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Model-driven network management
Anees Shaikh, Josh George
Google Network Operations / OpenConfig operator working group
www.openconfig.net
Zero-touch networking : extreme automation
2
● network operations fully automated based on operator-expressed intent
● introducing new technologies is transparent to the operator interface
● automated detection of unintended behavior and rollback
● automation complies with network policies for safety and security
Where operators would like to get to
scalable, real-time monitoring -- push not poll, pub-sub, incremental updates
declarative, intent-driven configuration -- what not how, abstractions
rapid deployment of new technologies -- dramatically shorten qual cycle
leverage platforms instead of scripts -- software skills, fewer CLI jockeys
policy compliant operations -- scoped operations, safety checks
3
What’s holding them back
● proprietary integrations
○ CLIs, scripts, templates, modules, cookbooks, minions, …
● lack of abstractions and common APIs
○ CLI scraping from devices
● SNMP monitoring -- poor scaling, lack of extensibility, proprietary MIBs
● complexity and cost have been pushed to operators
○ long qualification processes, specialized skills, ...
4
Value of data models
● durable APIs for managing and monitoring the network
● management abstraction layer (insulate from low level details)
● forward compatibility with new platforms and technologies
● establishes a contract between NMS and infrastructure
5
OpenConfig’s early focus is on defining industry-wide vendor-neutral APIs
for network configuration and monitoring
OpenConfig : user-defined models
6
● informal industry collaboration among network operators
● data models for configuration and operational state, code written in YANG
● organizational model: informal, structured like an open source project
● development priorities driven by operator requirements
● engagements with major equipment vendors to drive native implementations
● engagement with standards (IETF) and OSS (ODL, ONOS, goBGP, Quagga)
TeraStream
Rest of the talk ...
re-architecting network monitoring and visibility
model-based configuration management
update on OpenConfig -- models, implementations, operationalizing
OpenConfig integration with OSS projects incl. ODL
7
Confidential + Proprietary
Modern Network
Telemetry
8
Warning: If you are sensitive to graphic depictions of SNMP, please leave the room.
SNMP needs an upgrade
9
legacy implementations -- designed for limited
processing and bandwidth
expensive discoverability -- re-walk MIBs to discover
new elements
no capability advertisement -- test OIDs to determine
support
rigid structure -- limited extensibility to add new data
proprietary data -- require vendor-specific mappings and
multiple requests to reassemble data
protocol stagnation -- no absorption of current data
modeling and transmission techniques
Streaming telemetry -- moving forward from SNMP
● stream data continuously -- with
incremental updates
● telemetry sent based on subscriptions
● observe network state through a time-
series data stream
● device data follows a common model
● efficient, secure transport protocols
(gRPC)
10gRPC endpoint
telemetry
collectors
upstream
systems
time-series data
stream
async event
reporting
requests for
ad-hoc data
Aim to deprecate SNMP in our network by 2017
opstate
models
opstate
models
gRPC : an open, multi-platform RPC framework
gRPC leverages HTTP/2 as its transport layer
● binary framing, header compression
● bidirectional streams, server push support
● connection multiplexing across requests and streams
gRPC features
● load-balancing, app-level flow control, call-cancellation
● serialization with protobuf (efficient wire encoding)
● multi-platform, many supported languages -- incl. Maven plugin
● open source, under active development
11
@grpcio
Toward model-based streaming telemetry
12
Step 1 -- from poll to push
proprietary data over
proprietary transport,
partial coverage
collectors
Vendor
A
Vendor
B
Vendor
C
Step 2 -- more complete
data over RPC channel
proprietary data over
gRPC transport,
increased coverage
collectors
Vendor
A
Vendor
B
Vendor
C
Step 3 -- common data
model over RPC
gRPC transport with
common schema
collectors
Vendor
A
Vendor
B
Vendor
C
Models structured for observing network behavior
13
+--rw interface* [name]
+--rw config
| +--rw type
| +--rw mtu?
| +--rw name?
| +--rw description?
| +--rw enabled?
