SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 15
Download to read offline
BRAIN DRAIN FROM PAKISTAN
HIRA NOOR
ZOHA NAEEM
SAMEER AHAD HAQ
CONTENTS
• What is Brain Drain
• History of brain drain
• Reasons for brain drain
• Brain drain in Pakistan
• Reasons of brain drain from Pakistan
• Effects of brain drain
Positive effects
Negative effects
• Measures to stop brain drain
• Conclusion
WHAT IS BRAIN DRAIN?
• The loss of skilled, intellectual and technical labor through
their movement to more favorable geographic, economic, or
professional environments.
• It can be simply defined as the mass emigration of technically
skilled people from one country to another country.
• Brain-drain is also termed as “human capital flight” because it
resembles the case of capital flight.
HISTORY OF BRAIN
DRAIN
• The term originated about 1960.
• In 1960, many British scientists
and intellectuals emigrated to the
United States for a better working
climate.
• Its meaning has broadened into:
the departure of educated or
professional people from one
country.
Neil Bohr
Albert Einstein
WHY BRAIN DRAINS?
• Lack of better opportunity
• Political instability
• Health risks
• Personal conflicts
• Poor Conditions of Service
• Disregard for Local Talent
• Economic under development.
WHY BRAIN DRAINS?
• Lack of research and other facilities
• Lack of freedom
• Poor working facilities
• Unsuitable institution.
• Desire for a better urban life
• Desire for higher qualification and recognition
• Lack of satisfactory working conditions.
• Europe as “GREEN PASTURES” for doctors
• Lack of variety in specializations
• Disregard for local degrees
• Lack of job opportunities
• Merit systems
• Lack of infrastructure
• High corporate tax rate
REASONS FOR BRAIN
DRAIN
• Lack of scientific tradition and culture
• Over production and under utilization of HQM.
• Discrimination in appointment and promotion.
• Lack of research and other facilities
• Income inequalities
• Ten times more earning than home country.
REASONS FOR BRAIN
DRAIN
• Receiving of millions of dollars in shape of
remittance sent back to Pakistan every year.
• Creating space for freshmen here.
• Population decrease.
• People bring technology, skills and new ideas
from abroad.
• Higher rate of people starting capital intensive
enterprises.
POSITIVE EFFECTS
• Money remittance has reduced the severity of
poverty to some extent.
• Money sent are invested in education, housing
and health.
• Improved quality of education by insuring
international standards and training.
• Improved competitiveness in home country as
international degrees are held in higher esteem.
POSITIVE EFFECTS
NEGATIVE EFFECTS
• The loss of high quality manpower.
• Huge loss of foreign exchange due to
hiring of foreign experts.
• Government spends billions of rupees
for education of experts.
• Rampant corruption, poor
administrations, lack of motivation
and fast diminishing nationalism.
• Loss of Health Services.
MEASURES TAKEN
• National Research Program for Universities
(NRPU)
• TTU performance based pay system by HEC
• Foreign faculty members of Pakistani origin are
encouraged to come and transfer their expertise
• Transfer of knowledge through expatriate
nationals (TOKTEN) (UNDP)
• Initiative for 11 foreign universities
• Delaying emigration
For example :
Doctors may be asked to stay on for two years.
• Tax proposals
For example :
Native professionals pay a percent of income earning abroad.
• Fix govt. policies
MEASURES TO STOP BRAIN
DRAIN
MEASURES TO STOP BRAIN
DRAIN
• Revive HEC
Build new universities
Conduct evening classes in campuses.
• PIA should allow a 50% discount for all students of
Pakistani origin on international routes.
• Entering into international agreements
For not to recruit skilled people from
less-developed countries.
• Our leaders often deliver lengthy speeches but no worthy
positive steps have been taken.
• Our government has not even asked Pakistani professionals to
return back and serve their country.
“Reversing the brain drain is a key priority for us.”
CONCLUSION

More Related Content

What's hot

38132070 brain-drain
38132070 brain-drain38132070 brain-drain
38132070 brain-draingyanchandi
 
Presentation1 brain drain
Presentation1 brain drainPresentation1 brain drain
Presentation1 brain drainSujay Pal
 
