2. Bella Mustika Sari

3. Devika Kumara

4. DanisaRatnaPuri

5. Elsa Triana Sari

7. The Way Prehistoric People Recorded and Inherited Their Past/Cara MasyarakatPra-AksaraMerekamdanMewariskanMasaLalu One has go through a very long process to learn to integrate themself with the surroundings/Seseorangharusmelaluiproses yang sangatpanjanguntukbelajarberintegrasidenganlingkungannya. He will have to integrate themselves with the nature and the sociocultural environment/Iaakanbelajarmenyatukandirinyadenganlingkunganalammaupunlingkungansosialbudayanya The process of adaptation to the social environment is called socialization/Prosesmenyesuaikandiridenganlingkungannyadisebutsosialisasi The process of adaptation to the nature is called enculturation/Prosesmenyesuaikandiridenganlingkunganbudayadisebutenkulturasi

8. Means of Inheriting Culture in Prehistoric Time/ SaranaPewarisanKebudayaanMasaPra-Aksara

9. The characteristic and components wiil be inherited from generation to generation in the from of/Ciridankomponentersebutakanselaluturun-temurundalambentuk :

10. Traditions of Indonesian People before They Knew Writing/TradisiSejarahMasyarakat Indonesia SebelumMengenalTulisan To discuss the traditions of Indonesian people before they knew writing, we can look at the universal elements of culture, based on the degree of abstractness and concretteness as follows Untukmembahastradisimasyarakat Indonesia sebelummengenaltulisan, dapatkitalihatdariunsurkebudayaan universal berdasarkantingkatkeabstrakandankekonkretannya, yaitusebagaiberikut

11. System of Technology or Tools/SistemTeknologiatauPeralatan Since prehistoric time, Indonesian people have known technology, for making various life tools, including those made of stone, bronze, as well as metal/Sejakzamanprasejarah, masyarakat Indonesia telahmengenalteknologiuntukmembuatberbagaimacamperalatanhidup, termasukberalatan yang terbuatdaribatu, perunggu, maupunlogam The tools were used for different purposes, such as hunting, farming, household activities and others, so in Indonesia there were two prehistoric periods based on technology, those were the stone age and the metal age/Berbagaimacamperalatandipergunakkanuntukmacam-macamkeperluan, misalnyauntukberburu, berladang,bercocoktanam,alatrumahtangga,dll, sehinggadi Indonesia dikenalduazamanprasejarahberdasarkanteknolginya, yaituzamanbatudanzamanlogam.

12. System of Livelihood/Sistem Mata Pencaharian System of lifelihoodhas been developed by humans to maintain their life/Sistemmatapencahariandikembangkanolehmanusiauntukmempertahankanhidupnya Besides maintaining life, there was another factor which affected the type of lifelihoods of a tribe, namely the condition of natural resoursces which were ready to be processed, and this made each tribe have different lifelihoods and different foods or dishes produced. Therefore, to obtains goods from other parties, people developed a system of trade called barter , or the exchange of goods./Selain mempertahankan hidup, ada faktor lain yang mempengaruhi jenis matapencaharian dari suku, yaitu kondisi sumberdaya alam yang siap untuk diproses, dan ini membuat suku masing-masing memiliki matapencaharian berbeda dan makanan yang berbeda atau piring yang dihasilkan. Oleh karena itu, untuk barang memperoleh dari pihak lain, orang mengembangkan sistem perdagangan yang disebut barter, atau pertukaran barang.

13. System of Social Organization/SistemOrganisasiSosial Humans are social beings whho cannot live alone. Therefore, humans live in groups. These groups are known as tribe/Manusiamerupakanmakhluksosial yang tidakdapathidupsendiri. Olehkarenaitu, manusiahidupberkelompok. Hal inilah yang dikenaldengansukubangsa There were also rules for organizing the tribe members, as follows/Terdapat pula aturan-aturanuntukmengorganisirabggotanya, yaitusebagaiberikut Union of Descent/KesatuanKeturunan Territorial Union/KesatuanKedaerahan Social and Religious Union/KesatuanSosialReligius Communal Social Union/KesatuanSosialBersifatPaguyuban Mutual Social Union/KesatuanSosialBersifatPatembayan

14. System of Knowledge/SistemPengetahuan Every society develops its own system of knowledge in order to retain its existence and be able to adapt to surroundings.The system 0f knowledge is abtained from learning from experience. Setiapmasyarakatmengembangkanpengetahuannyamasing-masingdengantujuanmempertahankanhidup agar bisaberadaptasidenganlingkungannya. Sistempengetahuandidapatdarihasilbelajarmerekadanpengalamn yang pernahmerekaalami.