+--ro state
| +--ro type
| +--ro mtu?
| +--ro name?
| +--ro description?
| +--ro enabled?
| +--ro oper-status
| +--ro last-change?
| +--ro counters
| +--ro in-octets?
| +--ro in-unicast-pkts?
| +--ro in-broadcast-pkts?
| +--ro in-multicast-pkts?
| +--ro in-discards?
| +--ro in-errors?
| +--ro in-unknown-protos?
| +--ro out-octets?
opstate = applied configuration + derived stated (counters, etc.)
data models structured to ease programmatic access to
related operational state
opstate has deterministic, explicit location in the model paths
common data model
NMS
intendedv.appliedconfig
NMS acts on streaming view of
state
quickly determine discrepancy
between intended and applied
configuration
code to exploit this pattern in
multiple operators
data collector
(fluentd)
OSS stack for model-based streaming telemetry
Platform support for streaming telemetry:
Cisco IOS-XR
github.com/cisco/bigmuddy-network-telemetry-stacks
Juniper JUNOS
github.com/Juniper/open-nti
Arista EOS
github.com/aristanetworks/goarista
vendor
A
vendor
B
vendor
C
message broker (kafka)
TE alerts
applications
14
timeseries DB
(influxDB)
dashboards
(grafana)
OpenConfig
models
Confidential + Proprietary
Declarative Network
Configuration
15
Toward a vendor-neutral, model-driven world
16
Per-vendor tools
EMS
A
platform-specific tools,
processes, skills
tools
B
EMS
C
vendor
A
vendor
B
vendor
C
Common OSS
EMS
A
proprietary integrations,
common interfaces upstream
EMS
C
operator / 3rd party NMS
vendor
A
vendor
B
vendor
C
Common mgmt APIs
common mgmt model
common management API,
no proprietary integrations,
native support on all
vendors
vendor
A
vendor
B
vendor
C
NMS
A model-based configuration pipeline
17
configuration data
vendor-neutral, validated
operators
intent API
“drain peering link”
update topology modeltopology
models
config
models
configuration
generation
multiple vendor devices
gRPC request
gRPC endpoint
OSS stack for model-based programmatic configuration
OpenConfig
models
pyang
pyangbind
python class
bindings
vendor
A
vendor
B
vendor
C
template-based
translations
18
validated, vendor-neutral object representation
bgp.global.as = 15169
bgp.neighbors.neighbor.add(neighbor_addr=124.25.2.1”)
...
interfaces.interface.add("eth0")
eth0 = src_ocif.interfaces.interface["eth0"]
eth0.config.enabled = True
eth0.ethernet.config.duplex_mode = "FULL"
eth0.ethernet.config.auto_negotiate = True
config DB
vendor
A
vendor
B
vendor
C
pybindJSON.dumps(bgp.neighbors)
pybindJSON.dumps(interfaces)
gRPC /
RESTCONF
vendor neutral
Confidential + Proprietary
OpenConfig
19
OpenConfig progress
20
Published OpenConfig models
● BGP*
● routing policy*
● locally generated routes*
● interfaces, aggregates, IP, VLANs*
● MPLS, RSVP / TE*
● networking / forwarding instances, VRFs
● RIB contents
● terminal optics*
● streaming telemetry configuration*
● top-level device structure
Models adopted by IETF for standardization
* native platform implementations available or in progress
Models in development / review
● system inventory / hardware
● ACLs
● line optics (EDFAs and ROADMs)
● system management
● IS-IS
● QoS
● tunnels / encapsulation
● LLDP
● FIB / LFIB
Additional publications
● Reference RPC specification
● YANG authoring style guide
● Guidelines for versioning models
OpenConfig and telemetry support on vendor devices
● initial versions of streaming telemetry available in 2016
○ Cisco Streaming Telemetry (IOS-XR)
○ Juniper JUNOS Telemetry Interface
○ additional vendors in progress
● OpenConfig BGP+policy model configuration native support
○ Cisco IOS-XR
○ Juniper JUNOS
○ Arista EOS
○ additional vendors with implementations underway
● implementations in progress for interfaces, MPLS / TE models, terminal optics
● operational state models being delivered as part of streaming telemetry
21
OpenConfig support in OSS projects
OpenDaylight BGP
● BGP, policy, local-routing, network-instance
Quagga BGP -- OpenConfig support in progress
Zebra 2.0
● OpenConfig BGP (see NetDev 1.1 presentation)
22
OpenConfig tooling available today
23
Go language gRPC collector -- available soon
BigMuddy -- Cisco UDP telemetry collector
OpenNTI -- Juniper UDP telemetry collector
Arista gRPC telemetry collector
telemetry collectors
pyangbind -- Python classes from YANG models,
JSON and XML serialization
goyang -- Go language compiler for YANG
models
language bindings / data serialization
pynms -- (beta) gRPC client / server for sending
configuration and telemetry collection
NMS client / server
OpenConfig style guide and checker
AT&T YANG design studio