Globalization and Migration Qualified Labor to the United States
Globalization and Migration Qualified Labor to the United StatesGlobalization and Migration Qualified Labor to the United States
Globalization and Migration Qualified Labor to the United Statesİzmir University of Economics
 
Brain drain
Brain drainBrain drain
Brain drainDarshit
 
Brain drain in pakistan
Brain drain in pakistanBrain drain in pakistan
Brain drain in pakistanAnsar Gill
 
Presentation on Brain drain
Presentation on Brain drain Presentation on Brain drain
Presentation on Brain drain umang mangal
 
BRAIN DRAIN FROM Pakistan
BRAIN DRAIN FROM PakistanBRAIN DRAIN FROM Pakistan
BRAIN DRAIN FROM Pakistanaini ain
 
Brain drain from pakistan by adnan & co.
Brain drain from pakistan by adnan & co.Brain drain from pakistan by adnan & co.
Brain drain from pakistan by adnan & co.Muhammad Adnan Sami
 
Brain drain in India
Brain drain in IndiaBrain drain in India
Brain drain in IndiaIshan Khanna
 
Migration - Brain Drain or Brain Gain
Migration - Brain Drain or Brain GainMigration - Brain Drain or Brain Gain
Migration - Brain Drain or Brain GainJelena Đukić
 
Brain drain in pakistan
Brain drain in pakistanBrain drain in pakistan
Brain drain in pakistannnimra198
 
Brain drain in the Philippines
Brain drain in the PhilippinesBrain drain in the Philippines
Brain drain in the Philippinesohnu93
 

What's hot (20)

38132070 brain-drain
38132070 brain-drain38132070 brain-drain
38132070 brain-drain
 
Brain drain Presentation
Brain drain PresentationBrain drain Presentation
Brain drain Presentation
 
Brain drain
Brain drainBrain drain
Brain drain
 
Brain Drain
Brain DrainBrain Drain
Brain Drain
 
Presentation1 brain drain
Presentation1 brain drainPresentation1 brain drain
Presentation1 brain drain
 
Globalization and Migration Qualified Labor to the United States
Globalization and Migration Qualified Labor to the United StatesGlobalization and Migration Qualified Labor to the United States
Globalization and Migration Qualified Labor to the United States
 
Brain drain
Brain drainBrain drain
Brain drain
 
Brain drain
Brain drainBrain drain
Brain drain
 
Brain drain in pakistan
Brain drain in pakistanBrain drain in pakistan
Brain drain in pakistan
 
Presentation on Brain drain
Presentation on Brain drain Presentation on Brain drain
Presentation on Brain drain
 
brain Drain
brain Drainbrain Drain
brain Drain
 
BRAIN DRAIN FROM Pakistan
BRAIN DRAIN FROM PakistanBRAIN DRAIN FROM Pakistan
BRAIN DRAIN FROM Pakistan
 
Brain drain
Brain drainBrain drain
Brain drain
 
Brain drain from pakistan by adnan & co.
Brain drain from pakistan by adnan & co.Brain drain from pakistan by adnan & co.
Brain drain from pakistan by adnan & co.
 
Brain drain in pakistan
Brain drain in pakistanBrain drain in pakistan
Brain drain in pakistan
 
Brain drain in India
Brain drain in IndiaBrain drain in India
Brain drain in India
 
Migration - Brain Drain or Brain Gain
Migration - Brain Drain or Brain GainMigration - Brain Drain or Brain Gain
Migration - Brain Drain or Brain Gain
 
Brain drain in pakistan
Brain drain in pakistanBrain drain in pakistan
Brain drain in pakistan
 
Brain drain in the Philippines
Brain drain in the PhilippinesBrain drain in the Philippines
Brain drain in the Philippines
 
Brain Drain Advantages and Disadvantages
Brain Drain Advantages and DisadvantagesBrain Drain Advantages and Disadvantages
Brain Drain Advantages and Disadvantages
 

Viewers also liked

Brain Drain in the Philippines
Brain Drain in the PhilippinesBrain Drain in the Philippines
Brain Drain in the Philippinesjenniferpurgill
 
