d'Information Sociale pour l'Accès aux Ressources Bib...
 
Définition et évaluation de modèles d'agrégation pour l'estimation de la pert...
Définition et évaluation de modèles d'agrégation pour l'estimation de la pert...Définition et évaluation de modèles d'agrégation pour l'estimation de la pert...
Définition et évaluation de modèles d'agrégation pour l'estimation de la pert...
 
LES SYSTEMES DE GESTION DES IDENTITES ET DES ACCES : MISE EN ŒUVRE ET APPORT ...
LES SYSTEMES DE GESTION DES IDENTITES ET DES ACCES : MISE EN ŒUVRE ET APPORT ...LES SYSTEMES DE GESTION DES IDENTITES ET DES ACCES : MISE EN ŒUVRE ET APPORT ...
LES SYSTEMES DE GESTION DES IDENTITES ET DES ACCES : MISE EN ŒUVRE ET APPORT ...
 

Último

Último (20)

From Event to Action: Accelerate Your Decision Making with Real-Time Automation
From Event to Action: Accelerate Your Decision Making with Real-Time AutomationFrom Event to Action: Accelerate Your Decision Making with Real-Time Automation
From Event to Action: Accelerate Your Decision Making with Real-Time Automation
 
presentation ICT roal in 21st century education
presentation ICT roal in 21st century educationpresentation ICT roal in 21st century education
presentation ICT roal in 21st century education
 
The Role of Taxonomy and Ontology in Semantic Layers - Heather Hedden.pdf
The Role of Taxonomy and Ontology in Semantic Layers - Heather Hedden.pdfThe Role of Taxonomy and Ontology in Semantic Layers - Heather Hedden.pdf
The Role of Taxonomy and Ontology in Semantic Layers - Heather Hedden.pdf
 
A Domino Admins Adventures (Engage 2024)
A Domino Admins Adventures (Engage 2024)A Domino Admins Adventures (Engage 2024)
A Domino Admins Adventures (Engage 2024)
 
Exploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone Processors
Exploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone ProcessorsExploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone Processors
Exploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone Processors
 
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdfBoost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
 
Strategies for Landing an Oracle DBA Job as a Fresher
Strategies for Landing an Oracle DBA Job as a FresherStrategies for Landing an Oracle DBA Job as a Fresher
Strategies for Landing an Oracle DBA Job as a Fresher
 
Workshop - Best of Both Worlds_ Combine KG and Vector search for enhanced R...
Workshop - Best of Both Worlds_ Combine  KG and Vector search for  enhanced R...Workshop - Best of Both Worlds_ Combine  KG and Vector search for  enhanced R...
Workshop - Best of Both Worlds_ Combine KG and Vector search for enhanced R...
 
Axa Assurance Maroc - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Axa Assurance Maroc - Insurer Innovation Award 2024Axa Assurance Maroc - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Axa Assurance Maroc - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
 
Automating Google Workspace (GWS) & more with Apps Script
Automating Google Workspace (GWS) & more with Apps ScriptAutomating Google Workspace (GWS) & more with Apps Script
Automating Google Workspace (GWS) & more with Apps Script
 
Data Cloud, More than a CDP by Matt Robison
Data Cloud, More than a CDP by Matt RobisonData Cloud, More than a CDP by Matt Robison
Data Cloud, More than a CDP by Matt Robison
 
ProductAnonymous-April2024-WinProductDiscovery-MelissaKlemke
ProductAnonymous-April2024-WinProductDiscovery-MelissaKlemkeProductAnonymous-April2024-WinProductDiscovery-MelissaKlemke
ProductAnonymous-April2024-WinProductDiscovery-MelissaKlemke
 
Boost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivity
Boost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivityBoost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivity
Boost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivity
 
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot TakeoffStrategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
 
Scaling API-first – The story of a global engineering organization
Scaling API-first – The story of a global engineering organizationScaling API-first – The story of a global engineering organization
Scaling API-first – The story of a global engineering organization
 
Presentation on how to chat with PDF using ChatGPT code interpreter
Presentation on how to chat with PDF using ChatGPT code interpreterPresentation on how to chat with PDF using ChatGPT code interpreter
Presentation on how to chat with PDF using ChatGPT code interpreter
 
Raspberry Pi 5: Challenges and Solutions in Bringing up an OpenGL/Vulkan Driv...
Raspberry Pi 5: Challenges and Solutions in Bringing up an OpenGL/Vulkan Driv...Raspberry Pi 5: Challenges and Solutions in Bringing up an OpenGL/Vulkan Driv...
Raspberry Pi 5: Challenges and Solutions in Bringing up an OpenGL/Vulkan Driv...
 