YANG model authoring
Tour of OpenConfig models
24
BGP and routing policy -- most mature, several implementations
telemetry configuration -- setting up streaming telemetry
platform -- device inventory and platform specifics
rpc -- protocol-independent spec of an OpenConfig client/server API
Challenges in thinking “model-driven”
CLI habits are hard to break
implementations are often very different (occasionally for a good reason)
models for machines or humans
what to leave out of the model
how to test for compliance by an implementation
25
Model-based automation in practice
● Operationalizing models -- many problems to be solved
○ protocol-agnostic RPC specification for encoding, delivering, and receiving data
○ handling mixed-schema operation (OpenConfig + native)
○ model updates and versioning in the NMS and on devices
● Engaging with vendors
○ this is all new for vendors -- close engineering engagements required
○ must have their own internal model; decouple model iterations from major releases
○ investment in infrastructure to support externally defined models is critical
● Tools lacking but being developed by users and vendors
26
OpenDaylight NMS based on OpenConfig
● ODL already supports some management / operations features
○ monitoring and path management: SNMP, BGP-LS / PCEP
○ network configuration: NETCONF / RESTCONF, OVSDB
○ data management and modeling: YANG tools, time-series data repo
● Potential additional capabilities
○ streaming telemetry collector, with pub/sub
○ support for additional data transports and encodings, e.g., gRPC
○ configuration validation
27
Summary
OpenConfig operator group is developing and publishing data models for
monitoring and configuration -- built by users for users
Growing support in vendor implementations and OSS projects
● streaming telemetry and configuration
Range of open source tooling exists to build NMSes supporting OpenConfig
● great use case for OpenDaylight and other projects
28

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Model-driven Network Management

  • 1. Model-driven network management Anees Shaikh, Josh George Google Network Operations / OpenConfig operator working group www.openconfig.net
  • 2. Zero-touch networking : extreme automation 2 ● network operations fully automated based on operator-expressed intent ● introducing new technologies is transparent to the operator interface ● automated detection of unintended behavior and rollback ● automation complies with network policies for safety and security
  • 3. Where operators would like to get to scalable, real-time monitoring -- push not poll, pub-sub, incremental updates declarative, intent-driven configuration -- what not how, abstractions rapid deployment of new technologies -- dramatically shorten qual cycle leverage platforms instead of scripts -- software skills, fewer CLI jockeys policy compliant operations -- scoped operations, safety checks 3
  • 4. What’s holding them back ● proprietary integrations ○ CLIs, scripts, templates, modules, cookbooks, minions, … ● lack of abstractions and common APIs ○ CLI scraping from devices ● SNMP monitoring -- poor scaling, lack of extensibility, proprietary MIBs ● complexity and cost have been pushed to operators ○ long qualification processes, specialized skills, ... 4
  • 5. Value of data models ● durable APIs for managing and monitoring the network ● management abstraction layer (insulate from low level details) ● forward compatibility with new platforms and technologies ● establishes a contract between NMS and infrastructure 5 OpenConfig’s early focus is on defining industry-wide vendor-neutral APIs for network configuration and monitoring
  • 6. OpenConfig : user-defined models 6 ● informal industry collaboration among network operators ● data models for configuration and operational state, code written in YANG ● organizational model: informal, structured like an open source project ● development priorities driven by operator requirements ● engagements with major equipment vendors to drive native implementations ● engagement with standards (IETF) and OSS (ODL, ONOS, goBGP, Quagga) TeraStream
  • 7. Rest of the talk ... re-architecting network monitoring and visibility model-based configuration management update on OpenConfig -- models, implementations, operationalizing OpenConfig integration with OSS projects incl. ODL 7
  • 8. Confidential + Proprietary Modern Network Telemetry 8 Warning: If you are sensitive to graphic depictions of SNMP, please leave the room.