Social problems of pakistan and their solutions by Nadeem Wagan
Social problems of pakistan and their solutions  by Nadeem WaganSocial problems of pakistan and their solutions  by Nadeem Wagan
Social problems of pakistan and their solutions by Nadeem WaganNadeem Wagan Wagan
 
presentation on child labour
presentation on child labourpresentation on child labour
presentation on child labourMuhammad Bilal
 
Brain drain 1 (1)
Brain drain 1 (1)Brain drain 1 (1)
Brain drain 1 (1)Như Trần
 
What Are The Effect Of Education
What Are The Effect Of EducationWhat Are The Effect Of Education
What Are The Effect Of EducationKidzrio
 
John Cole Director of the Health Estates Investment Group NI and Richard Mur...
John Cole Director of the Health Estates Investment Group NI and  Richard Mur...John Cole Director of the Health Estates Investment Group NI and  Richard Mur...
John Cole Director of the Health Estates Investment Group NI and Richard Mur...Architects for Health
 

Viewers also liked (11)

Brain drain
Brain drainBrain drain
Brain drain
 
Brain Drain in the Philippines
Brain Drain in the PhilippinesBrain Drain in the Philippines
Brain Drain in the Philippines
 
Social problems of pakistan and their solutions by Nadeem Wagan
Social problems of pakistan and their solutions  by Nadeem WaganSocial problems of pakistan and their solutions  by Nadeem Wagan
Social problems of pakistan and their solutions by Nadeem Wagan
 
presentation on child labour
presentation on child labourpresentation on child labour
presentation on child labour
 
Child labour presentation
Child labour presentationChild labour presentation
Child labour presentation
 
Migración y países en desarrollo por Jeff Dayton-Johnson. Centro de Desarroll...
Migración y países en desarrollo por Jeff Dayton-Johnson. Centro de Desarroll...Migración y países en desarrollo por Jeff Dayton-Johnson. Centro de Desarroll...
Migración y países en desarrollo por Jeff Dayton-Johnson. Centro de Desarroll...
 
Brain drain 1 (1)
Brain drain 1 (1)Brain drain 1 (1)
Brain drain 1 (1)
 
What Are The Effect Of Education
What Are The Effect Of EducationWhat Are The Effect Of Education
What Are The Effect Of Education
 
John Cole Director of the Health Estates Investment Group NI and Richard Mur...
John Cole Director of the Health Estates Investment Group NI and  Richard Mur...John Cole Director of the Health Estates Investment Group NI and  Richard Mur...
John Cole Director of the Health Estates Investment Group NI and Richard Mur...
 
Brain drain
Brain drainBrain drain
Brain drain
 
Jaago welfare-society-flood-Photos
Jaago welfare-society-flood-PhotosJaago welfare-society-flood-Photos
Jaago welfare-society-flood-Photos
 

Similar to Brain drain (18)

Present
PresentPresent
Present
 
Brainiacs
BrainiacsBrainiacs
Brainiacs
 
Brain_Drain.pptx
Brain_Drain.pptxBrain_Drain.pptx
Brain_Drain.pptx
 
BrAIN GAIN
BrAIN GAINBrAIN GAIN
BrAIN GAIN
 
Deshians
DeshiansDeshians
Deshians
 
NIH Diversity Training Grants: Enhancing Your Research, Promoting Diversity
NIH Diversity Training Grants: Enhancing Your Research, Promoting DiversityNIH Diversity Training Grants: Enhancing Your Research, Promoting Diversity
NIH Diversity Training Grants: Enhancing Your Research, Promoting Diversity
 
Brain Drain in Bangladesh.pptx
Brain Drain in Bangladesh.pptxBrain Drain in Bangladesh.pptx
Brain Drain in Bangladesh.pptx
 
Smart move4visas immigration trends 2013
Smart move4visas   immigration trends 2013Smart move4visas   immigration trends 2013
Smart move4visas immigration trends 2013
 
Dialogue january march2011_31-55
Dialogue january march2011_31-55Dialogue january march2011_31-55
Dialogue january march2011_31-55
 
Educational mobility in nepal
Educational mobility in nepalEducational mobility in nepal
Educational mobility in nepal
 
