NTFP: VALUE ADDITION AND IT’S IMPACT ON RURAL LIVELIHOOD

1. NTFP: VALUE ADDITION AND IT’S IMPACT
ON RURAL LIVELIHOOD

2. Advisory committee
Dr. K. KUMARAN
Professor (Forestry)
Dept. of Floriculture & Medicinal Plants, HC & RI
Periyakulam
MEMBERS
Dr. I. SEKAR
Professor (Forestry)
Dept. of Forest Products and Utilization, FC & RI
Mettupalayam
Dr. D. AMIRTHAM
Assistant Professor (Biochemistry)
Dept. of Forest Products and Utilization, FC & RI
Mettupalayam
CHAIRMAN
ADDITIONAL
MEMBER
Dr. S. MURUGESAN
Senior Scientist, Division of Bio-prospecting
IFGTB, Coimbatore

3. CONTENTS

4. ‘Non-Timber Forest Products’ (NTFPs) encompasses all
biological materials other than timber, which are extracted from
forests for human use.
NTFP ?
(Source: De Beer and McDermott , 1989)

5. NTFP CLASSIFICATION
GROUP-I
NTFPs of Plant Origin
• Edible Plant Products
• Spices and Condiments
• Medicinal Plants
• Aromatic Plants
• Fatty Oil Yield Plants
• Gum & Resin Exuding Plants
• Tan Yield Plants
• Dye & Colour Yield Plants
• Fibre & Floss Yield Plants
• Bamboo-Canes
• Fodder & Forage
• Fuelwood, Charcoal Making
• Bidi Wrapper Leaves
• Other Leaves for Plates
• Beads for Ornaments
• Saponin & Marking Nut Plant-Others (Shiva and Mathur, 1996)

6. NTFP CLASSIFICATION
(Shiva and Mathur, 1996)
GROUP-II
NTFPs of Animal Origin
• Honey
• Lac
• Tussar and Other Silk
• Insects and Animal-Hides, Skins and Feathers
• Horns, Bones and Shellac-Ivory and Musk

7. SOUTH EAST ASIA - NTFPs TRADE
COUNTRY NUMBER OF
ENTERPRISES
NUMBER OF
PERSONS
INVOLVED
NUMBER OF
VILLAGES
SALES
India 27 2,232 370 €1,81,596
Indonesia 29 1,452 58 € 99,838
Philippines 64 1,946 68 € 88,417.8
Cambodia 38 1,649 81 € 38,344.2
Total 163 7,400 600 €4,08,196
(Source: NTFP’s Annual Report, 2011)

8. SOUTH EAST ASIA - NTFPs TRADE
(Source: NTFP’s Annual Report, 2011)

9. NTFP Collection: An analysis
Forest Department (Divisional Forest Officer)
Highest Bidder / Tribal Society
Agent
Sub Agent
(Optional)
Tribal Collector
Permit given from collectors
(Source: Key stone biodiversity
programme – NTFP Project, 1998)

10. NTFP General – Supply chain
(Source: National status report[MOEF], 2006)

11. • Increase sales by creating product diversity
• Stabilize income by allowing income creation during off-seasons
• Provide opportunities for other groups or sectors to create
income from the products
• Provide an outlet for other creative talents
• Make use of excess produce
Reasons for developing Value Added
products

12. VALUE ADDITION IN NTFPs
Honey
Amla
Tendu leaves
Sal leaf platesLac
Cutch and Katha
TanninsTamarindus

13. Honey Processing
Removal of cappings Filtering
Insert - Extractor Labeling
Harvesting
Packing

14. MAJOR HONEY SOURCES IN INDIA

15. TOP HONEY PRODUCING
COUNTRIES
(Source: FAO, 2011)

16. i. Comb Honey & Chunk Honey
ii. Organic Honey
iii. Crystallized Honey
iv. Pasteurized Honey
v. Raw Honey
vi. Strained Honey
vii. Ultrafiltered Honey
viii. Ultrasonicated Honey
ix. Whipped Honey
Types of honey

17. LAC PROCESSING
Lac sticks Scraping lac from twigs Washing with alkaline
Filtration Hot melting Final Stretching Lac sheets
(Source: Ramesh Singh, 2006)

18. Lac production at National level
(Source: Indian institute of natural resins and gums[Report], Ranchi - 2011)

19. Share of different states in Lac
production at National level
(Source: Indian institute of natural resins and gums[Report], Ranchi - 2011)

20. 1. Murabba
i. Amla Murabba
ii. Amla honey Murabba
iii. Amla Sugar Free
Murabba
2. Sweets
i. Amla Burfi
ii. Amla Laddu
3. Candy
i. Amla Candy Plain
ii. Amla Candy Super
iii. Amla Candy Chapatti
AMLA PRODUCTS (Indian Gooseberry)
4. Juice & Squash
i. Amla Juice
ii. Amla Squash
5. Powder
i. Amla Powder
ii. Amla Churanam
6. Pickles
i. Amla Pickle
7. Chatni
i. Amla Chatni
8. Jam
i. Amla Jam

21. AMLA SEED EXPELLER
(Source: KSNM- Agri Marketing, 2011)

22. AMLA PICKLE
Filter to separate juice
Add- Salt + Chilies +Oil
Add muster seeds
After 5 mins. -Amla Pickle
Boil with water 5 mins.

