Internet search techniques by zakir hossain

Welcome to
Internet Search Techniques Presentation Session
How to find Teaching and Learning
Materials on the Internet?
Location: SEAMEO RETRAC LAB
Date: 28/11/2012

Internet Search Techniques
How to Search Online Resources
Zakir Hossain
(M.A. in Information Science & Library Management)
Certified Internet Search Expert from Google.com
Manager of SEAMEO RETRAC LIC-Vietnam

What is Internet?
Simply the internet is a global network of interconnected networks.
Introduction
What is WWW?
The World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW or W3, commonly known as the
Web), is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.
(Wikipedia)

Is Web and Internet the Same?
The Internet is not synonymous with World Wide Web. The Internet
is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure.
It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a
network in which any computer can communicate with any
other computer as long as they are both connected to the
Internet. The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of
accessing information over the medium of the Internet. It is an
information-sharing model that is built on top of the Internet.
What is http?
Hypertext Transfer (or Transport) Protocol, the data transfer protocol used on
the World Wide Web.

Search Engine
A web search engine is designed to search for information on
the World Wide Web/www. The information may be a specialist in
web pages, images, information and other types of files. Some
search engines also mine data available in databases or open
directories.

Keyword Search Engines
You know what you're looking for, and can describe it with some keywords or
phrases.
Google (www.google.com)(hybrid)
Yahoo (www.yahoo.com) (hybrid)
Bing (www.bing.com)
WebNocular (www.webnocular.com)
Slikk (www.slikk.com), etc.
Index or Directory based search engines
These search engines arrange data in hierarchies from broad to narrow. Good if
you need an overview of a subject or you're not entirely sure of what you want.
For example-
Yahoo Directory (www.yahoo.com)
Open Directory (www.dmoz.org)
Meta/ Multi Search Engines
Meta search engines take the results from all the other search engines results, and
combine them into one large listing. Examples of Meta search engines include:
Metacrawler (www.metacrawler.com)
Dogpile (www.dogpile.com)
Forelook (http://www.forelook.com) for Google, Bing, Delicious,
Flickr, YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, Wolfram, etc.
Types of Search Engines

This Presentation will let you know-
1. What is Google?
2. What Services does Google have?
3. How Google works?
4. Google Web Search Basics
5. Tips for Searching the Web
6. Special Syntax to get specific information
7. Advanced Search
8. Google Scholar
9. Setting Preferences
10. Google Search Results
11. Google Search Results
12. How to find the authenticity of information?
13. How to find the authenticity of websites?

1. What is Google?
• Google: Google is an American multinational corporation which provides Internet-
related products and services, including internet search, cloud computing, software
and advertising technologies. The company was founded by Larry Page and Sergey
Brin while both attended Stanford University.
• Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin
when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in California.
 Google is a full-text search engine, which uses computerized "spiders" to index
millions, sometimes billions, of pages, allowing for much narrower searches than
searchable subject index, which searches only the titles and descriptions of sites,
and doesn't search individual pages
 Google is case-insensitive. If you search for Three, tHRee, THREE, or even THREE,
you get the same results.
 Singular is different from plural. Searches for apple and apples turn up different
pages
 The order of words matters. Google considers the first word most important, the
second word next, and so on
 Google ignores most little words, including "I," "where," "how," "the," "of," "an,"
"for," "from," "how," 'it," "in," and "is,“. Google ignores most punctuation, except
apostrophes, hyphens, and quote marks
 Google returns pages that match your search terms exactly
 Google search word limit is 32

2. What Services does Google have?
 Google Alerts - http://www.google.com/alerts - Google Alerts are email
updates of the latest relevant Google results (web, news, etc.) based on your
choice of query or topic
 Google News Search – http://news.google.com/
 Google Blog Search - http://blogsearch.google.com/
 Google Book Search - http://books.google.com/
 Google Image Search - http://images.google.com/
 Google Maps Search - http://maps.google.com/
 Google Product Search - http://www.google.com/products
 Google Scholar Search - http://scholar.google.com
• Google Group Search - http://groups.google.com
• Google Video Search - http://video.google.com/
 Google Mobile - http://www.google.com/mobile/
 Google Earth - http://earth.google.com/
 Google Finance - http://finance.google.com/
 Google Blog - http://www.blogger.com
 Google Photo - http://picasaweb.google.com
 Google Language Tools - http://www.google.com/language_tools
• Google Pack - http://pack.google.com
• Google Gmail - http://gmail.google.com & Alerts- www.google.com/alerts
• Google Labs - http://labs.google.com/ etc.