Braind drain
Braind drainBraind drain
Braind drain
 
hrm report
hrm reporthrm report
hrm report
 
Public Diplomacy Part-I.pptx
Public Diplomacy Part-I.pptxPublic Diplomacy Part-I.pptx
Public Diplomacy Part-I.pptx
 
AlHuda CIBE - World Poverty
AlHuda CIBE - World PovertyAlHuda CIBE - World Poverty
AlHuda CIBE - World Poverty
 
Issue 412
Issue 412Issue 412
Issue 412
 
Globalization |Globalization Challenges for Pakistan|Technology in Pakistan|C...
Globalization |Globalization Challenges for Pakistan|Technology in Pakistan|C...Globalization |Globalization Challenges for Pakistan|Technology in Pakistan|C...
Globalization |Globalization Challenges for Pakistan|Technology in Pakistan|C...
 
1H3P1A
1H3P1A1H3P1A
1H3P1A
 
Poverty In Pakistan
Poverty In PakistanPoverty In Pakistan
Poverty In Pakistan
 

More from Zoha Qureshi

Market Structure- Micro Economics
Market Structure- Micro EconomicsMarket Structure- Micro Economics
Market Structure- Micro EconomicsZoha Qureshi
 
The Production And Cost C M A
The  Production And  Cost   C M AThe  Production And  Cost   C M A
The Production And Cost C M AZoha Qureshi
 
Managing current assets-CMA
Managing current assets-CMAManaging current assets-CMA
Managing current assets-CMAZoha Qureshi
 
Job Order Slides CMA
Job Order Slides CMAJob Order Slides CMA
Job Order Slides CMAZoha Qureshi
 
Cost Concepts- CMA
Cost Concepts- CMACost Concepts- CMA
Cost Concepts- CMAZoha Qureshi
 
Introduction Q Ti A
Introduction  Q Ti AIntroduction  Q Ti A
Introduction Q Ti AZoha Qureshi
 
Overview Of Factor Analysis Q Ti A
Overview Of  Factor  Analysis  Q Ti AOverview Of  Factor  Analysis  Q Ti A
Overview Of Factor Analysis Q Ti AZoha Qureshi
 
Book Exploratory F A Q Ti A
Book    Exploratory  F A  Q Ti ABook    Exploratory  F A  Q Ti A
Book Exploratory F A Q Ti AZoha Qureshi
 
1. F A Using S P S S1 (Saq.Sav) Q Ti A
1.  F A Using  S P S S1 (Saq.Sav)   Q Ti A1.  F A Using  S P S S1 (Saq.Sav)   Q Ti A
1. F A Using S P S S1 (Saq.Sav) Q Ti AZoha Qureshi
 
Important Terminologies In Statistical Inference I I
Important Terminologies In  Statistical  Inference  I IImportant Terminologies In  Statistical  Inference  I I
Important Terminologies In Statistical Inference I IZoha Qureshi
 
Important Terminologies In Statistical Inference
Important  Terminologies In  Statistical  InferenceImportant  Terminologies In  Statistical  Inference
Important Terminologies In Statistical InferenceZoha Qureshi
 
Marketing Terminologies Marketing
Marketing Terminologies   MarketingMarketing Terminologies   Marketing
Marketing Terminologies MarketingZoha Qureshi
 
Marketing Environment Marketing
Marketing  Environment   MarketingMarketing  Environment   Marketing
Marketing Environment MarketingZoha Qureshi
 
Introduction To Marketing Marketing
Introduction To  Marketing   MarketingIntroduction To  Marketing   Marketing
Introduction To Marketing MarketingZoha Qureshi
 
Customer Relationship And Strategic Planning Marketing
Customer  Relationship And  Strategic  Planning   MarketingCustomer  Relationship And  Strategic  Planning   Marketing
Customer Relationship And Strategic Planning MarketingZoha Qureshi
 
Time Value Of Money F F M
Time  Value Of  Money   F F MTime  Value Of  Money   F F M
Time Value Of Money F F MZoha Qureshi
 
