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What is Natural vegetation? Natural Vegetation refers to plants that grow and develop by themselves without human help .
Why do we have to learn about Natural vegetation? The study of natural vegetation is important to geographers for two reasons. Vegetation is an integral part of the physical environment Humans depend on vegetation for food, fuel, shelter, medicine etc.
Natural vegetation occurs Is Natural Vegetation part of something? Animals eat  the plants The blood helps the grass & plants to grow Natural Vegetation is part of the ecosystem, which is a living, biological community where the plants, animals and humans interact with one another and with their physical environment. For example:                    the grasses provide food for the animals, which are hunted by the humans living there. Humans hunt down the animals Animals eat the meat The blood and unwanted meat is left behind
Can Natural vegetation be classified into other forms of vegetation? Natural Vegetation can be classified into: Forest vegetation Grass land vegetation Desert vegetation
Forest vegetation… Forest vegetation is mainly made up of one species of trees.
Grass-land Vegetation… Grass-land vegetation is chiefly made up of grasses, scattered trees and small woody plants (shrubs)
Desert vegetation… Desert vegetation consists mainly of thorny shrubs and other drought-resistant plants such as the cactus.
These three main types of natural vegetation can be further classified into different sub-types. The existence and global distribution of the different types of natural vegetation are influenced mainly by climatic conditions particularly precipitation and temperatures
Does temperature effect Natural Vegetation?    Natural vegetation tends to be most diverse and abundant in areas near the equator where the average annual rainfall and temperature are high. Between the tropic of cancer (latitude 23.5N) and the tropic of Capricorn (latitude23.5S), the dominant type of natural vegetation is the evergreen tropical rainforests and mangroves that spread along the equator. As one approaches latitudes 10 north & 10 south of the equator, the tropical monsoon forests become more widespread. Travelling from the equator towards the poles, one will encounter changes in the types of natural vegetation. As temperatures drop  and precipitation decreases and becomes more variable, one dominant type of forest found in the cool temperature areas is the evergreen temperature coniferous forests
How many types of tropical forests are their? There are three types of tropical forests: 1. Tropical rain forests 2. Mangrove forests 3. Tropical monsoon forests
Tropical Rain Forest
Where are they found… The tropical rainforest spreads like a green belt around the earth. The most extensive areas with this type of forests are: ,[object Object]
     The Congo Basin of America
      Indonesia
      East Malaysia ,[object Object]
Special characteristics of trees ,[object Object],Tropical rain forests trees have waxy, hairy or leathery leaves that allow rain water to run off easily. The shape of the leaves are usually broad with narrow, downward pointing tips. ,[object Object], Some trees have buttress roots that can grow up to more than 5m high. The roots are rather shallow as they do not need to grow deep down into the soil to extract nutrition's. ,[object Object],The fruit and flowers of tropical rainforests tend to be colorful and sweet smelling in order to attract agents of pollination.
Structure… The rainforest is divided into: ,[object Object]
  Shrub layer
  Under  Canopy                                                layer
   Canopy layer
   Emergent layer       ,[object Object]
The leaf litter is considerably thin as the rate of decomposition is fast because of the high temperature and rainfall. ,[object Object]
These include wild ginger, pandan and tapioca,[object Object]
Shade-tolerant trees like palms and tree ferns are common
Leaves are much larger at this layer compared to other layers,[object Object]
Height of canopy layers is between25m and 35m
Common woody vines called lianas twine around the tree trunk
Epiphytes grow on branches of trees
Parasitic plants such as mosses and lichens are also found on this layer,[object Object]
Trees can grow to more than 40m to capture direct sunlight
They also have thick and straight trunks.,[object Object]
Where are they found? Mangrove forests can be found along tropical and subtropical coastal areas. They are usually found along low-lying, sheltered coasts with muddy and waterlogged land.
Difference in plant species… The dominant plants in this type of forests are generally those species that have special breathing roots that would enable them to take in oxygen under waterlogged conditions. These trees also have prop roots to anchor them firmly in the soft, muddy ground.
Special Characteristics of trees ,[object Object],Mangrove trees have broad leaves, which also have drip tips to enable rainwater to flow off quickly and easily. Some trees have leaves that contain special salt glands to prevent the building up of excess salt. ,[object Object],Mangrove trees have prop roots & some have aerial roots. ,[object Object],Some mangrove trees have tube-like fruit that start to germinate while they are still on the trees. When the fruit ripen, they fall into the mud & start to grow.
Structure … Unlike tropical rainforest, mangrove rainforests are classified into 3 parts horizontally. ,[object Object]
Mud is deep and rich in organic matter
Infrequently flooded.,[object Object]
Where are they found? The Tropical Monsoon forests are mostly found in areas from latitude 15 to just beyond the tropic of cancer and the tropic of Capricorn. They are mostly found in: ,[object Object]
Bangladesh
Cambodia
 The south part of china.,[object Object]
Special characteristics of Trees… ,[object Object],Leaves are broad and have drip tips. Unlike trees in tropical rainforests, trees in tropical monsoon forests are deciduous. Deciduous trees shed their leaves to adapt to the dry season. ,[object Object],Trees in tropical rainforests have deep roots.
Structure Monsoon forests are divided into three parts: Ground layer Under canopy layer Canopy layer
Ground layer ,[object Object],    and orchids are common. ,[object Object],[object Object]
Plants grow quickly in areas where sunlight can penetrate through the canopy.,[object Object]
Trees form a continuous canopy layer
Epiphytes, lianas and parasitic plants are commonly found on the trees.,[object Object]
How many types of temperate forests are their? There are two types of temperate forests: 1.Temperate coniferous forests  2. Temperate deciduous forests
Temperate coniferous forests
Where are they found? Temperate Coniferous forests are found mainly between latitudes 40 & 65 in the northern hemisphere.
Difference in plant species Due to the relatively short growing season, this type of forest has very  few species of trees.  Most  of the trees are: ,[object Object]
Pine