3. How Google Works?
 Google runs on a distributed network of thousands of
computers and can therefore carry out fast parallel
processing. Google has three distinct parts
 Googlebot, Google’s Web Crawler
 Googlebot is Google’s web crawling robot, which finds and
retrieves pages on the web and hands them off to the Google
indexer
 Google Indexer
 This index is sorted alphabetically by search term, with each
index entry storing a list of documents in which the term
appears and the location within the text where it occurs
 Google Query’s Processor
 The query processor has several parts, including the user
interface (search box), the “engine” that evaluates queries and
matches them to relevant documents, and the results formatter

3.1 How Google Works?
3. may show students.FLV

4. Google Web Search Basics
1. Basic Boolean Search
 Google's Boolean default is AND, which means that if you enter query words
without modifiers, Google will search for all your query words. Like- Search
Technique= Search AND Technique.
 If you prefer to specify that any one word or phrase is acceptable, put an OR
(in capital letter), lower case or won’t work correctly. For example: enter
Yahoo OR Google.
 A computer programming character | can work like OR (e.g. Yahoo | Google)
 If you want to search for a particular term along with two or more other
terms, group the other terms within parentheses, like so “search techniques”
(Yahoo OR Google)
 AND Operator retrieves records in which BOTH of the search terms are
present

3. Negation
 If you want to specify that a query item must not appear in your
results, prepend a (minus sign or dash): “search techniques” –
Google. This will search the pages that contain “search techniques”,
but not the word Google
 Note that the symbol must appear directly before the word or phrase
that you don't want. If there's space between, as in the following
query, it won't work as expected “search techniques” – Google
4. Explicit Inclusion
 Google will search for all the keywords and phrases that you specify,
however, there are certain words that Google will ignore because they
are considered too common to be of any use in the search (e.g. “a”,
“the”, “of”, etc.)
 You can force Google to take a stop word into account by pre-pending
a + (plus) character, as in +the “search techniques”.
4.1 Google Web Search Basics
2. Phrase Searches
 If you want Google to find you matches where the keywords appear
together as a phrase, surround them with quotes, like this “search
techniques”

5. Synonyms
 The Google synonym operator, the ~ (tilde) character, pre-pended to
any number of keywords in your query, asks Google to include not
only exact matches, but also what it thinks are synonyms for each of
the keywords. Searching for: ~ape turns up results for monkey,
gorilla, chimpanzee, and others (both singular and plural forms) of
the ape or related family, as if you'd searched for: monkey gorilla
chimpanzee (Synonyms are bolded along with exact keyword
matches on the results page, so they're easy to spot)
6. Number Range
 The number range operator, .. (two periods), looks for results that fall
inside your specified numeric range (e.g. digital camera 3..5
megapixel $800..$1000)
 You can also use the number range syntax with just one number,
making it the minimum or maximum of your query (e.g. digital
camera ..5 megapixel $800..)
 Conversion: degree to Fahrenheit, ft-inch, mile to km & currency etc.

7. Simple Searching and Feeling Lucky
 The I'm Feeling Lucky™ button is a thing of beauty. Rather than giving
you a list of search results from which to choose, you're whisked away to
what Google believes is the most relevant page given your search (i.e.,
the first result in the list). Entering Washington post and clicking the
I'm Feeling Lucky button takes you directly to
http://www.washingtonpost.com.
8. Searching Within Your Results
 Help you narrow down your results to find the really relevant pages
within your results pages only.
 Click Search within results link at the bottom of every results page. It
will shows below and you can enter another keyword

And
1. How to best use of email i.e. Gmail /yahoo?
2. how to quickly find text on a page?
3. Hovering over the page preview tool (>> icon to the right of search
results) allows you to preview results pages.
4. Google search features include weather, time, flight numbers,
earthquakes, world capitals, sunrise/sunset times, movies, stock quotes,
sports scores, package tracking numbers, medical conditions, and
medications. Check out the full list of search features.
5. Enter any math equation into the search box, and Google will calculate
your answer.
6. Limit results to sources published during a specific time period by
clicking on Search Tools in the left panel, then selecting the appropriate
time range.