Ratio Analysis F F M
Ratio  Analysis   F F MRatio  Analysis   F F M
Ratio Analysis F F MZoha Qureshi
 
Financial Statement Analysis F F M
Financial  Statement Analysis  F F MFinancial  Statement Analysis  F F M
Financial Statement Analysis F F MZoha Qureshi
 
Introduction Why Finance Matters F F M
Introduction   Why Finance Matters   F F MIntroduction   Why Finance Matters   F F M
Introduction Why Finance Matters F F MZoha Qureshi
 
Bond Stock Valuation Fm
Bond Stock Valuation FmBond Stock Valuation Fm
Bond Stock Valuation FmZoha Qureshi
 

More from Zoha Qureshi (20)

Market Structure- Micro Economics
Market Structure- Micro EconomicsMarket Structure- Micro Economics
Market Structure- Micro Economics
 
The Production And Cost C M A
The  Production And  Cost   C M AThe  Production And  Cost   C M A
The Production And Cost C M A
 
Managing current assets-CMA
Managing current assets-CMAManaging current assets-CMA
Managing current assets-CMA
 
Job Order Slides CMA
Job Order Slides CMAJob Order Slides CMA
Job Order Slides CMA
 
Cost Concepts- CMA
Cost Concepts- CMACost Concepts- CMA
Cost Concepts- CMA
 
Introduction Q Ti A
Introduction  Q Ti AIntroduction  Q Ti A
Introduction Q Ti A
 
Overview Of Factor Analysis Q Ti A
Overview Of  Factor  Analysis  Q Ti AOverview Of  Factor  Analysis  Q Ti A
Overview Of Factor Analysis Q Ti A
 
Book Exploratory F A Q Ti A
Book    Exploratory  F A  Q Ti ABook    Exploratory  F A  Q Ti A
Book Exploratory F A Q Ti A
 
1. F A Using S P S S1 (Saq.Sav) Q Ti A
1.  F A Using  S P S S1 (Saq.Sav)   Q Ti A1.  F A Using  S P S S1 (Saq.Sav)   Q Ti A
1. F A Using S P S S1 (Saq.Sav) Q Ti A
 
Important Terminologies In Statistical Inference I I
Important Terminologies In  Statistical  Inference  I IImportant Terminologies In  Statistical  Inference  I I
Important Terminologies In Statistical Inference I I
 
Important Terminologies In Statistical Inference
Important  Terminologies In  Statistical  InferenceImportant  Terminologies In  Statistical  Inference
Important Terminologies In Statistical Inference
 
Marketing Terminologies Marketing
Marketing Terminologies   MarketingMarketing Terminologies   Marketing
Marketing Terminologies Marketing
 
Marketing Environment Marketing
Marketing  Environment   MarketingMarketing  Environment   Marketing
Marketing Environment Marketing
 
Introduction To Marketing Marketing
Introduction To  Marketing   MarketingIntroduction To  Marketing   Marketing
Introduction To Marketing Marketing
 
Customer Relationship And Strategic Planning Marketing
Customer  Relationship And  Strategic  Planning   MarketingCustomer  Relationship And  Strategic  Planning   Marketing
Customer Relationship And Strategic Planning Marketing
 
Time Value Of Money F F M
Time  Value Of  Money   F F MTime  Value Of  Money   F F M
Time Value Of Money F F M
 
Ratio Analysis F F M
Ratio  Analysis   F F MRatio  Analysis   F F M
Ratio Analysis F F M
 
Financial Statement Analysis F F M
Financial  Statement Analysis  F F MFinancial  Statement Analysis  F F M
Financial Statement Analysis F F M
 
Introduction Why Finance Matters F F M
Introduction   Why Finance Matters   F F MIntroduction   Why Finance Matters   F F M
Introduction Why Finance Matters F F M
 
Bond Stock Valuation Fm
Bond Stock Valuation FmBond Stock Valuation Fm
Bond Stock Valuation Fm
 

Recently uploaded

2024 Annual Meeting: Visit Portland, Maine
2024 Annual Meeting: Visit Portland, Maine2024 Annual Meeting: Visit Portland, Maine
2024 Annual Meeting: Visit Portland, MaineVisit Portland
 