23. AMLA MURABBA
Boil – 2 mins.
Make sugar sol. Soak amla
Boil – 4 mins.
Repeat – 4 days
Soak – Amla with water 2 hr

24. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)
Step 1: Pre-processing = De-hulling and cleaning
Fresh fruits
Drying - Pods
Cracking - Pods
Separating (Mature pods & Dusts)
Cleaning to remove seeds
Pulp

25. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)
Step 2: Processing from the pulp
Tamarind Pulp
Boil in water
Filter to separate juice
Pour into bottles and seal
Heat pasteurize in bottles
Cool it rapidly by cold water
JUICE PICKLE
Grind and mix with
salt + spices
Pour into bottles while hot
Cook for 20 mins while stirring
Tamarind Pickle
Tamarind Pulp
(Source: Nihar Dash, 2008-09)

26. Tendu Leaves Processing
(Diospyros melaoxylon. Lin)
Collection Trimming & Sizing Rolling
Trimming & Sizing Trimming & Sizing Trimming & Sizing
(Source: Nihar Dash, 2008-09)

27. Sal Leaf plates (Shorea robusta)
Harvesting leaves Collection
Moulding Moulded plate
Sun drying
Packing

28. Cutch & Katha (Acacia catechu) - Processing
Removal of bark and sapwood
Cutting of wood – 5X6 cm
Water wood ratio 3:1 boiled for12
hr
Density of syrup(1.1)
Poured into mould dug
10-15 days

29. Tannins (Myrobalans) - Processing
1. Chipping / crushing 2. Extraction (diffuser) 3. Settling
4. Concentrating (triple
effect evaporator)
5. Spray drying
(spray drier)
6. Final product
(Food And Agricultural Industry, 1997)

30. 1. Local institutions and tenure
2. Ecological sustainability
3. Social equity and fair trade
4. Responsible business practices
ECO-CERTIFICATION OF NTFPs

31. • Improved species/forest management over time
• Social benefits/parity/rights of forest communities involved in
collection
• Low wastage & higher quality of product
• Geographical track back & source identity
BENEFITS OF CERTIFICATION

32. Sl.
No.
Name of the product 1998 price 2008 price
1. Honey INR 10 / Kg INR 72 /Kg
INR 110 /Kg for semi
processed
INR 150 /Kg for
double filtered
2. Amla INR 1.5 / Kg INR 3 /Kg for
Collectors
INR 6 / Kg for VFCs
3. Eecham Grass INR 3 / Kg INR 7 /Kg for
Collectors
INR 14 for VFCs
4. Soap Nut INR 1.5 /Kg INR 3 /Kg for
collectors
INR 6 /Kg for VFCs
5. Aralekai INR 2 /Kg INR 4 /Kg for
Collectors
INR 8 /Kg for VFCs
IMPACT OF THE INTERVENTIONS IN
TERMS OF NTFP PRICES FOR COLLECTORS
(Source: Dhananjaya and Umesh Rao, 2007)

33. PRICE RANGE OF OIL SEEDS, OIL AND OIL
CAKE
Sl.
No.
Name of Seed Seed
Rs/
Kg
Oil
Rs/
Lit.
Oil
Cake
Rs/
Kg
Use of
Oil Cake
1. Karanj
(Pongamia Pinnata)
9-14 50-55 70-90 Bio Pesticide, Fertilizer
2. Neem
(Azadirachta indica )
7-15 75-90 120-
160
Bio Pesticide
3. Mahua Seed
(Madhuca indica)
9-18 35-45 80-120 Fish feed, Mosquito Coil
Making, Soap Industry,
Fertilizer
(Source: Jharkhand Govt., 2007)

34. 1. Cheating by local traders on weight and measurement
2. Lack of market price information
3. Quality of stored NTFP reduced for moisture absorption
4. Sustainability Issues
5. Lack of capacity to market NTFPs
ISSUES IN NTFPs VALUE ADDITION

35. 1. At the Individual level
2. At the Population level
IMPACTS DUE TO
UNSUSTAINABLE HARVEST
3. At the Ecosystem level
4. At the Genetic level

36. • The cost from illegal fees collected by some policemen from
traders or middlemen at checkpoints are passed to the collectors
by lowering the local buying prices of NTFPs.
• Lack of support from the Government on NTFP development.
LEGAL AND POLITICAL

37. POLICY AND ACTs
• Indian Forest Act, 1927
• Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
• Forest Conservation Act, 1980
• National Forest Policy, 1988

38. • Inaccessibility
• Lack of research
• Limited skills
• Monopoly - NTFP marketing.
• Low market prices of NTFPs.
• Lack of financial support
SOCIO-ECONOMIC

39. 1. Depletion of resources resulting in difficulty in NTFP
collection.
2. Decline of wildlife.
3. Occupation of the forest by powerful entities that causes
degradation to the forest resources.
ENVIRONMENTAL

40. A threat to
• Mother Nature
• Mankind
Biopiracy
Remedies
• Awareness
• National Policy and Act

41. • Promote sustainable harvesting
• Improve production
• Empower to community
• Ensure that the benefits from NTFP processing are spread
throughout the community
Suggestions

42. CONCLUSION
Rural people’s doing NTFPs Value Addition, while this process
those NTFPs quality will improve simultaneously rural livelihood
also improving, but they should know and rectify the negative
impact on environment.