Recomendados
Mais conteúdo relacionado
Mais procurados
Mais procurados (20)
Destaque
Destaque (11)
Semelhante a Pandya_PP
Semelhante a Pandya_PP (20)
Pandya_PP
- 1. Are Genetically modified foods and products necessary? Yash Pandya 12178822 60901 Advanced communication skills in Science 5th June 2015
- 2. Are Genetically modified foods and products necessary? • What is GM? • Why GM products are required and their importance? • What are the Controversy behind GM? • What are the Scientifically proven Fact? • Conclusion
- 3. What is the meaning of Genetically Modification? • GM is the innovative technology, (Jones 1999) • Application of genetic engineering • Deliver of specific DNA using bacterium plasmid Jones L. 1999, Genetically modified foods, Journal Article. 318.
- 4. Using GM products in World • 10.3 million farmers using GM crops, • 22 countries around the world, • In USA 58.6 million hectares occupied GM crops (Lang 2013), • Globally, first herbicide-tolerant GM crops introduced in 2006, • Bt cotton was grown over 80,000 hectares in the Australia. Lang J. 2013. Elements of public trust in the America food system experts, organization and genetically modified food. 41, 145-154 Icoz, I. & Stotzky, G. 2008. Fate and effects of insect-resistant Bt crops in soil ecosystems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,40, 559-86.
- 5. Why GM products are required? • Long life span (Icoz I & Stotzky G 2008) , • Resistance against herbicides, pesticides and Pathogens, • Highly tolerate against abiotic stress such as drought and nitrogen starvation, • Improved nutritious content, • Mass production from single plant • Example of GM products are BT cotton, BT corn, Golden rice, Soya, tomatoes (Icoz I & Stotzky G 2008) Icoz, I. & Stotzky, G. 2008. Fate and effects of insect-resistant Bt crops in soil ecosystems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,40, 559-86.
- 6. What is the controversy ? • Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) gene expressed the Cry protein (Maghari & Ardekani 2011), • Cry protein has 60 different types, highly selective and specific insecticidal, • O’Callaghan et al. 2004 claimed that Bt toxin and insects resistance protein loss the 18% of weight earthworms and destroy the soil functions, • Rats fed by transgenic potatoes and soya had shown abnormality in their sperms (Maghari & Ardekani 2011), • Cows, goats, buffalo and pigs were grazing Bt maize and Bt cotton crops, they were suffered from infertility, abortion pre-deliveries and death (Maghari & Ardekani 2011).Maghari, B.M. & Ardekani, A.M. 2011, 'Genetically Modified Foods and Social Concerns', Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology, 3, 109-17.
- 7. What is the controversy ? • Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac protein of Bt maize had expressed insecticidal toxin which harm the larvae of monarch butterfly, • Affected the mortality and growth of larvae (Obrycki et al. 2001), • Pusztai et al. (1990) did the lab experiments of Bt corn and claimed that it caused the immunological diseases. • In the contrast, pharmaceutical companies are never claimed that GM products were toxic for humans (Maghari & Ardekani 2011). Obrycki JJ, Losey JE, Taylor OR. and Jesse LCH. 2001. Transgenic Insecticidal Corn: Beyond Insecticidal Toxicity to Ecological Complexity. BioScience, 51, 353. Maghari, B.M. & Ardekani, A.M. 2011, 'Genetically Modified Foods and Social Concerns', Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology, 3, 109-17.
- 8. Application of GM products • Golden Rice – helpful against the vitamin A deficiency (Sijmons et al. 1990). • Bt Cotton & Bt corn- massive production & economical benefits, • Pharma companies are using GM plants successfully developed the pharmaceutical proteins (PDP) and serum (Sijmons et al. 1990). • Now, they developing “edible vaccines” by using molecular farming techniques on GM plants (key et al. 2008), • Recently, successfully developed human intrinsic factor form GM plants which helpful for cure the vitamin B12 deficiency (Sijmons et al. 1990). Sijmons PC, Dekker BMM, Schrammeijer B, Verwoerd TC, van den Elzen PJM. and Hoekema A. 1990. Production of Correctly Processed Human Serum Albumin in Transgenic Plants. Nat Biotech, 8, 217-21. Key, S., Ma, J.K.C. & Drake, P.M.W. 2008, 'Genetically modified plants and human health', Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, vol. 101, no. 6, pp. 290-8.
- 9. Conclusion • In conclusion, after comprehending both the sides of the GM products, we have to accept that GM foods and products are used by many countries worldwide. The research scientists and biotech companies are putting their best effective measures and taking the precautionary steps to minimize the negative impact of GM products on ecosystem and humans. • Government should encourage the scientists and biotech research companies to develop the GM product which is eco-friendly, economical and useful to humans’ beings. • We the people have to neutrally assess the advantages and disadvantages of GM products independently. One has to believe in the scientifically proven tests rather than the unscientifically provided data.
- 10. Conclusion • In conclusion, after comprehending both the sides of the GM products, we have to accept that GM foods and products are used by many countries worldwide. The research scientists and biotech companies are putting their best effective measures and taking the precautionary steps to minimize the negative impact of GM products on ecosystem and humans. • Government should encourage the scientists and biotech research companies to develop the GM product which is eco-friendly, economical and useful to humans’ beings. • We the people have to neutrally assess the advantages and disadvantages of GM products independently. One has to believe in the scientifically proven tests rather than the unscientifically provided data.
Notas do Editor
- UK is coined this terminology bacterial vector. In bacteria, presence of natural short loops of DNA which is known as plasmid. Here, studied in particular the agrobacterium plasmid plays an important role in the genetic modification process (Jones 1999). Plasmid is cut by the restriction endonuclease enzyme and opens the fragment and then the DNA ligase is used to bind the sticky end of target DNA with the plasmid. This plasmid is called “Recombinant plasmid” (Jones 1999). This recombinant plasmid is transferred into the bacterial cells and then they are cultured in aseptic conditions. During the culturing, plasmid is cultured producing multiple copies of genes which express the specific protein. Now using the cloning process, these recombinant genes were introduced into single cells of plants or animals which express it into host cells and the desirable products are produced (Jones 1999).
- BT stands for bacillus thurangisis Vitamin A deficiency helpful golden rice
- Destroy the function- change the nutrient content in soil and eco friendly flora were kill with the pesticides The Cry proteins produced from the bacterium, was present in the crystalline form (insecticidal crystal protein). It also contained the protoxin which cleaved the proteases to produce the biologically active form of toxins (Schnepf et al. 1998).
- Golden rice endosperm metabolic cycle alter by beta carotene synthesis, Generally present in the plants not only cereals and garins. In 1990s the native human recombinant PDP and serum albumin were studied (Sijmons et al. 1990). After this successful study, pharmaceutical companies have experimented the blood products, antibodies, hormones and vaccines (Twyman et al. 2005).