Exploring Uncharted Waters Your Guide To Private Sunset Cruise On Maui
Exploring Uncharted Waters Your Guide To Private Sunset Cruise On MauiExploring Uncharted Waters Your Guide To Private Sunset Cruise On Maui
Exploring Uncharted Waters Your Guide To Private Sunset Cruise On MauiMakena Coast Charters
 
Traveling by Train in Sicily: A New Era of Comfort and Convenience
Traveling by Train in Sicily: A New Era of Comfort and ConvenienceTraveling by Train in Sicily: A New Era of Comfort and Convenience
Traveling by Train in Sicily: A New Era of Comfort and ConvenienceTime for Sicily
 
The West Coast Trail Presentation for SAIT international students
The West Coast Trail Presentation for SAIT international studentsThe West Coast Trail Presentation for SAIT international students
The West Coast Trail Presentation for SAIT international studentsseijibrown2
 
Da Nang Tourist Attractions, VN (越南 峴港旅遊景點).ppsx
Da Nang Tourist Attractions, VN (越南 峴港旅遊景點).ppsxDa Nang Tourist Attractions, VN (越南 峴港旅遊景點).ppsx
Da Nang Tourist Attractions, VN (越南 峴港旅遊景點).ppsxChung Yen Chang
 
pics from luxembourg exchange program 2016
pics from luxembourg exchange program 2016pics from luxembourg exchange program 2016
pics from luxembourg exchange program 2016seijibrown2
 
Culture and Identity through English as a Lingua Franca.pdf
Culture and Identity through English as a Lingua Franca.pdfCulture and Identity through English as a Lingua Franca.pdf
Culture and Identity through English as a Lingua Franca.pdfseijibrown2
 
TOURIST & ITS TYPE &MOTIVETIONAL FACTORS & BEHAVIOR .pptx
TOURIST & ITS TYPE &MOTIVETIONAL  FACTORS & BEHAVIOR .pptxTOURIST & ITS TYPE &MOTIVETIONAL  FACTORS & BEHAVIOR .pptx
TOURIST & ITS TYPE &MOTIVETIONAL FACTORS & BEHAVIOR .pptxkittustudy7
 
Vietnam presentation for intercultural communications class
Vietnam presentation for intercultural communications classVietnam presentation for intercultural communications class
Vietnam presentation for intercultural communications classseijibrown2
 
How To Prepare For An Unforgettable Blackwater Dive In Kona
How To Prepare For An Unforgettable Blackwater Dive In KonaHow To Prepare For An Unforgettable Blackwater Dive In Kona
How To Prepare For An Unforgettable Blackwater Dive In KonaKona Ocean Adventures
 
What Are The Best Locations In Aruba For A Thrilling Kayak Adventure
What Are The Best Locations In Aruba For A Thrilling Kayak AdventureWhat Are The Best Locations In Aruba For A Thrilling Kayak Adventure
What Are The Best Locations In Aruba For A Thrilling Kayak AdventureDelphi Watersports
 
My presentation on vietnam for Intercultural Communications
My presentation on vietnam for Intercultural CommunicationsMy presentation on vietnam for Intercultural Communications
My presentation on vietnam for Intercultural Communicationsseijibrown2
 
Reflective Essay.pdf for Global Compentency
Reflective Essay.pdf for Global CompentencyReflective Essay.pdf for Global Compentency
Reflective Essay.pdf for Global Compentencyseijibrown2
 
A Presentation of Braga. It was made by students of school
A Presentation of Braga. It was made by students of schoolA Presentation of Braga. It was made by students of school
A Presentation of Braga. It was made by students of schoolApostolos Syropoulos
 
Culture and Identity through English as a Lingua Franca (1).pdf
Culture and Identity through English as a Lingua Franca (1).pdfCulture and Identity through English as a Lingua Franca (1).pdf
Culture and Identity through English as a Lingua Franca (1).pdfseijibrown2
 
Reflective Essay for global competency certificate
Reflective Essay for global competency certificateReflective Essay for global competency certificate
Reflective Essay for global competency certificateseijibrown2
 