1. Be Natural: Type in what you want to know, rather than a list of
synonyms. Websites are written in flowing language, and search engines are
being taught to understand the same.
2. Use Rare Words : The more unusual or uncommon the keywords you
use are, the more specific the results will be. Taking a moment to think of a
valid yet uncommon word is a valuable technique. Like- alcohol and Vodka.
3. Most Important Word First: From personal experience with Google, I
have found putting the word that is most important to your search in first,
gets slightly better results.
4. Reverse Questions: Search engines look for pieces of text that match
your query. Web pages are more likely to contain answers than questions -
so search for the answer. Phrase your query how you would expect the
answer to read - the difference appears slight, but it makes a huge
difference. Say- "IRS stands for" rather than "What does IRS stand for?"
"sky is blue because" instead of "Why is the sky blue?"
5. Dead Link Solutions: Try shortening the URL to the next subheading.
Keep doing so until you get to the point that works. Then browse from there
to see if you can track down the file that you want.
Example- If http://www.spock.com/jim/life/not_as_we_know_it.html returns an error,
Try http://www.spock.com/jim/life/ and if you still get an error,
try http://www.spock.com/jim/ and so on down to the root domain
http://www.spock.com
5. Tips for Searching the Web

6. Special Syntax to get specific information
 site: allows you to narrow your search by a site or by a top-
level domain
site:edu
 In url: restricts your search to the URLs of web pages. This
syntax usually works well for finding search and help pages
because they tend to be regular in composition. An allinurl:
variation finds all the words listed in a URL
inurl:help
 the "intitle:" operator as in [intitle:mars] only returns results
that include your search term in the document's title.
 link: returns a list of pages that link to the specified URL.
Enter link:www.google.com and you'll get a list of pages that
link to the Google home page, http://www.google.com (not
anywhere in the google.com domain)
 cache: finds a copy of the page that Google indexed even if
that page is no longer available at its original URL or has
since changed its content completely

6.1 Special Syntax to get specific information
http://www.google.com/options/specialsearches.html
 File type: searches the suffixes or filename extensions
"leading economic indicators" filet type:ppt
 related: , as you might expect, finds pages that are related to
the specified page. This is a good way to find categories of
pages; a search for related: google.com returns a variety of
search engines, including Lycos, Yahoo!, and Northern Light
info:www.nytimes.com/technology
 phonebook: , as you might expect, looks up phone numbers
phonebook:(510) 555-1212 or phonebook: <name>
 define: gives you a page full of definitions of a word from
around the Web
 movie: syntax to find reviews of movies on the Web
 music: explicitly searches for music-related information

7.1 Advanced Search
Advanced Search brings to you everything which you can
search using keyword such as file type, in url, in title
etc.

7.2 Google translation
How to translate teaching materials from one langue to another?
Google Translate is a free statistical multilingual machine-translation service
provided by Google Inc. to translate written text from one language into
another. It accepts voice input for 15 languages and allows translation of a
word or phrase into one of more than 50 languages. Translations can be
spoken out loud in 23 different languages.

7.3 Google Book Search
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search and Google Print) is
a service from Google Inc. that searches the full text of books and magazines
that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition,
and stored in its digital database. As of March 2012, the number of scanned
books was over 20 million, but the scanning process has slowed down.[13]
Google estimated in 2010 that there were about 130 million unique books in
the world,[14][15] and stated that it intended to scan all of them by the end of the
decade.

7.4 Google Video Search (YouTube)
How to find video cliffs for teaching or learning?
YouTube is a video-sharing website, created by three former PayPal employees
in February 2005, on which users can upload, view and share videos.

7.4 Google Image Search Tips
• You can identify an image using Google search by using the "Search by Image"
feature.
• Visit images.google.com, or any Images results page, and click the camera icon
in the search box. Enter an image URL for an image hosted on the web or
upload an image from your computer.
• You can also learn more about Search by Image here.
• Search by Image is supported on these browsers: Chrome, Firefox 3.0+,
Internet Explorer 8+, and Safari 5.0+.
• To Search by Image on an Android device, use an app like Google Goggles to
take a photo of an object or image.
• Search by Image is not currently supported on tablet browsers.
Use SafeSearch
The Web is full of inappropriate graphics, and although Google Image Search
does not index pornographic sites, inappropriate pictures still might show up
inadvertently on some searches. Use the SafeSearch feature to filter out
inappropriate pictures. You can choose No filtering, Use moderate filtering, or
Use strict filtering

