1. Passives
The book was written by Aina
The student was scolded
The mouse was eaten by the cat
e.g.
Definition

3. The painting was stolen
Verb raising & NP
Movement

4. The balls were painted

5. She was shocked (?)

6. Relative clauses
He knows the team which Adele chose
Relative clause
Noun Phrase

7. Relative clauses
1. He knows that the team will win
1. He knows the team which Adele chose
Figure 5.12
Complement clause
Relative clause
Appears in
NP
Verb Phrase
Both comp cl &
relative cl are
embedded clauses

8. • Figure 5.28 n 5.29
The car which Leslie
bought
Note:
+ Rel
=
Relative
pronoun
who, that
which, whom,
whose

9. What’s the difference between relative
pronouns and complementizers?
• 1. He knows that the team will win
• 2. He knows the team that will win
Complementizer
Relative pronoun

10. The team which will win

11. The book which Zool read

12. The book Zool read (?)
• This relative clause has undergone ‘wh
deletion’
• The book which Zool read The book _
Zool read
Note: Not all Rel
Cl can undergo
wh-deletion
I know the guy who bought
the car
I know the guy _ bought the
car

13. When can we apply wh-deletion?
• 1. I like the car which Ali bought
• 2. I like the story that she told
• 3. I like the girl who painted the wall
• 4. I like cars which can go fast