Nanbokucho-period, Historical Origins of Modern Japan
Nanbokucho-period, Historical Origins of Modern JapanNanbokucho-period, Historical Origins of Modern Japan
Nanbokucho-period, Historical Origins of Modern Japanseijibrown2
 

Recently uploaded (17)

2024 Annual Meeting: Visit Portland, Maine
2024 Annual Meeting: Visit Portland, Maine2024 Annual Meeting: Visit Portland, Maine
2024 Annual Meeting: Visit Portland, Maine
 
Exploring Uncharted Waters Your Guide To Private Sunset Cruise On Maui
Exploring Uncharted Waters Your Guide To Private Sunset Cruise On MauiExploring Uncharted Waters Your Guide To Private Sunset Cruise On Maui
Exploring Uncharted Waters Your Guide To Private Sunset Cruise On Maui
 
Traveling by Train in Sicily: A New Era of Comfort and Convenience
Traveling by Train in Sicily: A New Era of Comfort and ConvenienceTraveling by Train in Sicily: A New Era of Comfort and Convenience
Traveling by Train in Sicily: A New Era of Comfort and Convenience
 
The West Coast Trail Presentation for SAIT international students
The West Coast Trail Presentation for SAIT international studentsThe West Coast Trail Presentation for SAIT international students
The West Coast Trail Presentation for SAIT international students
 
Da Nang Tourist Attractions, VN (越南 峴港旅遊景點).ppsx
Da Nang Tourist Attractions, VN (越南 峴港旅遊景點).ppsxDa Nang Tourist Attractions, VN (越南 峴港旅遊景點).ppsx
Da Nang Tourist Attractions, VN (越南 峴港旅遊景點).ppsx
 
pics from luxembourg exchange program 2016
pics from luxembourg exchange program 2016pics from luxembourg exchange program 2016
pics from luxembourg exchange program 2016
 
Culture and Identity through English as a Lingua Franca.pdf
Culture and Identity through English as a Lingua Franca.pdfCulture and Identity through English as a Lingua Franca.pdf
Culture and Identity through English as a Lingua Franca.pdf
 
TOURIST & ITS TYPE &MOTIVETIONAL FACTORS & BEHAVIOR .pptx
TOURIST & ITS TYPE &MOTIVETIONAL  FACTORS & BEHAVIOR .pptxTOURIST & ITS TYPE &MOTIVETIONAL  FACTORS & BEHAVIOR .pptx
TOURIST & ITS TYPE &MOTIVETIONAL FACTORS & BEHAVIOR .pptx
 
Vietnam presentation for intercultural communications class
Vietnam presentation for intercultural communications classVietnam presentation for intercultural communications class
Vietnam presentation for intercultural communications class
 
How To Prepare For An Unforgettable Blackwater Dive In Kona
How To Prepare For An Unforgettable Blackwater Dive In KonaHow To Prepare For An Unforgettable Blackwater Dive In Kona
How To Prepare For An Unforgettable Blackwater Dive In Kona
 
What Are The Best Locations In Aruba For A Thrilling Kayak Adventure
What Are The Best Locations In Aruba For A Thrilling Kayak AdventureWhat Are The Best Locations In Aruba For A Thrilling Kayak Adventure
What Are The Best Locations In Aruba For A Thrilling Kayak Adventure
 
My presentation on vietnam for Intercultural Communications
My presentation on vietnam for Intercultural CommunicationsMy presentation on vietnam for Intercultural Communications
My presentation on vietnam for Intercultural Communications
 
Reflective Essay.pdf for Global Compentency
Reflective Essay.pdf for Global CompentencyReflective Essay.pdf for Global Compentency
Reflective Essay.pdf for Global Compentency
 
A Presentation of Braga. It was made by students of school
A Presentation of Braga. It was made by students of schoolA Presentation of Braga. It was made by students of school
A Presentation of Braga. It was made by students of school
 
Culture and Identity through English as a Lingua Franca (1).pdf
Culture and Identity through English as a Lingua Franca (1).pdfCulture and Identity through English as a Lingua Franca (1).pdf
Culture and Identity through English as a Lingua Franca (1).pdf
 