15. System of Arts/SistemKesenian Many tribes in Indonesia are wellknown for different kinds of arts,such as the following/Padaberbagaisukubangsadi Indonesia, dikenalberbagairagamkesenian, misalnyasebagaiberikut: The art of earthenware or prottery making/senigerabahatautembikar Sculpture/senipahatatauseniukir The art of weaving/senitenun Music and vocal arts/senimusikdansenisuara Literature and drama/senisastradan drama Batik arts/seni batik Architectureand traditional houses/senibangunandanbentukrumahadat Art of handcrafts/senikerajinanatausenikriya

16. System of Religion The system of religion is the belief embraced by humans/sistemreligimerupakankepercayaan yang dianutumatmanusia Our prehistoric people already had a religion from the vey beginning, weather it was animism or dynamism/Masyarakatprasejarahkitasejakawalsudahmempunyaireligi, baik yang bersifatanimismemaupundinamisme In practice, prehistoric people use five components as follows/Dalampelaksanaannya, masyarakatprasejarahmenggunakan 5 komponenyaitusebagaiberikut: Religious Emotion/EmosiKeagamaan System of Belief/SistemKeyakinan System of Rytes and Ceremonies/SistemRitusdanUpacara Reigion Believers/Umat Agama Equipment for Rites and Ceremonies/PeralatanRitusdanUpacara

17. System of Languange Languange is a means of communication In the form of vocal symbols with meanings wich can only be understoon by the people using same languange/Bahasamerupakanalatkomunikasidalambentukperlambangbunyi yang mempunyaimakna yang hanyadipahamiolehorang yang memakaibahasa yang sama. In the life of prehistoric Indonesian people, languangefuctionsas a means of communication, socialization, and so forth/Bahasadalamkehidupansejarah Indonesia berfungsisebagaialatkomunikasi, sosialisasi, dan lain-lain.

18. Knowing Traditions From Historical Traces/MengenalTradisiMelaluijejak-jejaksejarah

19. Indonesian people In Historic/Masyarakat Indonesia MasaAksara Historic time is the period in which humans have known writing as a means of communication. MasaAksaraialahmasadimanamanusiatelahmengenaltulisansebagaialatkomunikasinya.

20. The Development of Scripts in Indonesia/PerkembanganAksara-aksaradi Indonesia Our Country is an archipelago, so we have many islands, straits and seas which positively affect trade by sea routes/Bentukwilayahkitaadalahnegarakepulauan, sehinggakitamempunyaibanyakpulau, selatdanlautmempunyaidampakpositifterhadapjalurperdaganganjalurlaut. Indian influence in Indonesia was very strong. The evidence can be seen in the inscrption/pengaruh India bagi Indonesia sangatkuat. Buktiadanyapengaruhdari India dapatkitalihatdaritulisan yang terdapatpadaprasasti

21. The Development of Indonesian People in Historic Time/PerkembanganMasyarakatMasaAksara Religion propagation/Penyebaran Agama Script/Aksara Languange/Bahasa Trade/Per-dagangan Type of culture/CorakKebudayaan Social/Sosial Government/Pemerintahan Culture/Budaya

22. The Development of Indonesian People in Historic Time/PerkembanganMasyarakat Indonesia MasaAksara From the diagram above, we know that the development of Indonesian people after they knew scripts went extraordinarily fast, because the script could enchance the use of languanges as effective means of communication in different areas. Dari bagandiatasdapatdiketahuibahwaperkembanganmasyarakat Indonesia setelahmengenaltulisanmengalamiperubahan yang sangatluarbiasa, karenadenganaksaradapatmeningkatkanpenggunaanbahasasebagaialatkomunikasi yang efektifdalamberbagaibidang

24. Kshatrya Caste/Kastaksatria

25. Vaisya Caste/KastaWaisya

28. System of Culture/SistemBudaya The influence of Indian culture was very strong in Indonesia and almost certainly determined the direction of Indonesian people’s development/Pengaruhsistembudayadari India sangatkuatdi Indonesia danhampirbisadipastikanmenentukanarahperkembanganmasyarakatdi Indonesia The influences of Indian culture was evident in the following matters/Salahsatupengaruhkebudayaan India adalahdalamhal-halberikut. Writing/Tulisan Architecture/SeniBangunan Literarture/Kesustraan

29. The Way Historic People Record and Inherit the Past/Cara MasyarakatAksaraMerekamdanMewariskanMasaLalu Since the coming of Indian influence, Indonesian people began to know scripts/Setelahmasuknyapengaruh India, makamasyarakat Indonesia mulaimengenaltulisan. The written notes may be in the form of/Catatantertulistersebutdapatberbentuk : Inscriptons/Prasasti Books/Kitab Documents/dokumen etc.

31. Mosques/Masjid

32. Statutes of Gods/PatungDewa