Node.js & Twitter Bootstrap Crash Course

Node.js Web App
CRASH COURSE
By Aaron Silverman, Code Slinger at Video BlocksMarch 19, 2014

Note: node.js is getting more and more popular every year!
Node.js - download and install it!

var http = require('http');
http.createServer(function (req, res) {
res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
res.end('Hello Worldn');
}).listen(1337, '127.0.0.1');
console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:1337/');
Create simple server web server
server.js

Run simple web server
$ node server.js
Server running at http://127.0.0.1:1337/

Why reinvent the wheel?
Packages FTW!
$ npm install -g express-generator
...
express-generator@3.0.0
/usr/local/lib/node_modules/express-generator
├── mkdirp@0.3.5
└── commander@1.3.2 (keypress@0.1.0)

Create skeleton web application
$ express --ejs myapp
...
create : myapp
...
install dependencies:
...
run the app:

Install dependencies
$ cd myapp
$ npm install
…
express@3.4.8 node_modules/express
...

Start web application
$ npm start
> application-name@0.0.1 start
/Users/aaron/Workspace/upenn/myapp
> node ./bin/www

What’s going on?
automagically created folders and files

package.json is key
started by npm start
installed by npm install

require - import/include other files
and packages
imports debug package
imports app file
what is exported

Middleware Magic
view engine
modules
middleware
routing

View - Embedded JavaScript
view variable

Spice up our root page - route handler
exports.index = function(req, res){
res.render('index', { title: 'Express' });
res.render('index', {title: 'Express', name: 'Aaron'});
};
routes/index.js

Spice up our root page - view
<body>
<h1><%= title %></h1>
<p>Welcome to <%= title %></p>
<p>“Welcome to <%= title %>”</p>
<p>— <%= name %><p>
</body>
views/index.ejs

Restart and connect
$ npm start

Cat view
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel='stylesheet' href='/stylesheets/style.css' />
</head>
<body>
<h1>Cat</h1>
<img src="/images/cat.jpg" />
</body>
</html>
views/cat.ejs

Cat route handler
exports.index = function(req, res) {
res.render('index', {title: 'Penn', name: 'Aaron'});
};
exports.cat = function(req, res) {
res.render('cat');
}
routes/index.js

Cat route
app.get('/', routes.index);
app.get('/users', users.list);
app.get('/cat', routes.cat);
app.js

Enough manual restarting - nodemon
$ sudo npm install -g nodemon
...
nodemon@1.0.15
…

Tell nodemon what to run
"scripts": {
"start": "node ./bin/www"
},
"main": "bin/www",
"dependencies": {
package.json

Start server using nodemon
$ nodemon
[nodemon] v1.0.15
[nodemon] to restart at any time, enter `rs`
[nodemon] watching: *.*
[nodemon] starting `node bin/www`

Name that cat - route handler
exports.cat = function(req, res) {
var name = req.param('name','Mr. Cat');
res.render('cat');
res.render('cat', {name: name});
}
routes/index.js

Name that cat - view
<body>
<h1>Cat</h1>
<h1>Meet <%= name %>, the Cat.</h1>
</body>
routes/index.js

Twitter Bootstrap - CSS for dummies

Bootstrap grid and components
CSS classes also makes special components
CSS class “row” starts row of a 12 column grid
CSS class “col-md-N” starts a responsive N-column wide grid element
Note: rows can be nested inside columns for a nested grid

Cat view - bootstrap css/js
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.1.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.1.1/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css" />
</head>
…
<script src="//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.1.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
views/cat.ejs
Note: instead of using external assets we could also have downloaded and extracted these files into the
public/stylesheets and public/javscripts directories.

Cat view - name jumbotron
<body>
<div class="jumbotron">
<h1>Meet <%= name %>, the Cat.</h1>
<p>Best cat in the land</p>
</div>
views/cat.ejs

Cat view - cat grid
<div class="container cat-grid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
</div>
...
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
views/cat.ejs
<div class="row">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
</div>
</div>
</div>

Cat view - cat style
.cat-grid img {
height: 100px;
}
public/stylesheets/style.css

Npm install and save
$ npm install --save express-partials
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/express-partials
npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/express-partials
express-partials@0.2.0 node_modules/express-partials

Added to package.json
newly installed package

Use new middleware
var bodyParser = require('body-parser');
var partials = require('express-partials');
var routes = require('./routes');
var users = require('./routes/user');
var app = express();
// view engine setup
app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'views'));
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
app.use(partials());
app.use(favicon());
app.js

Create common view layout
views/layout.ejs
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<%- body %>
</body>
</html>

Clean up cat view
views/cat.ejs
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
…
</body>
</html>

Clean up index view
views/index.ejs
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title><%= title %></title>
</head>
<body>
…
</body>
</html>

Transfer code to your server
$ scp -i ~/.ssh/macbookair.pem -r myapp/ ubuntu@ec2-23-
20-153-76.compute-1.amazonaws.com:~/
Note: Ideally your code is checked into a source control repository such as git, and you would
add your server’s public key to be allowed to access to the repository.
Then you would do something like:
$ ssh -i .ssh/macbookair.pem ubuntu@ec2-23-20-153-76.compute-1.amazonaws.com
$ git clone git@github.com:Username/myapp.git

Install node.js on your server
$ ssh -i .ssh/macbookair.pem ubuntu@ec2-23-20-153-76.
compute-1.amazonaws.com
$ sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
$ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:chris-lea/node.js
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install nodejs
$ node --version
v0.10.26

Install dependencies
$ cd myapp
$ npm install
Note: If you transferred your node_modules folder (such as scp did in this presentation) this won’t be
necessary. However typically that folder should be ignored by version control (e.g. in .gitignore) and you
will have to do this step.

Allow HTTP traffic for the server

Allow port forwarding to listen port
$ sudo vim /etc/sysctl.conf
(uncomment net.ipv4.ip_forward)
$ sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
$ sudo iptables -A PREROUTING
-t nat -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j
REDIRECT --to-port 3000

Start and connect to server
$ npm start
> application-name@0.0.1 start
/home/ubuntu/myapp
> node ./bin/www

Forever - run node as a daemon
$ sudo npm install -g forever
…
forever@0.10.11 /usr/lib/node_modules/forever
…
$ forever start bin/www
warn: --minUptime not set. Defaulting to: 1000ms
warn: --spinSleepTime not set. Your script will exit if it
does not stay up for at least 1000ms
info: Forever processing file: bin/www

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