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The Earth's natural vegetation

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3. Quotes on the subject
  • 4. What is Natural vegetation? Natural Vegetation refers to plants that grow and develop by themselves without human help .
  • 5. Why do we have to learn about Natural vegetation? The study of natural vegetation is important to geographers for two reasons. Vegetation is an integral part of the physical environment Humans depend on vegetation for food, fuel, shelter, medicine etc.
  • 6. Natural vegetation occurs Is Natural Vegetation part of something? Animals eat the plants The blood helps the grass & plants to grow Natural Vegetation is part of the ecosystem, which is a living, biological community where the plants, animals and humans interact with one another and with their physical environment. For example: the grasses provide food for the animals, which are hunted by the humans living there. Humans hunt down the animals Animals eat the meat The blood and unwanted meat is left behind
  • 7. Can Natural vegetation be classified into other forms of vegetation? Natural Vegetation can be classified into: Forest vegetation Grass land vegetation Desert vegetation
  • 8. Forest vegetation… Forest vegetation is mainly made up of one species of trees.
  • 9. Grass-land Vegetation… Grass-land vegetation is chiefly made up of grasses, scattered trees and small woody plants (shrubs)
  • 10. Desert vegetation… Desert vegetation consists mainly of thorny shrubs and other drought-resistant plants such as the cactus.
  • 11. These three main types of natural vegetation can be further classified into different sub-types. The existence and global distribution of the different types of natural vegetation are influenced mainly by climatic conditions particularly precipitation and temperatures
  • 12. Does temperature effect Natural Vegetation? Natural vegetation tends to be most diverse and abundant in areas near the equator where the average annual rainfall and temperature are high. Between the tropic of cancer (latitude 23.5N) and the tropic of Capricorn (latitude23.5S), the dominant type of natural vegetation is the evergreen tropical rainforests and mangroves that spread along the equator. As one approaches latitudes 10 north & 10 south of the equator, the tropical monsoon forests become more widespread. Travelling from the equator towards the poles, one will encounter changes in the types of natural vegetation. As temperatures drop and precipitation decreases and becomes more variable, one dominant type of forest found in the cool temperature areas is the evergreen temperature coniferous forests
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  • 14. How many types of tropical forests are their? There are three types of tropical forests: 1. Tropical rain forests 2. Mangrove forests 3. Tropical monsoon forests
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  • 17. The Congo Basin of America
  • 18. Indonesia
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  • 22. Shrub layer
  • 23. Under Canopy layer
  • 24. Canopy layer
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  • 28. Shade-tolerant trees like palms and tree ferns are common
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  • 30. Height of canopy layers is between25m and 35m
  • 31. Common woody vines called lianas twine around the tree trunk
  • 32. Epiphytes grow on branches of trees
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  • 34. Trees can grow to more than 40m to capture direct sunlight
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  • 36. Where are they found? Mangrove forests can be found along tropical and subtropical coastal areas. They are usually found along low-lying, sheltered coasts with muddy and waterlogged land.
  • 37. Difference in plant species… The dominant plants in this type of forests are generally those species that have special breathing roots that would enable them to take in oxygen under waterlogged conditions. These trees also have prop roots to anchor them firmly in the soft, muddy ground.
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  • 40. Mud is deep and rich in organic matter
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  • 47. Structure Monsoon forests are divided into three parts: Ground layer Under canopy layer Canopy layer
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  • 50. Trees form a continuous canopy layer
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  • 52. How many types of temperate forests are their? There are two types of temperate forests: 1.Temperate coniferous forests 2. Temperate deciduous forests
  • 54. Where are they found? Temperate Coniferous forests are found mainly between latitudes 40 & 65 in the northern hemisphere.
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  • 56. Pine
  • 57. Cedar
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  • 63. Importance 0f Forests… Forests are intimately linked to the physical, economic and spiritual well-being of people. They provided the basic essential environment & resources for some ancient civilizations to develop & flourish. They are also the sources of our spiritual & artistic inspirations & the storehouses of natural beauty & riches.
  • 64. Green Lungs of the earth… Trees produce it’s own food through photosynthesis. Caron dioxide is absorbed in the process & oxygen is produced.
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  • 66. Food
  • 67. Shelter.Forests are natural home for many plants & animals. Forests have long been the source of food for humans since their early days as hunters and gathers. Forests are important for humans as they provide with suitable land to carry out traditional shifting cultivation.
  • 68. Raw Materials There are two types of timber: Hardwood Softwood.
  • 69. Hardwood Examples of hardwood are: Mahogany rosewood Teak
  • 70. Softwood Examples of softwood are: Pine Hemlock Fir Redwood Spruce cedar
  • 71. Recreational Areas Forests are popular for out door activities such as camping, fishing, sight-seeing and hiking.
  • 72. Water Catchment Basins Forests are important water catchment basins. The quantity as well as the quality of water in the rivers & lakes depend on size. Forests are also important for controlling flooding in the lowlands.
  • 73. For watching the presentation L0NG

Notas do Editor

  1. 7-p6