7.5 Advanced Image Search
Advance Image Search

What is Google Scholar?
Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly
literature. From one place, you can search across many disciplines
and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions,
from academic publishers, professional societies, online
repositories, universities and other web sites. Google Scholar helps
you find relevant work across the world of scholarly research.
8. Google Scholar and its Features

Author search
Author search is one of the most effective ways to find a specific paper. If you
know who wrote the paper you're looking for, you can simply add their last
name to your search terms.
For Example- [author:flowers] returns papers written by people with the name
Flowers, whereas [flowers -author:flowers] returns papers about flowers, and
ignores papers written by people with the name Flowers (a minus in front of a
search term excludes results that contain this search term).
You may use the operator with an author's full name in quotes to further refine
your search. Try to use initials rather than full first names, because some sources
indexed in Google Scholar only provide the initials.
For Example- To find papers by Donald E. Knuth, you could try [author:"d
knuth"], [author:"de knuth"], or [author:"donald e knuth"].
Date restrict
Date-restricted searches can be effective when you're looking for the latest
developments in a given area. The dropdown menu labeled anytime, which is
available on all search results pages, allows you to limit the search to commonly
used recent periods. The Advanced Scholar Search page allows you to restrict
your search to other periods.
8.1 Advanced Scholar Search Tips

Find an interesting abstract or citation that you wish you could read? In many
cases you may have access to the complete document through your library -- and
Google Scholar can show you when you do.
Google works with libraries to determine which journals and papers they've
subscribed to electronically, and then links to articles from those sources when
they're available. Once you tell us what library you're a member of, we'll keep an
eye out for that library's subscription materials and provide special links to them
in your search results.
8.3 Google Scholar Library Links

Google Scholar added the option to get email alerts when new articles
related to your interests are published.
Gmail: import contacts, Create Group ect.
8.4 Google Scholar Email Alerts

8.5 Google Scholar Citations
• Google Scholar Citations provides a simple way for authors to keep track of
citations to their articles. You can check who is citing your publications, graph
citations over time, and compute several citation metrics. You can also make
your profile public, so that it may appear in Google Scholar results when
people search for your name, e.g., richard feynman.

10.1 Google Search Results
 Google Logo: Click on the Google logo to go to Google’s home
page.
 Statistics Bar: Describes your search, includes the number of
results on the current results page and an estimate of the total
number of results, as well as the time your search took. For the
sake of efficiency, Google just estimates the number of results
 Dictionary Definition: Every underlined term in the statistics bar
is linked to its dictionary definition. Queries that are linked to just
one definition are followed by a definition link.
 Search Results: Ordered by relevance to your query, with the
result that Google considers the most relevant listed first.
Consequently you are likely to find what you’re seeking quickly by
looking at the results in the order in which they appear. Google
assesses relevance by considering over a hundred factors,
including how many other pages link to the page, the positions of
the search terms within the page, and the proximity of the search
terms to one another

 You will see these buttons if you’re currently logged in with Gmail account
 Promote button: Promote a website to higher order
 Remove button: Remove a website from search results
 Comment button: Comment for a website
 Page Title: (blue) The web page’s title, if the page has one, or its URL if the page
has no title or if Google has not indexed all of the page’s content.
 Snippets: (black) Each search result usually includes one or more short excerpts
of the text that matches your query with your search terms in boldface type. Each
distinct excerpt or snippet is separated by an ellipsis (…)
 URL of Result: (green) Web address of the search result
 Size: (green) The size of the text portion of the web page. It is omitted for sites not
yet indexed. In the screen shot, “12k” means that the text portion of the web page
is 12 kilobytes

 Date: (green) Sometimes the date Google crawled a page appears just after
the size of the page. The date tells you the freshness of Google’s copy of the
page. Dates are included for pages that have recently had a fresh crawl.
 Indented Result: When Google finds multiple results from the same
website, it lists the most relevant result first with the second most relevant
page from that same site indented below it.
 More Results: When there are more than two results from the same site,
access the remaining results from the “More results from…” link.
 Catch pages: Google takes a snapshot of each page it examines and caches
(stores) that version as a back-up. The cached version is what Google uses
to judge if a page is a good match for your query. Practically every search
result includes a Cached link. Clicking on that link takes you to the Google
cached version of that web page, instead of the current version of the page.
This is useful if the original page is unavailable.

