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Structuralism and Post Structuralism
‫الرحيم‬ ‫الرحمن‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫بسم‬

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Presented to
Highly Respectableand Honorable
• Professor Dr. Ihsan Ur Rahman Ghori
• Muhammad Abdullah
By

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Insides
Introduction
Postulates of
structuralism
Explanation
Modern Structuralism
Post-structuralism
Influence of structuralism
on Muslims scholars

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Structuralism
“An interdisciplinary approach that rejects all ontological (study of the
being ) and epistemological (study of knowledge) sources of
meaning in favor of an anti-metaphysical approach that claims that all
humanistic topic searches are the pre-exist human consciousness.”
So the elements of culture must be understood in terms of their
relationship to a main system or "structure."

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Classical Parameters
• All ideas and things are divine rather than
man made. These are timeless in nature.
Ontology and
Pluto:
• Ideas are not divine, but produced by the
structure of socio-economic forces.
Ontology and
Marks:
• Subject conscious is the source of ideas.
(Theory of ego)
Cant and
epistemology:
• Conscious is produced by unconscious. So
ego is produced by deep structure which is
source of meanings and truth.
Freud and
epistemology:

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Postulates of
Structuralism
Unconscious
rather than
conscious
Martial rather
than
metaphysica
Deterministic
rather than
humanistic

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Postulates of
Structuralism
Elements are
only
described by
their place
value
Structures are
Mechanical
All areas of
human
though have
their own
structures.
Individual
elements
have no
meanings
(Binary
opposition)

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It emphases on scientific study of “man”
rather then Philosophical.
Everything is bounded in a solid structure,
thing is meaningless outside the structure.
Literature is omnidirectional toward its
structure.
Explanation

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Synchronic Observation
He argued to observe
'synchronically' rather than
'diachronically'. He believes
that ideas are not divine;
these are manmade so a sign
provides only an arbitrary
linkage between signified and
signifier. Langue is the
structure of language and
parole is it basic element.
Saussure

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‘Diachronically’
'Synchronically'

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Names Wives Sons
Abraham Two Two
Ismael One Twelve
Isaac One Two
Jacob Four twelve
‘Diachronically’
'Synchronically'

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Modern Structuralism
Psychology was a branch
of philosophy until the
1870s. Structuralism
was the first school of
new psychology. It
focused to find the most
basic elements using a
method known as
introspection.
Essentially, it was the
study of how we think
and feel the way we do
Titchener

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To understand the structure of
mind, writings and society

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Sensation of taste
Sweet, Sour,
Salty, Bitter.
For
Example

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Components of the Mind
What each
element of the
mind is
How those
elements interact
with each other,
Why they interact
in the ways that
they do

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Elements of the Mind
Sensations
(elements of
sensitivities),
Images
(elements of
ideas), and
Affections
(elements of
emotions).

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Interaction of Elements
His ideas were
largely based on
ideas of
associationism.

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Physical and Mental Relationship
Sub-stratum
gives the
psychological
processes of
continuity

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NAZAM e QURAN = Structure of
Quran
ALMASANI = Binary oppositions
Text of Quran has only one meaning,
which could be determined by the
context, as exactly in structuralism.
He uses the method of TADABAR to
understand the meanings of Quran,
which is similar to introspection.
Molana Islahi and structuralisms

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Iqbal’s “Theory of ego”
does not support
structuralism in all.
So Iqbal does not
believe in an over
organized, non-movable
structuralism.
Iqbal and Structuralism

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Separated letters in Quran
HAROOF e
MUQTIAAT
shows the
impotence
of individual
letters,.

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Post-Structuralism

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Derrida, says: structuralist
would like to believe that
he think and red
independently, without any
center, but we know,
structure, is itself a center.
Post-Structuralism

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Barthes argued that any literary
text has multiple meanings,
without the reference of any
structure. He rejects the idea
of a literary text having a
single purpose.
Post-Structuralism

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In Binary oppositions one entity is not depend
on the other.
Experimental introspection is very much special,
so it is not reliable.
Functionalism says that the task of psychology
is to investigate the function, or purpose, of
consciousness rather than its structure
Post-Structuralism

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Post-
structuralism
rejects the
possibility of
a truly
scientific
study of
"man".
Post-Structuralism

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Sources
Louis Marks,
Houston Baptist
University
Wikipedia