  • 9. SNMP needs an upgrade 9 legacy implementations -- designed for limited processing and bandwidth expensive discoverability -- re-walk MIBs to discover new elements no capability advertisement -- test OIDs to determine support rigid structure -- limited extensibility to add new data proprietary data -- require vendor-specific mappings and multiple requests to reassemble data protocol stagnation -- no absorption of current data modeling and transmission techniques
  • 10. Streaming telemetry -- moving forward from SNMP ● stream data continuously -- with incremental updates ● telemetry sent based on subscriptions ● observe network state through a time- series data stream ● device data follows a common model ● efficient, secure transport protocols (gRPC) 10gRPC endpoint telemetry collectors upstream systems time-series data stream async event reporting requests for ad-hoc data Aim to deprecate SNMP in our network by 2017 opstate models opstate models
  • 11. gRPC : an open, multi-platform RPC framework gRPC leverages HTTP/2 as its transport layer ● binary framing, header compression ● bidirectional streams, server push support ● connection multiplexing across requests and streams gRPC features ● load-balancing, app-level flow control, call-cancellation ● serialization with protobuf (efficient wire encoding) ● multi-platform, many supported languages -- incl. Maven plugin ● open source, under active development 11 @grpcio
  • 12. Toward model-based streaming telemetry 12 Step 1 -- from poll to push proprietary data over proprietary transport, partial coverage collectors Vendor A Vendor B Vendor C Step 2 -- more complete data over RPC channel proprietary data over gRPC transport, increased coverage collectors Vendor A Vendor B Vendor C Step 3 -- common data model over RPC gRPC transport with common schema collectors Vendor A Vendor B Vendor C
  • 13. Models structured for observing network behavior 13 +--rw interface* [name] +--rw config | +--rw type | +--rw mtu? | +--rw name? | +--rw description? | +--rw enabled? +--ro state | +--ro type | +--ro mtu? | +--ro name? | +--ro description? | +--ro enabled? | +--ro oper-status | +--ro last-change? | +--ro counters | +--ro in-octets? | +--ro in-unicast-pkts? | +--ro in-broadcast-pkts? | +--ro in-multicast-pkts? | +--ro in-discards? | +--ro in-errors? | +--ro in-unknown-protos? | +--ro out-octets? opstate = applied configuration + derived stated (counters, etc.) data models structured to ease programmatic access to related operational state opstate has deterministic, explicit location in the model paths common data model NMS intendedv.appliedconfig NMS acts on streaming view of state quickly determine discrepancy between intended and applied configuration code to exploit this pattern in multiple operators
  • 14. data collector (fluentd) OSS stack for model-based streaming telemetry Platform support for streaming telemetry: Cisco IOS-XR github.com/cisco/bigmuddy-network-telemetry-stacks Juniper JUNOS github.com/Juniper/open-nti Arista EOS github.com/aristanetworks/goarista vendor A vendor B vendor C message broker (kafka) TE alerts applications 14 timeseries DB (influxDB) dashboards (grafana) OpenConfig models
  • 15. Confidential + Proprietary Declarative Network Configuration 15
  • 16. Toward a vendor-neutral, model-driven world 16 Per-vendor tools EMS A platform-specific tools, processes, skills tools B EMS C vendor A vendor B vendor C Common OSS EMS A proprietary integrations, common interfaces upstream EMS C operator / 3rd party NMS vendor A vendor B vendor C Common mgmt APIs common mgmt model common management API, no proprietary integrations, native support on all vendors vendor A vendor B vendor C NMS
  • 17. A model-based configuration pipeline 17 configuration data vendor-neutral, validated operators intent API “drain peering link” update topology modeltopology models config models configuration generation multiple vendor devices gRPC request gRPC endpoint
  • 18. OSS stack for model-based programmatic configuration OpenConfig models pyang pyangbind python class bindings vendor A vendor B vendor C template-based translations 18 validated, vendor-neutral object representation bgp.global.as = 15169 bgp.neighbors.neighbor.add(neighbor_addr=124.25.2.1”) ... interfaces.interface.add("eth0") eth0 = src_ocif.interfaces.interface["eth0"] eth0.config.enabled = True eth0.ethernet.config.duplex_mode = "FULL" eth0.ethernet.config.auto_negotiate = True config DB vendor A vendor B vendor C pybindJSON.dumps(bgp.neighbors) pybindJSON.dumps(interfaces) gRPC / RESTCONF vendor neutral