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected WorkerHow to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
 
08448380779 Call Girls In Friends Colony Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Friends Colony Women Seeking Men08448380779 Call Girls In Friends Colony Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Friends Colony Women Seeking Men
 
04-2024-HHUG-Sales-and-Marketing-Alignment.pptx
04-2024-HHUG-Sales-and-Marketing-Alignment.pptx04-2024-HHUG-Sales-and-Marketing-Alignment.pptx
04-2024-HHUG-Sales-and-Marketing-Alignment.pptx
 

Abel Hinf6230 Cbr Hypo Knowledge Managmenet Health Informatics

  • 1. Knowledge Management for Health Informatics HINF 6230 © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 1
  • 2. What is Hypothyroidism Biochemical and physiologic complex  when inadequate serum levels of thyroid hormone are present. • Common disorder • Synthroid one of most commonly prescribed drugs in Canada • Seven million prescriptions last year • Rising at 12% per year © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 2
  • 3. Incidence Congenital 1 : 5000 births   Under age 20 1 : 1500  Over age 20 1 : 150  Over age 60 1 : 50  Male / female 1:5 Basal metabolic rate can fall as low as 40 %  © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 3
  • 4. Differential diagnosis © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 4
  • 5. Signs and Symptoms  Dry skin  Weight gain with decreased appetite / weakness  Reflexes depressed  Hoarseness / hair loss / hypotension  Thick hair with loss of lateral eyebrow hair  Puffiness of face, proximal muscle weakness  Constipation  Intolerance to cold  Bradycardia Tongue enlarged – macroglossia   Menorrhagia or Amenorrhea  Obese  Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperprolactinemia © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 5
  • 6. Hypothyroidism and Depression Both have in common   So, this depression and other complication should be treated by:  Choice of medication  Adjustment of Therapy  Follow-up care © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 6
  • 7. Hormones for Treatment Maintain metabolic homeostasis by  regulating:  Intermediary metabolism  Body weight  Oxygen requirements  Body temperature control of growth, reproduction and  differentiation © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 7
  • 8. Some of the Problems: Actual content of thyroid hormone varies  considerably from manufacturer to manufacturer and even within product.  Patients switched from one product to another showed insignificance variations in thyroid function  Life long Treatment – Needs to be monitored continuously for better treatment results  Thus, we need to solve this treatment problem © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 8
  • 9. How do we solve these problems? By remembering how we solved a similar  problem in the past In other words, Case Based Reasoning  (CBR)!  memory-based problem-solving (Retrival)  re-using past experiences Experts often find it easier to relate stories  about past cases than to formulate rules © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 9
  • 10. CBR Solving Problems Solution Review Retain Adapt Database Retrieve Similar New Problem © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 10
  • 11. CBR Assumption New problem can be solved by   retrieving similar problems  adapting retrieved solutions Similar problems have similar solutions  P P P ? PP P PP P S SX S S S SS S S © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 11
  • 12. The Challenge of Adaptation in Medicine Cased-Based Reasoning seems to be a  suitable technique for medical knowledge based systems. However, the adaptation task is “the bottleneck” that has to be solved  Every body is unique  Which patient with how much dose and how it can be treated. © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 12
  • 13. One of the greatest limitations of the  CBR and its system is its close relationship with the kind of problem to be solved. This proximity to the problem found also in how information is represented in the case base.  In Medicine, solutions have to be absolutely correct  Many details and complex features (interactions, exceptions, contradictions) © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 13
  • 14. The Cycle of Hypothyroid CBR Problem-Solution Solution Review Retain Here we go! New solution…. What kind of Adapt patients treated with Database which does and what special prescription Similar problem to similar solution, Retrieve but take uniqueness into account New Patients who got solutions with similar problem Problem © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 14
  • 15. The Possible Adaptation for Hypothyroidism Abstraction and Hypothyroidism (In form  of Guidelines)  Constraints and Hypothyroidism (For Initial Therapy)  Compositional Adaptation and Hypothyroidism (Especially for dose calculations) © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 15
  • 16. Issue of Representation XML has become the standard for data  and document delivery on the web  Cross-platform and extensible  It is well supported and there is a large toolset of XML technologies  XML parsers, XML Schema, XML transforms, stylesheets and more © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 16
  • 17. CBML Document Hierarchy CBML schema Case structure Case content document (XSL) document (XML) document (XML) •The CBML (XML-based Case Mark-Up Language) Schema document An XML Schema document describing the syntax of the case structure document Static, globally available document •The Case Structure document •The Case Content document © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 17
  • 18. Case Representation feature-value representation   Example case problem solution extra info tablet drug filler binder lubricant disintegrant surfactant properties dose excipient excipient excipient excipient excipient amount amount amount amount amount physical chemical properties YP SRS properties 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 feature # Problem n - Extra Weight Solution n - Increase Thyroxin amount Further Patient History n - Diet - Exercise © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 18
  • 19. What we need:  Increased physical activity  Increased diuresis and reduced oedema  Decreased sensitivity to cold  Body temp returns to normal  Improvement in appetite and bowel activity  Weight loss  Improved mental alertness  Improved speech  Return to normal menstrual pattern  Gradual changes to hair, skin, nails  Improvement in anaemic state © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 19
  • 20. References: Susan Craw; Case Based Reasoning; Advanced Knowledge  Based Systems Module CM4023; The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen Joy Ziradkar / Carl Robbins; Hypothyroidism; MUN FP Academic  Half Day (www.med.mun.ca/familymed/downloads/Hypothyroidism.ppt) http://www.aanp.org/NR/rdonlyres/ewl4urqa4x5pletxro3a75q5utpp2  nngbhnezojbttcry3kj3ayj5sunjnos6q4ckmuhgddmkl6nve/4%252e5 %252e38p1.pdf JOHN SLATOSKY, BENJAMIN SHIPTON, and HANEY WAHBA;  Thyroiditis: Differential Diagnosis and Management: American Family Physician: Vol. 61/No. 4 (February 15, 2000) Lorcan Coyle, Conor Hayes, Pádraig Cunningham; Representing  Cases for CBR in XML © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 20
  • 21. QUESTIONS???? THANK YOU!!! © Abel M. Gebreyesus HINF 6230 21