Reflective Essay for global competency certificate
Reflective Essay for global competency certificateReflective Essay for global competency certificate
Reflective Essay for global competency certificate
 
Nanbokucho-period, Historical Origins of Modern Japan
Nanbokucho-period, Historical Origins of Modern JapanNanbokucho-period, Historical Origins of Modern Japan
Nanbokucho-period, Historical Origins of Modern Japan
 

Brain drain

  • 1. BRAIN DRAIN FROM PAKISTAN HIRA NOOR ZOHA NAEEM SAMEER AHAD HAQ
  • 2. CONTENTS • What is Brain Drain • History of brain drain • Reasons for brain drain • Brain drain in Pakistan • Reasons of brain drain from Pakistan • Effects of brain drain Positive effects Negative effects • Measures to stop brain drain • Conclusion
  • 3. WHAT IS BRAIN DRAIN? • The loss of skilled, intellectual and technical labor through their movement to more favorable geographic, economic, or professional environments. • It can be simply defined as the mass emigration of technically skilled people from one country to another country. • Brain-drain is also termed as “human capital flight” because it resembles the case of capital flight.
  • 4. HISTORY OF BRAIN DRAIN • The term originated about 1960. • In 1960, many British scientists and intellectuals emigrated to the United States for a better working climate. • Its meaning has broadened into: the departure of educated or professional people from one country. Neil Bohr Albert Einstein
  • 5. WHY BRAIN DRAINS? • Lack of better opportunity • Political instability • Health risks • Personal conflicts • Poor Conditions of Service • Disregard for Local Talent • Economic under development.
  • 6. WHY BRAIN DRAINS? • Lack of research and other facilities • Lack of freedom • Poor working facilities • Unsuitable institution. • Desire for a better urban life • Desire for higher qualification and recognition • Lack of satisfactory working conditions.
  • 7. • Europe as “GREEN PASTURES” for doctors • Lack of variety in specializations • Disregard for local degrees • Lack of job opportunities • Merit systems • Lack of infrastructure • High corporate tax rate REASONS FOR BRAIN DRAIN
  • 8. • Lack of scientific tradition and culture • Over production and under utilization of HQM. • Discrimination in appointment and promotion. • Lack of research and other facilities • Income inequalities • Ten times more earning than home country. REASONS FOR BRAIN DRAIN
  • 9. • Receiving of millions of dollars in shape of remittance sent back to Pakistan every year. • Creating space for freshmen here. • Population decrease. • People bring technology, skills and new ideas from abroad. • Higher rate of people starting capital intensive enterprises. POSITIVE EFFECTS
  • 10. • Money remittance has reduced the severity of poverty to some extent. • Money sent are invested in education, housing and health. • Improved quality of education by insuring international standards and training. • Improved competitiveness in home country as international degrees are held in higher esteem. POSITIVE EFFECTS
  • 11. NEGATIVE EFFECTS • The loss of high quality manpower. • Huge loss of foreign exchange due to hiring of foreign experts. • Government spends billions of rupees for education of experts. • Rampant corruption, poor administrations, lack of motivation and fast diminishing nationalism. • Loss of Health Services.
  • 12. MEASURES TAKEN • National Research Program for Universities (NRPU) • TTU performance based pay system by HEC • Foreign faculty members of Pakistani origin are encouraged to come and transfer their expertise • Transfer of knowledge through expatriate nationals (TOKTEN) (UNDP) • Initiative for 11 foreign universities
  • 13. • Delaying emigration For example : Doctors may be asked to stay on for two years. • Tax proposals For example : Native professionals pay a percent of income earning abroad. • Fix govt. policies MEASURES TO STOP BRAIN DRAIN
  • 14. MEASURES TO STOP BRAIN DRAIN • Revive HEC Build new universities Conduct evening classes in campuses. • PIA should allow a 50% discount for all students of Pakistani origin on international routes. • Entering into international agreements For not to recruit skilled people from less-developed countries.
  • 15. • Our leaders often deliver lengthy speeches but no worthy positive steps have been taken. • Our government has not even asked Pakistani professionals to return back and serve their country. “Reversing the brain drain is a key priority for us.” CONCLUSION