  • 20. OpenConfig progress 20 Published OpenConfig models ● BGP* ● routing policy* ● locally generated routes* ● interfaces, aggregates, IP, VLANs* ● MPLS, RSVP / TE* ● networking / forwarding instances, VRFs ● RIB contents ● terminal optics* ● streaming telemetry configuration* ● top-level device structure Models adopted by IETF for standardization * native platform implementations available or in progress Models in development / review ● system inventory / hardware ● ACLs ● line optics (EDFAs and ROADMs) ● system management ● IS-IS ● QoS ● tunnels / encapsulation ● LLDP ● FIB / LFIB Additional publications ● Reference RPC specification ● YANG authoring style guide ● Guidelines for versioning models
  • 21. OpenConfig and telemetry support on vendor devices ● initial versions of streaming telemetry available in 2016 ○ Cisco Streaming Telemetry (IOS-XR) ○ Juniper JUNOS Telemetry Interface ○ additional vendors in progress ● OpenConfig BGP+policy model configuration native support ○ Cisco IOS-XR ○ Juniper JUNOS ○ Arista EOS ○ additional vendors with implementations underway ● implementations in progress for interfaces, MPLS / TE models, terminal optics ● operational state models being delivered as part of streaming telemetry 21
  • 22. OpenConfig support in OSS projects OpenDaylight BGP ● BGP, policy, local-routing, network-instance Quagga BGP -- OpenConfig support in progress Zebra 2.0 ● OpenConfig BGP (see NetDev 1.1 presentation) 22
  • 23. OpenConfig tooling available today 23 Go language gRPC collector -- available soon BigMuddy -- Cisco UDP telemetry collector OpenNTI -- Juniper UDP telemetry collector Arista gRPC telemetry collector telemetry collectors pyangbind -- Python classes from YANG models, JSON and XML serialization goyang -- Go language compiler for YANG models language bindings / data serialization pynms -- (beta) gRPC client / server for sending configuration and telemetry collection NMS client / server OpenConfig style guide and checker AT&T YANG design studio YANG model authoring
  • 24. Tour of OpenConfig models 24 BGP and routing policy -- most mature, several implementations telemetry configuration -- setting up streaming telemetry platform -- device inventory and platform specifics rpc -- protocol-independent spec of an OpenConfig client/server API
  • 25. Challenges in thinking “model-driven” CLI habits are hard to break implementations are often very different (occasionally for a good reason) models for machines or humans what to leave out of the model how to test for compliance by an implementation 25
  • 26. Model-based automation in practice ● Operationalizing models -- many problems to be solved ○ protocol-agnostic RPC specification for encoding, delivering, and receiving data ○ handling mixed-schema operation (OpenConfig + native) ○ model updates and versioning in the NMS and on devices ● Engaging with vendors ○ this is all new for vendors -- close engineering engagements required ○ must have their own internal model; decouple model iterations from major releases ○ investment in infrastructure to support externally defined models is critical ● Tools lacking but being developed by users and vendors 26
  • 27. OpenDaylight NMS based on OpenConfig ● ODL already supports some management / operations features ○ monitoring and path management: SNMP, BGP-LS / PCEP ○ network configuration: NETCONF / RESTCONF, OVSDB ○ data management and modeling: YANG tools, time-series data repo ● Potential additional capabilities ○ streaming telemetry collector, with pub/sub ○ support for additional data transports and encodings, e.g., gRPC ○ configuration validation 27
  • 28. Summary OpenConfig operator group is developing and publishing data models for monitoring and configuration -- built by users for users Growing support in vendor implementations and OSS projects ● streaming telemetry and configuration Range of open source tooling exists to build NMSes supporting OpenConfig ● great use case for OpenDaylight and other projects 28