 Similar pages: results similar to current Google search result.
 Spelling corrections and suggestions: Google automatically
checks whether you are using the most common spelling of each
word in your query.
 Translation: provides a translation link and language tools to
enable you to read pages written in unfamil.iar languages

 File type conversion: If you can’t view the page in the native format —
for instance, if you don’t have Adobe Acrobat on your computer, or if you
want faster access to the file — click on either the “View as HTML” or
“View as Text” link

11. How to find the authenticity of information?
Search Tips:
• Verify the credibility of information you find on the web.
• Avoid confirmation bias when conducting searches.
• To verify the source of a piece of information, use the precise information you
have.
• To confirm a fact, use a generic description for what you seek.
• Example: [average length octopus] will give you information about how long
an octopus is. [18 inch long octopus] will give you sources with examples of
octopuses of that length.

• Use a query containing WHOIS to identify the owner of a particular website.
• If you see a second company listed as a contact on the WHOIS page, then a
relationship exists between the two companies; you can then do another
search to determine that relationship.
• Example: [whois] finds WHOIS registries you can use. Find the search box for
the registry, and enter [zagat.com]. See that Google is the registrant. Search for
[google zagat], which leads to the information that Google acquired Zagat.
• The US Chamber of Commerce operates the WHOIS search available at
http://www.internic.net/whois.html; alternative WHOIS registries also exist.
• If you don’t know a company's website, you can search for the company’s name
in Google and locate the web address.
There is on parameter to justify the authenticity of websites. However these might
be the part of bona-fide websites links.
.org
.edu
.gov
.mil
.au/ .ca/ .my/ .bd/ .vn etc
http://www.whois.com/
12. How to find the authenticity of websites?

13. Websites for Teaching & Learning English
Organized by Library
• http://www.nypl.org/help/community-outreach/immigrant-services/learn-
esol-online-resources
• http://www.surreylibraries.ca/programs-services/4875.aspx#ESLDatabases
• http://library.santaclaraca.gov/index.aspx?page=2099
• http://libraryonline.leedsmet.ac.uk/pages/resources/for_your_subject/englis
h_language_teaching/how_do_i_find_information_on/learning_english
• http://www.fergusonlibrary.org/welcome-to-america/resources-learn-
english
• http://www.library.ln.edu.hk/eresources/language/english.htm
• http://www.southampton.ac.uk/cls/resources/weblinks/english.html
Others
• http://www.britishcouncil.org/france-english-learn-english-online.htm
• http://www.mylanguage.gov.au/resources-and-ideas/tools-and-
resources/english-learning-resources.html
• http://www.slq.qld.gov.au/info/lang/esl/online
• http://ut1english.blogspot.com/
• http://www.betteratenglish.com/video-audio-english-learning-resources/

Some English Learning Sites
• http://www.manythings.org/repeat/
• http://www.esolcourses.com/content/topicsmenu/listening.html
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UE85baiC9_M
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ag4qoNzEH4w
• http://eps.schoolspecialty.com/downloads/articles/prefix-
suffixwordlist.pdf
• http://usefulenglish.ru/phonetics/english-consonant-sounds
• http://bogglesworldesl.com/consonantblends.htm
General website
– http://www.everythingesl.net/inservices/elementary_sites_ells_
71638.php
• Reading
– http://www.starfall.com/
• Writing
• Speaking
• Listening
– http://www.storylineonline.net/
– http://www.esl-lab.com/

Even More
• Learn English Online: Beginner & Advanced online English
http://www.pollysworld.co.uk/
• Learn English-See, Hear, Speak and Write English: Free Online Video Course
http://www.hugosite.com/
• Learning English - Grammar, Vocabulary, Exercises, Exams - Materials for
Teaching and Learning English.
www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/
• English as a second or foreign language (ESL / EFL), English exercises and
activities, online English ...
www.world-english.org/
• English Daily - Learn American idioms, English conversation, common
mistakes, exercises and slang.
www.englishdaily626.com/
• Free English teaching and learning materials for ESL or EFL
www.eslgold.com/
• Welcome to Pronunciation Power
www.englishlearning.com

“Google Can Bring You Back 100,000 Answers,
A Librarian Can Back You The Right One”
-Neil Gaiman
THANK YOU
Xin Com On

Internet search techniques by zakir hossain

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